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Tracheobronchial endoluminal hamartochondroma (HC) is a rare benign tumor, most frequently diagnosed in individuals between the sixth and seventh decades of life. The clinical presentation is usually very noisy. Here, we report two interesting cases. The first patient is a 58-year-old man who was wrongly treated for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. HC was in the lower third of the trachea. The second patient is a 43-year-old man with a history of bronchiectasis and right lower lobectomy. HC was in the middle lobe bronchus. The resection via rigid bronchoscopy with diode laser was successful without any complications. Only one patient keeps a small stable tumor residue. The rigid bronchoscopy with laser-application in tracheobronchial endoluminal HC is safe and effective. Flexible bronchoscopy is important during the follow-up.

Treatment modifications adopted during pandemic aimed at reducing infection, myelosuppression, and optimizing hospital resources. This study evaluated outcomes for pediatric patients with ALL who had treatment modifications during pandemic compared to historical cohorts at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt. Bi-directional cohort study included 378 patients. Treatment modifications included omission of specific drugs or adjusting chemotherapy schedules to 6-mercaptopurine/methotrexate. Median follow-up were 45.1 and 43.2 months, for cohorts (A) and (B), respectively. The three-year overall survival were 84.9% and 87.5% (p =.48) and three-year relapse free survival were 82.8% and 86.5% (p =.11) for cohorts (A) and (B), respectively. Infection-related mortality was 11% and 4.4% for cohorts (A) and (B), respectively (p =.03). Treatment modifications adopted during the pandemic did not adversely affect the outcome of patients with ALL and notably reduced infection-related deaths. Longer follow-up is warranted to validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of 8-week oral supplementation on postural control in young women with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Methods: This study involved 15 women with IDA who received 160 mg of elemental iron daily in the form of dried ferrous sulfate capsules (80 mg twice daily) taken in two divided doses for 8 weeks. The mean velocity of oscillations of the center of pressure (CoPv) was recorded to evaluate postural control pre- and post-supplementation. In addition, simple reaction time (SRT) and weight discrimination tests were performed to assess attentional capacity and proprioceptive acuity, respectively. Results: This study revealed significant increases (P < 0.001, mean difference = 1.83, 95% CI: −17.25; −9.42) in proprioceptive acuity values, as well as decreases in CoPv [firm (EO (P < 0.01, mean difference = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.69; 2.92), EC (P < 0.05, mean difference = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.24; 3.45)) and foam (EO (P < 0.001, mean difference = 0.64, 95% CI: 1.71; 4.44) ; EC (P < 0.001, mean difference = 1.04, 95% CI: 3.51; 7.97))] and SRT (P < 0.001, mean difference = 59.31, 95% CI: 103.02; 168.71) values post-supplementation compared to pre-supplementation. Conclusion: This study showed significant improvements in postural control in young women with IDA after 8 weeks of oral iron supplementation. These improvements were probably related to the enhanced bioavailability of iron, which may have influenced neural processes inducing improvements in attention capacity and proprioceptive acuity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exponential stabilisation is undoubtedly an essential property to study for any control system. This property is often difficult to establish for nonlinear distributed systems and even more difficult if the state of such a system is subject to a time-delay. In this context, this paper is devoted to the study of the well-posedness and exponential stabilisation problems for the one-dimensional delayed Fisher's partial differential equation (PDE) posed in a bounded interval, with homogeneous Dirichlet condition at the left boundary and controlled at the right boundary by Dirichlet condition. Based on the infinite dimensional backstepping method for the linear and undelayed corresponding case, a feedback law is built. Under this feedback, we prove that the closed-loop system is well-posed in $ L^2(0,1) $ L 2 (0 , 1) and locally exponentially stable in the topology of the $ L^2(0,1) $ L 2 (0 , 1) -norm by the use of semigroup theory relating to differential difference equations and Lyapunov–Razumikhin analysis, respectively. A numerical example that reflects the effectiveness of the proposed approach is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes some algebraic properties of the species of finite topological quandles. We construct two twisted bialgebra structures on this species, one of the first kind and one of the second kind. The obstruction for the structure to match the double twisted bialgebra axioms is explicitly described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study looked at how adding extra salt to the diet of dairy camels affects their milk and overall metabolism. The camels that consumed more salt drank more water and had higher levels of insulin in their blood. However, the milk from the salt-fed camels contained lower levels of healthy fats, specifically unsaturated fats, which are important for heart health. These results suggest that adding a high amount of salt to the diet may affect the quality of milk and potentially make it less healthy due to the shift in fat types. In simple terms, a moderate increase in dietary salt for dairy camels changes the type of fat in their milk and increases blood insulin levels, which could affect the health benefits of the milk and the camels' insulin metabolism. Camel milk is a valuable food source with unique nutritional properties and potential health benefits. This study investigated the influence of high dietary salt on milk composition and fatty acid (FA) profile as well as insulin regulation in dairy camels. Twelve multiparous female camels were used in a crossover design with two treatments: control concentrate (CON; 1.3% salt) and high-salt concentrate (SAL; 3.9% salt). Each period lasted 3 weeks, with camels switched between treatments in the second period. The measured variables included milk yield, milk composition, blood metabolites, and insulin levels in blood and milk. The SAL group exhibited higher (p < 0.01) water consumption. Nevertheless, milk yield and composition (fat, protein, lactose) remained unaffected. Notably, SAL camels had elevated blood insulin levels (p < 0.05) compared to the CON group, suggesting enhanced pancreatic activity possibly driven by osmotic balance changes. Milk FA profiles revealed a reduction in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA, p < 0.04), particularly monounsaturated (MUFA, p < 0.05) and odd-chain fatty acids (OCFA, p < 0.05). Furthermore, lipid quality indices such as the atherogenic index (p < 0.01) and the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic FA ratio (h/H, p < 0.01) indicated a less favorable milk fat profile in the SAL group. These findings suggest that while moderate salt supplementation may not negatively impact milk yield in dairy camels, it alters both metabolic and milk fat composition variables, with potential implications for the nutritional quality of milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the recent advancements and challenges in the development of polymer-based mechanical metamaterials. Topics include the unique properties of these materials, their potential applications in various industries, and the difficulties faced in optimizing their performance and scalability for real-world use.

Abstract The current research introduces a model-free ultra-local model (MFULM) controller that utilizes the multi-agent on-policy reinforcement learning (MAOPRL) technique for remotely regulating blood pressure through precise drug dosing in a closed-loop system. Within the closed-loop system, there exists a MFULM controller, an observer, and an intelligent MAOPRL algorithm. Initially, a flexible MFULM controller is created to make adjustments to blood pressure and medication dosages. Following this, an observer is incorporated into the main controller to improve performance and stability by estimating states and disturbances. The controller parameters are optimized using MAOPRL in an adaptive manner, which involves the use of an actor-critic approach in an adaptive fashion. This approach enhances the adaptability of the controller by allowing for dynamic modifications to dosage and blood pressure control parameters. In the presence of disturbances or instabilities, the critic’s feedback aids the actor in adjusting actions to reduce their impact, utilizing a complementary strategy to tackle deficiencies in the primary controller. Lastly, various evaluations, including assessments under normal conditions, adaptability between patients, and stability evaluations against mixed disturbances, have been carried out to confirm the efficiency and viability of the proposed method.

Abstract Tracheo‐bronchial adenoid cystic carcinoma (TBACC) is a rare disease. Its treatment is mainly surgical. We herein describe the clinical and para‐clinical varieties of TBACC as well as their surgical treatment and prognosis. We conducted a retrospective study of eight patients operated on between 1994 and 2022 and whose definitive pathological examination concluded with primary TBACC. There were three men and five women with an average age of 44 years. The bronchoscopy found a budding formation reducing the tracheal lumen at the cervical (two cases), middle (two case) and distal trachea and carina (four cases). Bronchial anastomosis resection and sleeve pneumonectomy were the most common procedures. Surgical resections R0 were achieved in five patients. Surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy was performed in two patients with incomplete surgical resection R1. The overall survival for all patients with primary ACC was 72% at 5 years. TBACC is a rare and low‐to‐moderate grade malignant tumour. The choice of the surgical procedure and the appropriate approach is challenging to obtain a promising prognosis.

This paper describes CAREUP, a novel older adult healthy aging support platform based on Intrinsic Capacity (IC) monitoring. Besides standard functionalities like storing health measurement data or providing users with personalized recommendations, the platform includes novel intrinsic capacity assessment and prediction algorithms. Older adults’ performance is continuously monitored in all five IC domains—locomotion, psychology, cognition, vitality, and sensory capacity—based on measurement results and answers to questionnaires gathered using the platform’s mobile applications. The users are also presented with a machine learning-based prediction of how their intrinsic capacity might change over the following years. The platform’s operation was successfully tested with the participation of older adults and their caregivers in three countries: Austria, Italy, and Romania.

Camel milk is a valuable food source with unique nutritional properties and potential health benefits. This study investigated the influence of high dietary salt on milk composition and fatty acid (FA) profile as well as insulin regulation in dairy camels. Twelve multiparous female camels were used in a crossover design with two treatments: control concentrate (CON; 1.3% salt) and high-salt concentrate (SAL; 3.9% salt). Each period lasted 3 weeks, with camels switched between treatments in the second period. The measured variables included milk yield, milk composition, blood metabolites, and insulin levels in blood and milk. The SAL group exhibited higher (p < 0.01) water consumption. Nevertheless, milk yield and composition (fat, protein, lactose) remained unaffected. Notably, SAL camels had elevated blood insulin levels (p < 0.05) compared to the CON group, suggesting enhanced pancreatic activity possibly driven by osmotic balance changes. Milk FA profiles revealed a reduction in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA, p < 0.04), particularly monounsaturated (MUFA, p < 0.05) and odd-chain fatty acids (OCFA, p < 0.05). Furthermore, lipid quality indices such as the atherogenic index (p < 0.01) and the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic FA ratio (h/H, p < 0.01) indicated a less favorable milk fat profile in the SAL group. These findings suggest that while moderate salt supplementation may not negatively impact milk yield in dairy camels, it alters both metabolic and milk fat composition variables, with potential implications for the nutritional quality of milk.