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We focused on the analytical solution of strong nonlinearity and complicated timefractional evolution equations, including the Sawada-Kotera equation, Ito equation, and Kaup-Kupershmidt equation, using an effective and accurate method known as the Aboodh residual power series method (ARPSM) in the framework of the Caputo operator. Therefore, the Caputo operator and the ARPSM are practical for figuring out a linear or nonlinear system with a fractional derivative. This technique was effectively proposed to obtain a set of analytical solutions for various types of fractional differential equations. The derived solutions enabled us to understand the mechanisms behind the propagation and generation of numerous nonlinear phenomena observed in diverse scientific domains, including plasma physics, fluid physics, and optical fibers. The fractional property also revealed some ambiguity that may be observed in many natural phenomena, and this is one of the most important distinguishing factors between fractional differential equations and non-fractional ones. We also helped clarify fractional calculus in nonlinear dynamics, motivating researchers to work in mathematical physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we investigated new different glass compositions 20PbO–20BaO–(60 − x)B2O3–xZnO (x = 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mol%) to study the radiation shielding capability of these glass composites. The shielding ability was measured experimentally using narrow beam method (which including HPGe detector, point sources and lead collimators). The accuracy was verified by XCOM software, the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of the produced glasses was ascertained using both methods. We noticed that the B40Z20 glass composite (contain 20 mol%) has the highest LAC at the four examined energies (0.060, 0.662, 1.173 and 1.333 MeV) since the LAC enhances as the ZnO content increases from 0 to 20 mol%. The based shielding parameters such as HVL and RSE or called radiation shielding efficiency were determined experimentally. The HVL reduces as the glasses' density (or, more accurately, the amount of ZnO) increases. At 0.06 MeV, the HVL have the following values: 0.041, 0.039, 0.038, 0.036 and 0.035 cm for the glasses with density of 3.582, 3.739, 3.897, 4.055 and 4.212 g/cm3 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel glass system B2O3–SiO2–Bi2O3–TeO2–BaO–ZnO doped with Eu2O3 (x = 0–4 mol%) is fabricated through melt-quench technique and coded as BiTeEu-x. Density and refractive index measurements done on the glasses resulted in the increase up to 5.4377 gcm−3 and 1.99, respectively, for 4 mol% addition of Eu2O3. Vickers micro-indentation measurements done on synthesized glasses gave increasing microhardness values with Eu3+ doping due to higher bond strength of Eu–O bond compared to Te–O bond. The Phy-X/PSD simulation software utilized for obtaining radiation shielding parameters produced highest range of mass attenuation coefficient (63.878–0.036 cm2/g) and lowest range of half-value layer (0.002–3.551 cm) for the same glass proving its superiority in radiation attenuating capacity. This article addresses the theoretical analysis of photon buildup occurring inside the fabricated glasses in 0.015–15 MeV energy range with respect to different penetration depths. Neutron shielding ability of BiTeEu-4 glass was found to be impressive with fast neutron removal cross section (FNR) value of 0.10362 cm−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the physical, optical and mechanical characteristics of BWP glasses. The density and molar mass increase as the WO3 concentration rises, resulting in a denser and more substantial glass sample. However, the molar volume decreases, indicating a reduction in volume due to the increased density caused by WO3. The inclusion of WO3 also leads to a tighter spacing between atoms. The optical basicity of the glass increases with higher WO3 concentrations. The electronegativity decreases, suggesting the glass becomes more electron-donating. The electronic polarizability and cross-link density increase, resulting in a stiffer and more robust glass network. The mechanical moduli, including Young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, and longitudinal modulus, also increase with higher WO3 concentrations, indicating improved mechanical characteristics and reduced deformation. The Poisson's ratio shows a larger transverse deformation tendency with increasing WO3 concentration. Micro-hardness values increase with WO3 content, indicating enhanced durability and mechanical robustness. The mean free path values indicates that the higher WO3 content, or lower P2O5 content, improves the shielding ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trivalent erbium ions doped (48 – x) AlPO4 + 15K2O + 12MgF + 20Na2O + 5NaF + xEr2O3 glass samples have been prepared utilizing the melt-quench process and studied to understand the efficacy of Er3+ ions content on physical, structural and luminescence attributes of host glass. The functional groups of the glass structure such as metaphosphate, orthophosphate and pyrophosphate have been elucidated through Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic investigation. The least-square approach was used to calculate the Judd–Ofelt parameter from the oscillator strength of the Er3+ ion transitions. The luminescence emission data captured in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) province using 380 and 980 nm excitation wavelengths. The up-conversion (recorded at the excitation at 980 nm) of 0.5 Er glass exhibited emission at 664, 550 and 488 nm wavelengths. The decay plots of the studied glass specimens were measured at 980 nm excitation. The McCumber (MC) theory has been implemented to calculate the gain coefficient of the 0.5 Er glass and flat gain curve was drawn for S-band, C-band and L-band. The attributes for optical amplification were ascertained, including the quality factor (0.85), branching ratio (1), stimulated emission cross-section (1.3 × 10–20 cm2), gain bandwidth (1.26 × 10–25 cm3) and optical gain (0.394 × 10–23 cm2 s) for 0.5 Er glass. The yellowish green light emission ability of the 0.5 Er glass after 980 nm excitation evident through CIE co-ordinates position (x 0.36, y 0.58) at 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. The spectroscopic and luminescence results endorse that the alumino–phosphate glass specimens loaded with 0.5 mol% of Er2O3 are beneficial for NIR and green light emission applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effects of increasing PbO concentration on the Al2O3–PbO–B2O3–SiO2 glasses' physical, mechanical and gamma ray shielding properties. PbO addition leads to higher density and molar mass, making the glass denser. However, molar volume decreases, indicating a more compact structure. Interatomic distances and ion concentration change, strengthening atomic interactions. Oxygen molar volume increases, but packing density drops with more PbO, impacting the glass lattice. Optical basicity rises, suggesting improved electron transport and optical behavior. Electronegativity decreases, and electronic polarizability increases with higher PbO content, rendering the glass more electron-donating and sensitive to external electric fields.This study investigates glass mechanical properties using the Makishima–Mackenzie model. As PbO concentration rises, elastic moduli consistently decrease, signifying increased flexibility in glass structures. The mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) of the chosen glasses were evaluated in the 0.284–1.333 MeV energy range. It was found that increased PbO content leads to a corresponding MAC enhancement. The MAC values at 0.284 MeV were 0.297 and 0.349 cm2/g, while at 0.511 MeV they varied between 0.124 and 0.135 cm2/g. It was found that Glass Pb47.5 sample, which contains a higher amount of PbO compared to the other glasses, had the highest MAC at all energies. The results showed that the PbO has a notable impact on the MAC and thus on the radiation attenuation performance at lower energy. Moreover, increased glass density led to a corresponding LAC increase, which at 0.284 MeV increased from 1.269 cm−1 for Pb32.5 to 1.898 cm−1 for Pb47.5. According to the LAC results, one simple means of enhancing the glasses' radiation shielding properties is utilizing a high PbO percentage. This paper aims to illuminate silicate glasses' radiation shielding abilities. The paper will investigate the efficiency under specific conditions, like high-energy radiation. Moreover, it will explore innovative methods to enhance their shielding competence, concreting the way for a better yet effective radiation shielding approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glasses' density, molar volume, and molecular weight increase with increasing lead concentration for the PbO–Bi2O3–ZnO–B2O3 glasses. The ion concentration and field strength increase with increasing PbO concentration. Changes in the packing density and oxygen molar volume suggest network changes of a structural nature. The increase in optical basicity and decrease in electronegativity values indicate a higher electron-donating tendency of the glasses with increased concentration of PbO, while the increase in electronic polarizability suggests greater distortion susceptibility due to an externally located electric field. Makishima-Mackenzie's theory was used to study the outcome of lead oxide concentration on the glass's mechanical properties. The increase in PbO concentration results in increased network complexity and stiffness, together with elevated dissociation energy. However, this also results in a decrease in packing density and elastic moduli. The Poisson ratio decreases, indicating cross-linking in the glass network, and the fractal bond connectivity parameter indicates a three-dimensional network. The radiation shielding capability has been compared to other glasses as well and it is found that 70PbO–10Bi2O3–10ZnO–10B2O3 sample is a superior choice for radiation shielding glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper comprehensively investigates the oblique propagation of ion-acoustic solitary waves (IASWs) with arbitrary amplitude in a magnetoplasma consisting of inertialess non-Maxwellian (nonthermal) electrons, inertialess Maxwellian positrons, and inertial adiabatically heated ions. It is postulated that the positive ions demonstrate adiabatic behavior that is distinguished by anisotropic thermal pressure. The study utilizes Sagdeev's pseudopotential theory to analyze the fluid equations of the plasma model and reduce them to the energy equation. Different plasma configuration factors, such as nonthermal parameters, positron concentration, and parallel and perpendicular ion pressure, are being studied to see how they affect the properties of solitary waves with large amplitudes. The findings demonstrate the simultaneous coexistence of compressive and rarefactive IASWs, significantly influenced by positrons and nonthermal electron parameters. The study provides valuable insights into wave phenomena in magnetized plasmas and presents possible applications in both Space and laboratory plasma environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A host network of borosilicate glass was produced and reinforced with Bi3+, Ba2+, and Pb2+ ions to be used as protective materials against gamma rays. Four glasses, host 70B2O3–30SiO2 (BSi), 40B2O3–30SiO2–30Bi2O3 (BSiBi), 40B2O3–30SiO2–30BaO (BSiBa), and 40B2O3–30SiO2–30Pb3O4 (BSiPb), were produced. A perfect amorphous structure was observed in X-ray diffraction patterns for all the considered glasses. The structural results showed that BSiBi glass was enriched by non-bridging oxygens NBO units, while BSiBa and BSiPb glasses were enriched by bridging oxygens BO, leading to more tightness of BSiBa and BSiPb glasses than BSiBi. The structural changes clearly reflected on the thermal and optical properties of the considered glasses, where a clear agreement between the network crowding by NBO or BO units and the behavior of the glass transition temperature, band gap, Urbach energy, and refractive index was observed. The considered BSiBi, BSiBa, and BSiPb glasses had thermal stability of 177.931, 264.634, and 231.036 °C and refractive indices of 2.292, 2.225, and 2.175, respectively. From the elasticity point of view and based on the structural changes, the elastic moduli of the BSiBa and BSiPb glasses were consistent with the tightness and formation of BO units, while those of the BSiBi glass were the opposite of what was expected. Bi3+, Ba2+, and Pb2+ enhanced the elastic moduli of the host glass by 70.648–88.042, 119.470–133.114, and 191.773–217.856%. All the considered glasses have high transparency (> 74%). Reinforcing the host glass with Bi3+, Ba2+, and Pb2+ significantly improved its attenuation of 661.64, 1173.23, and 1332.51 keV gamma ray energies. It was found that the BSiBi glass is the best attenuator, followed by BSiPb, but with a very high affinity, while the BSiBa is the least attenuator. For the used gamma rays 661.64, 1173.23, and 1332.51 keV, Bi3+ improved the attenuation ability by 126.087, 134.546, and 115.888%; Ba2+ improved it by 57.764, 69.091, and 63.551%; and Pb2+ by 118.012, 110.909, and 107.477%, respectively. Hence, the suitable thermal, mechanical, optical, and attenuation properties of the BSiBi, BSiBa, and BSiPb glasses open up prospects for them as radiation shields in nuclear fields such as immobilization & disposal of radioactive wastes, radiotherapy rooms, and hot cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Improving the Structural, Optical and Photovoltaic Properties of Sb- and Bi-Co-Doped MAPbBr3 Perovskite Solar Cell" has been retracted by the Coatings Editorial Office due to concerns regarding the scientific accuracy of the data presented. An investigation conducted by the Editorial Office and the Editorial Board confirmed inconsistencies within the XRD data presented in Figure 1, and they were unable to verify the validity or integrity of the data. As a result, the publication has been retracted in accordance with the journal's retraction policy and the Committee on Publication Ethics retraction guidelines. One of the authors disagreed with this retraction, while the other authors did not provide a comment on the decision. [Extracted from the article]