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Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology presents a promising approach for large-scale, sustainable water resource utilization, with significant potential in seawater desalination and wastewater treatment. However, the simultaneous removal of waterborne pollutants during solar interfacial evaporation remains a significant challenge. This study introduces an all-natural photothermal hydrogel composed of chitosan, cellulose nanofibers, and carbonized spent bleaching earth (C@SBE) for efficient seawater desalination and heavy metal remediation. The hydrogel performance was enhanced by optimizing its three-dimensional porous structure and incorporating C@SBE to improve photothermal conversion efficiency and adsorption capacity. Under one-sun irradiation, the hydrogel achieved an impressive evaporation rate of 2.17 kg m -2 h -1 with an evaporation efficiency of 90.8%, exhibiting excellent salt resistance and long-term operational stability. Furthermore, the hydrogel demonstrated a maximum Cu 2+ adsorption capacity of 145.3 mg/g, with adsorption kinetics following the pseudo-second-order model and isotherms aligning with the Langmuir model. The adsorption mechanism involved synergistic effects of chitosan amino chelation, C@SBE electrostatic interactions, and ion exchange. Soil remediation experiments further revealed that the hydrogel effectively reduced Cu 2+ concentrations in contaminated soil from 500 to 45.6 mg/kg under one-sun irradiation, while simultaneously promoting healthy wheat seed growth. This study highlights a green, efficient, and sustainable multifunctional photothermal hydrogel, offering a novel technological platform and theoretical foundation for solar-driven water purification and environmental remediation.

Cancer immunotherapy has been successful in patients with different types of cancers, but its efficacy in treating certain types of colorectal cancer (CRC) is limited. The aim of this study was to explore whether sea cucumber polysaccharides (SCP) could impact resistance to anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD1) immunotherapy of CRC and the role of microbiota in mediating their effects. Mice inoculated with immunotherapy resistant CT-26 CRC cells were pretreated with SCP, followed by treatment with/without the anti-PD1 antibody. SCP alone exhibited no inhibitory effect on tumor growth, but they drastically enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD1 treatment, which alone showed minimal effect on tumor development. Compared to anti-PD1 only treatment, a combination of SCP and anti-PD1 increased CD8 + T cells, especially IFN-γ + cytotoxic CD8 + T cells, and decreased regulatory CD4 + T cells. SCP modulated gut microbiota and increased the relative abundance of bacteria including Bifidobacterium and Faecalibaculum . A fecal microbiota transplantation experiment showed that the sensitizing effect of SCP was at least partly mediated by microbiota. Furthermore, oral supplementation of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum or Faecalibaculum rodentium recapitulated the beneficial effect of SCP in potentiating anti-PD1 efficacy. Altogether, these findings demonstrated that SCP could be potentially developed as a dietary adjuvant to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy in CRC.

This research introduces the development of a sequential limit analysis (SLA) method in OPTUM. The plane-strain analysis capability of the original SLA has been extended to encompass both plane-strain and axis-symmetric problems, and the usability has been expanded to a broader spectrum of users. Moreover, refinements in addressing nodal velocities during soil collapse under gravity, specifically in scenarios featuring a stiff soil berm leading to slope instability, have been implemented, to enable proper modelling of more extreme conditions and complex model geometries. A detailed validation has been made against various penetration problems. It is revealed that SLA simulations can be executed with displacement increments at the order of 1% of the characteristic size of the object. In addition, a succinct parametric study on ball penetration is presented. Penetration resistance with strain softening is reduced by up to 34.5% compared to the non-softening case. An equivalent plastic strain factor was adopted to enhance the accuracy of measuring soil strength through ball penetrometer tests. The enhanced SLA method could also serve as a powerful tool for analysing large deformation soil-structure interaction problems for piles, spudcans, and cone / ball penetrometers in offshore engineering., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

The heat treatment method was used to synthesize starch inclusion complexes from starch and short-chain alkyl gallates (a typical representative of phenololipids), such as butyl gallate, propyl gallate, ethyl gallate and methyl gallate. In an everted rat gut sac model, HPLC-UV analysis revealed that the released alkyl gallates from inclusion complexes were degraded to produce gallic acid. Gallic acids (0.009455-0.014160 nmol min -1 ) and alkyl gallates (0.2695-0.9441 nmol min -1 ) were both able to pass through intestinal membranes. After transmembrane transfer, alkyl gallates could also be hydrolyzed to produce gallic acid (1.947 × 10 -5 -2.290 × 10 -5 min -1 ). It was evident that such an inclusion complex demonstrated superior dual sustained-release characteristics for phenolic compounds. Meanwhile, starch inclusion complexes can also slow down starch digestion by raising resistant starch (from 12.2% to 27.2-46.0%) and lowering rapidly digestible starch (from 51.2% to 22.2-51.2%), according to a glucose oxidase-peroxidase analysis. The delayed digestion behavior of starch in inclusion complexes is very beneficial for blood glucose control. Thus, our work effectively established a theoretical foundation for modifying the dual sustained-release behavior of phenolic compounds and the retardation of starch digestion by adjusting the carbon-chain length in starch inclusion complexes.

MYCN-amplification is a genetic hallmark of ~40% of high-risk neuroblastomas (NBs). Altered glycosylation is a common feature of adult cancer progression, but little is known about how genetic signatures such as MYCN-amplification alter glycosylation profiles. Herein, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) revealed increased core fucosylated glycan abundance within neuroblast-rich regions of human MYCN-amplified NB tumors. GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (GMDS) is responsible for the first-committed and rate-limiting step of de novo GDP-fucose synthesis. High GMDS expression was found to be associated with poor patient survival, advanced stage disease, and MYCN-amplification in human NB tumors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter reporter assays demonstrated that N-MYC directly binds and activates the GMDS promoter in NB cells. When GMDS was blocked through either genetic or pharmacological mechanisms, NBs were found to be dependent upon de novo GDP-fucose production to sustain cell surface and secreted core fucosylated glycan abundance, as well as adherence and motility. Moreover, genetic knockdown of GMDS inhibited tumor formation and progression in vivo. These critical findings identify de novo GDP-fucose production as a novel metabolic vulnerability that may be exploited in designing new treatment strategies for MYCN-amplified NBs., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics approval and consent to participate: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Animal studies were performed with approval from the University of Kentucky IACUC (2021-3934). Human studies were performed under approval of the University of Kentucky Institutional Review Board (75968). Informed consent was obtained from all participants., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) has emerged as an important bio-based furanic compound, which has broad application prospects in renewable energy and materials, especially in the preparation of polyethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate (PEF). While the conventional synthesis of FDCA involves oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as a substitute, the thermal and chemical instability of HMF due to its aldehyde group poses challenges. A more favorable alternative is the utilization of 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF), a non-aldehyde and more stable precursor. This study pioneeringly reports nitrogen-doped-carbon encapsulated cobalt (Co@NC) chainmail nanowires for the thermal and electrocatalytic oxidation of BHMF to FDCA. The Co@NC/NF achieved a 97.9 % conversion of BHMF with a 93.3 % yield of FDCA at 1.475 V vs. RHE, whereas thermal catalysis only obtained 14.9 % FDCA yield after 10 hours. Kinetic studies indicated that the large electrochemically active surface area and excellent kinetic parameters contribute its superior electrochemical performance. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the migration of inner electrons to the exterior modified the electronic properties of the carbon layer, thereby facilitating the oxidation of BHMF. Furthermore, the in-situ generation of high-valent cobalt species markedly accelerated the BHMF oxidation. This research underscores the potential of carbon-encapsulated metal chainmail catalysts in thermal and electrochemical biomass conversion., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The anti-seasonal hydrological alternation in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) significantly impacts the release of phosphorus (P) from the riparian soil-plant system, posing a threat to the aquatic environment. To investigate this issue, riparian soils and plants in three tributaries of the central TGR were sampled at three distinct stages: early exposure, final exposure, and soon after inundation receded. Soil properties, P forms, and plant P content were analyzed. A significant decrease in exchangeable P and organic P during exposure, and a decrease in aluminum/iron-bound P during inundation were observed. These changes were linked to the mineralization of organic matter and the reduction of iron oxides. Compared to bioavailable inorganic P, bioavailable organic P contributed more to the total soil P release during the exposure-inundation cycle. Plant P uptake accounted for 76.08% of the bioavailable P released by the soil during exposure. During inundation, plant P release significantly exceeded soil P release. Therefore, the soil-plant system could act as a P "sink" during exposure and a P "source" during inundation. The hydrological alternation of the TGR was the primary driver of this "source-sink" transformation. To mitigate P release in riparian zones, recycling plant materials and establishing monitoring sites are recommended., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Fish soup has become an integral part of global cuisine, appreciated for its rich nutritional benefits and delectable flavor. This study comparatively evaluated the quality characteristics of fish soups derived from three freshwater fish species and three seawater fish species using multi-omics analysis. The primary aroma characteristics of fish soup were meaty and greasy, closely associated with the oxidation of lipids, particularly unsaturated triglycerides. Compared to freshwater fish soup, seawater fish soup exhibited a higher degree of lipid unsaturation, with significantly elevated levels of highly unsaturated lipids. Umami, the predominant taste profile of fish soup, likely resulted from the synergistic umami-enhancing effect of amino acids (Glu and Asp) and 5'-nucleotides (IMP, AMP, and GMP). The high taurine content in fish soup makes it an excellent dietary supplement. Notably, the 5'-nucleotide content in fish soup is substantial and should be consumed in moderation by individuals with elevated uric acid levels., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Structured binary protein networks offer a pathway for designing gel-based foods with less ecological and economic effects. This study investigated the heat-mediated interaction and gelation kinetics of cod-soy mixed proteins at molecular level. Results indicated that denaturation degree of soy proteins was fundamental in determining the protein-protein interactions during heating. Considerable non-natural β-sheet was generated in the heterogeneous structures to initiate their aggregation behavior. Cod actomyosin comprising myosin heavy chains and actin mainly regulated their aggregation below 70 °C. At higher temperatures, the formation of large-sized and intermediary-sized aggregates was dominated by disulfide bond exchange between cod actomyosin and soy A-B aggregates (≤ 85 °C) or dissociated B subunits (> 85 °C). These aggregates were further evidenced as essential components to form gel networks with higher storage modulus (G'). These findings provide fundamental insights for designing gel-based products with desirable nutritional and textural properties based on plant-animal binary proteins., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest with regard to this study., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Nitrogen bioavailability, governed by fixation and loss processes, is crucial for oceanic productivity and global biogeochemical cycles. The key nitrogen loss organisms-denitrifiers and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria-remain poorly understood in deep-sea cold seeps. This study combined geochemical measurements, 15 N stable isotope tracer analysis, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and three-dimensional protein structural simulations to explore cold-seeps nitrogen loss processes. Geochemical evidence from 359 sediment samples shows significantly higher nitrogen loss rates in cold seeps compared to typical deep-sea sediments, with nitrogen loss flux from surface sediments estimated at 4.96-7.63 Tg N yr -1 (1.65-2.54% of global marine sediment). Examination of 147 million non-redundant genes indicates a high prevalence of nitrogen loss genes, including nitrous-oxide reductase (NosZ; 6.88 genes per million reads, GPM), nitric oxide dismutase (Nod; 1.29 GPM), and hydrazine synthase (HzsA; 3.35 GPM) in surface sediments. Analysis of 3,164 metagenome-assembled genomes expands the nitrous-oxide reducers by three phyla, nitric oxide-dismutating organisms by one phylum and two orders, and anammox bacteria by ten phyla going beyond Planctomycetota. These microbes exhibit structural adaptations and complex gene cluster enabling survival in cold seeps. Cold seeps likely are previously underestimated nitrogen loss hotspots, potentially contributing notably to the global nitrogen cycle., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Li 5 FeO 4 (LFO) is a leading candidate for cathode prelithiation due to its ability to engage in both anionic and cationic redox processes, offering substantial capacity potential. However, the practical implementation of LFO is hampered by incomplete delithiation and susceptibility to air-induced degradation, which together constrain its effectiveness in lithium compensation. In this study, we propose a lattice modulation strategy that incorporates cobalt substitution at the iron sites of LFO, resulting in the novel compound Li 5.5 Fe 0.5 Co 0.5 O 4 (LFCO), which enhances both the anionic redox activity and the air stability of the material. We demonstrate that the incorporation of Co 2+ ions facilitates the reversible oxidation of lattice oxygen species from O 2- to intermediate O 2 n - and ultimately to O 2 , thereby augmenting the overall redox capacity. LFCO exhibits superior electrochemical performance with specific capacities of 860.1 mAh g -1 at 0.1C and 580.0 mAh g -1 at 1C, compared to 681.5 and 351.8 mAh g -1 for LFO. Furthermore, LFCO maintains a high capacity of 520.8 mAh g -1 after exposure to 20% relative humidity for 4 days. Integration of LFCO into graphite∥NCM811 pouch cells results in 89.6% capacity retention at 0.5C over 200 cycles, underscoring the potential of this material in developing next-generation energy-dense lithium-ion batteries.

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) are pivotal signaling molecules in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway and have emerged as potential antitumor targets, providing a promising strategy for tumor therapy. Therefore, the development of antitumor drugs targeting ERK protein has received extensive attention. Here, we developed a compound library based on a series of novel aromatic urea-imidazole salt derivatives and conducted phenotypic screening against various cancer cell lines. Notably, 21y exhibited high efficacy against MCF-7 cells (IC 50 = 0.67 μM). Furthermore, label-free drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) and LC-MS/MS proteomics techniques revealed that 21y directly targets ERK1/2. Mechanistically, 21y induced cell apoptosis and autophagy-related cell death. In vivo studies confirmed that 21y strongly inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in breast cancer. Taken together, 21y targets ERK1/2 as a promising therapeutic agent for breast cancer therapy.

Color spiking encoding and opponent preprocessing are critical for energy-efficient object perception in the human visual system. Emulating the retina and brain's integration of spatial and chromatic spiking signals holds promise for enhancing the efficiency of vision sensors. Here, we introduce an artificial visual neuron array that generates excitatory or inhibitory spiking responses to specific wavelengths with orientation selectivity. The neuron array can function as double-opponent receptive fields for spatial-chromatic opponent preprocessing to color signals, emulating the neural pathway from the retina to the cortex. With the color spiking preprocessing function of the neuron array, the recognition accuracy is improved almost twofold compared to direct perception of underexposure objects, and the noise robustness is also strengthened. This architecture leverages biological mechanisms for simultaneous spike encoding and antagonistic preprocessing of color information, offering the potential for highly efficient neuromorphic vision systems.

Bletilla striata, a traditional Chinese medicine known for its astringent hemostatic and heat-clearing properties, has been traditionally utilized for detoxification. This study aims to explore the potential of Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSP) in alleviating pneumonia associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by influencing Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) as well as NETs-induced alveolar macrophages (AMs) pyroptosis. Results found that BSP demonstrated a significant mitigation effect to lung injury in ARDS mice. It exhibited a notable regulatory effect on neutrophils and macrophages. Specifically, BSP effectively reduced the level of NETs in both lung tissue and the entire body of ARDS mice. It also attenuated the formation of immune thrombosis in the lungs and reduced the incidence of pyroptosis in AMs. Furthermore, in MH-S cells treated with NETs + LPS, which induced pyroptosis, BSP demonstrated significant alleviation of inflammation and pyroptosis. The attenuating effect of BSP was weakened when the GSK484 was introduced to ARDS mice, suggesting the involvement of PAD4 in BSP's mechanism of action. The results demonstrated that BSP has the potential to modulate neutrophil/macrophage homeostasis via the PAD4 pathway, leading to a reduction in NETs levels and alleviation of NETs-induced pyroptosis in alveolar macrophages, alleviating ARDS., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Carotenoids possess essential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, the relationships between carotenoids and osteoarthritis or degenerative arthritis (OA) remain inadequately understood. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between diverse serum carotenoid concentrations and OA in a large American cohort and to examine the influence of various factors on the association between carotenoids and OA., Methods: Data from the 2001-2006 and 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were utilized. In our analysis, we utilized a directed acyclic graph to identify potential confounding variables. The associations between serum carotenoids (including total carotenoid, trans-lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene) and OA were comprehensively evaluated via a weighted generalized linear model (GLM) and restricted cubic spline models. Threshold effect analyses were used to identify potential cutoff points, subgroup analyses were used to explore heterogeneity, interaction analyses were used to examine potential modifiers, and sensitivity analyses were used to validate the robustness of the findings., Results: The weighted GLM results revealed that, overall, the concentrations of various serum carotenoids did not exhibit a significant linear correlation with the probability of OA. Dose‒response curves and threshold effect analysis revealed a significant nonlinear relationship (P for overall  = 0.027; P for nonlinearity  = 0.019; P for likelihood ratio  = 0.0128) between trans-lycopene (threshold effect) and OA, with an inflection point at 19.49 µg/dl. Further subgroup weighted linear regression analysis indicated that when the serum trans-lycopene concentration exceeded 19.49 µg/dl, there was a significant association [odds ratio (OR) = 0.89 (0.80-0.99); P = 0.027] between the per standard deviation trans-lycopene increase and a lower probability of OA after adjusting for other variables. Moreover, individuals with elevated trans-lycopene [0.70 (0.52-0.94); P = 0.018] in the fifth quintile had notably reduced odds of OA compared with those in the first quintile. When the trans-lycopene level is less than 19.49 µg/dl, no correlation exists between the two variables. Linear subgroup and interaction analyses revealed that when the concentration of carotenoids exceeded 19.49 µg/dl, various categorical factors did not significantly influence the relationship between trans-lycopene and OA overall. However, pairwise comparisons revealed that lower serum trans-lycopene concentrations are more closely associated with a greater probability of OA in elderly individuals [OR (95% CI) = 0.270 (0.112-0.654); P = 0.005; P for trend  = 0.003] than in younger individuals [0.973 (0.385-2.463); P = 0.954; P for trend  = 0.61] (P for interaction  = 0.007)., Conclusions: In the American population, trans-lycopene rather than other types of carotenoids may exhibit a significantly negative correlation with OA, displaying a nonlinear pattern with a threshold point of approximately 19.49 µg/dl. This relationship may become more pronounced with increasing age., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The NHANES, a comprehensive survey of the national population in the United States, utilizes a sophisticated, multistage, and probabilistic sampling method to provide extensive insights into the nutritional and health status of Americans. The data for this study were sourced from the 2001–2006 and 2017–2018 NHANES cycles because only these cycles contained OA data and serum carotenoid information concurrently. The study was conducted in compliance with the guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures involving human participants were approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board (Protocol #98–12, Continuation of Protocol #2011–17, Protocol #2018–01). Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants or their proxies. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Policy reforms in drug regulation and reimbursement have encouraged drug research and development in China. However, there is a lack of insights on industry trends for dermatology research. We aim to describe trends and features of clinical trials for dermatology drugs in China, understand recent achievements, and forecast development trends., Methods: Clinical trial records posted on the Registration and Information Disclosure Platform of Center for Drug Evaluation (CDE) were screened. All trials for dermatological drugs, posted on platform between 2016 and 2022 were included., Results: A total of 1172 trial records were identified, among which studies for skin infection, immune-mediated and inflammatory skin disease (IMIDs) and skin malignancy accounted for 48.9% (n = 573), 42.0% (n = 492) and 9.1% (n = 107), respectively. Most trials focused on generic drugs (n = 728, 62.1%). Multi-regional clinical trials (MRCTs) accounted for less than 6% of all trials. The number of trials on dermatology drugs increased sharply from 2016 to 2018 followed by a decline, which is mainly driven by the drop in bioequivalence evaluation (BE) studies for generic drugs indicated for skin infection. A growing trend in the number of trials for innovative drugs was observed. After removing duplicated drugs based on generic name, a total of 607 tested dermatology drugs were identified among which 51.9% were indicated for IMIDs. The number of innovative drugs exceeded generic drugs from 2020 to 2022. The geographic distribution of lead sites (the site where the principal investigator being employed) was uneven, with most of them located in east China. Of 1,068 trials sponsored by Chinese firms, most were BE (n = 692, 64.8%) and generic drugs (n = 722, 67.6%), while among 104 trials sponsored by multinational corporations (MNC), a majority were phase III (n = 53, 51.0%) trials and focused on innovative drugs (n = 94, 90.4%)., Conclusion: Findings demonstrated positive consequences of reforms in the healthcare industry in China. Nevertheless, long-term policies are expected to enhance the innovative capabilities of Chinese pharmaceutical companies while ensuring accessible and affordable drug supply with generics, encourage early participation in global drug R&D activities to shorten "drug lag", and promote investment in innovative drugs., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The findings and conclusions of this review are those of authors, not officially representing the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Beibei Zhu, Jing Li, Qi Ni, and Xueyuan Yang are affiliated with Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) as healthcare professionals. Shuo Yang and Zheng Yin are employees of IQVIA. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the content discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Drug Information Association, Inc.)

A new class of chiral bifunctional imidazole catalysts has been designed and synthesized, utilizing economical amino alcohols as precursors, significantly expanding the diversity of N-1 position catalysts. These catalysts exhibit excellent substrate activation and stereoselectivity control and have been successfully employed in the asymmetric acylation of 5-hydroxy-furanones/3-hydroxy-phthalides through dynamic kinetic resolution, producing a series of chiral furanone and phthalide analogues featuring a quaternary stereocenter. This asymmetric acylation reaction exhibits excellent reactivity and enantioselectivity, has a wide range of applicability, requires a low catalyst loading, and can be readily converted into valuable building blocks. Moreover, DFT calculations revealed the detailed reaction mechanism and demonstrated that the weak N-H···O and C-H···O interactions between the catalyst and substrate are the key factors affecting the stereoselectivity.

This study developed a novel PET radiotracer to screen breast cancer patients sensitive to CDK4/6 inhibitors, guiding personalized treatment. Two CDK4/6-targeting precursors were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo . Three breast cancer cell lines─MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468─were selected based on decreasing sensitivity to palbociclib. Compared to [ 68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Hexa-CDKi, [ 68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Bua-CDKi clearly identified cell lines with high sensitivity to palbociclib. PET/CT imaging showed significantly higher uptake of [ 68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Bua-CDKi (8.40 ± 0.85%ID/g) in MCF-7 tumors 60 min after tracer injection, with significant differences in tumor uptake among the three models ( P < 0.05). Blocking assays demonstrated specific tumor uptake of [ 68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Bua-CDKi. Biosafety tests validated its safety as a diagnostic agent. [ 68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Bua-CDKi showed highly specific targeting of CDK4/6 and effective contrast imaging in tumor models. To our knowledge, [ 68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Bua-CDKi is one of the first radiotracers to assess CDK inhibitor sensitivity, offering promise for evaluating patient responses to CDK4/6 inhibitors.

The application of apoptotic extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs) derived from stem cell in skin wound healing has garnered significant attention. In recent decades, scholars have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) established intercellular communication by carrying proteins or microRNAs, the role of lipids in EVs in wound healing has yet to be clarified. Here, we focus on the key role of group X secretory phospholipase A 2 (sPLA 2 -X) in lipid metabolism. Specifically, sPLA 2 -X significantly increased the production of the anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, resolvin D5 (RvD5), by hydrolyzing phospholipids in ApoEVs. This change not only promoted the uptake of ApoEVs by macrophages, but also effectively inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in macrophages, promoting the healing of skin wounds. In summary, this study contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms by which ApoEVs support skin defect repair and offers a potential theoretical approach for using ApoEVs in skin wound treatment. With further research and optimization, it is expected that more efficient and secure ApoEVs-based treatment strategies will be developed, bringing new breakthroughs in clinical treatment of skin injuries and related diseases., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The Fourth Military Medical University Animal Use and Ethics Committee approved all animal experiments. Consent for publication: All authors have given their consent for publication. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Oxidative dimerization of π-conjugated molecules is a straightforward approach for effectively extending π-conjugation and absorption features. However, it is challenging to construct dimeric species of bulky π-conjugated frameworks because of the steric hindrances and/or poor regioselectivity. To address these issues, a pyrrole unit has been regioselectively appended to the α position of N-confused hexaphyrin (1.1.1.1.1.0) 1 by a facile acid-catalyzed condensation reaction, leading to the formation of pyrrole-appendant 2 . Subsequent oxidation of 2 yielded an inner-fused monomer 2F and two fused dimeric species, namely, (2F) 2 a and (2F) 2 b . In contrast, oxidation of the corresponding Ni(II) complex 2Ni generated dimer (2Ni) 2 . Subsequent demetalation resulted in the formation of bipyrrole-linked freebase dimer (2) 2 , which could chelate Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions to furnish complexes (2Ni) 2 and (2Cu) 2 , respectively. In comparison to the fused dimeric species (2F) 2 a and (2F) 2 b , the nonfused dimer (2) 2 and its complexes (2Ni) 2 and (2Cu) 2 exhibit diminished local aromaticity, narrowed HOMO-LUMO gaps, and a red-shifted absorption profile that extends up to 2200 nm. These findings underscore a potent strategy for creating expanded porphyrin dimers, wherein the aromaticity and near-infrared absorption can be fine-tuned by incorporating an appendant pyrrole unit.

Purpose: The provision of comfortable and safe environment for painless gastroscopy in obese patients is an urgent clinical problem. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of the novel Li anesthetic protocol for obesity (LAPO) which included remifentanil-propofol regimen, manual right hypochondrial compression (MRHC), easy-to-create mask, and jaw thrust at preoperative painless gastroscopy in obese patients., Patients and Methods: This prospective, single-center, single-arm trial recruited 106 participants underwent LAPO for gastroscopy. The primary outcome was the incidence of hypoxemia (peripheral oxygen saturation [SpO 2 ]: 75% ≤ SpO 2 <90%, for >10 s and ≤60 s). Second outcomes included severe hypoxemia, the lowest SpO 2 (L-SpO 2 ), duration of hypoxemia, and other events., Results: The 98 obese patients under LAPO, the median body mass index (BMI) was 39.2 kg/m 2 and the incidence of hypoxemia was 27.5%, while the conventional anesthetic protocol for obesity (CAPO) in the reference was 40.4% with BMI 31.4 kg/m 2 . With the increase of class of obesity, a significant rise in the incidence of hypoxemia was observed, from class I by 11.8%, to 15.1% in class II, and 41.7% in class III. Paired t test showed that the L-SpO 2 was significantly higher than L-SpO 2 in overnight polysomnography (Nadir SpO 2 ) (92% vs 76%, P<0.001). Moreover, severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was associated with a 4.019-fold higher risk of hypoxemia (Odds ratios [OR], 4.019; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.184 to 14.610; P=0.028); diabetes was associated with a 4.790-fold higher risk of hypoxemia (OR, 4.790; 95% CI, 1.288 to 23.600; P=0.030)., Conclusion: Compared with CAPO, LAPO reduced the incidence of hypoxemia from 40.4% to 27.5%, so, LAPO was safe and effective for painless gastroscopy. The finding might provide some new schedules for anesthetic management in the absence of advanced airway support instruments., Clinical Trial Registration: ChiCTR2300077889., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2025 Wang et al.)

Background: The relationship between mitral regurgitation (MR) and long-term outcomes in Chinese patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains scarce. This study aimed to elucidate the connection between MR and long-term clinical outcomes following AMI treated with PCI., Methods: In this retrospective study 6940 patients who were diagnosed with AMI were consecutively enrolled from General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (2014-2019). The included AMI patients were divided into no MR, mild MR and moderate/serve MR according to MR occurred. All patients were clinically followed for 3-year to collect major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), comprising all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), rehospitalization for angina, rehospitalization for heart failure (RHF), and stroke. Cox regression models were employed to analyze the association between MR and 3-year clinical outcomes after adjusting for various confounding factors., Results: Among the 6940 patients, 2871 (41.35%) exhibited no MR, 3681 (53.04%) had mild MR, and 388 (5.59%) had moderate/severe MR. The cumulative 3-year incidence of MACCEs was 19.21% overall, with rates of 15.26%, 20.37%, and 37.37% in the no MR, mild MR, and moderate/severe MR groups, respectively (log-rank p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival curves of MR with all-cause death and RHF were also plotted (log-rank p < 0.001 ). After controlling confounding variables completely, we found that moderate/severe MR compared to none MR was found to be significantly associated with 3-year MACCEs [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21-2.77; p = 0.0042 ], all-cause mortality (HR = 3.11; 95% CI = 1.75-5.50; p=0.001 ) and RHF (HR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.09-2.62; p= 0.019) through Cox proportional hazards regression models., Conclusion: MR significantly predicted 3-year clinical outcomes in AMI patients undergoing PCI, highlighting the need for physicians to prioritize MR assessment in clinical practice., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2025 Yan et al.)

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the genus Orthoflavivirus, and the family Flaviviridae. It commonly presents with febrile-like symptoms, neurological issues, and pregnancy complications in humans. Currently, there is no commercial vaccine or specific treatment available to prevent ZIKV infection. Therefore, controlling the epidemic's spread relies on preventing mosquitoes from transmitting the virus. Although various studies have explored the transmission of ZIKV between mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts, comprehensive research on potential mosquito-to-mosquito transmission of ZIKV remains limited. In this study, we conducted systematic laboratory investigations to assess the ability of ZIKV to spread among mosquitoes, and to evaluate the impact of ZIKV infection on mosquito development. Our findings revealed that ZIKV can be transmitted between Aedes aegypti mosquitoes both vertically and horizontally, through oviposition and contact between mosquitoes of the same or opposite sex. Additionally, we observed that ZIKV infection resulted in a reduction in the number of mosquito eggs but an increase in their size. The widespread distribution of ZIKV in infected mosquitoes and the altered levels of hormone related genes following viral infection were noted, which may contribute to viral transmission among mosquitoes and affect mosquito development. This research provides systematic experimental evidence of ZIKV transmission among mosquitoes, which is crucial for developing novel strategies to disrupt the spread of orthoflaviviruses and other mosquito-borne pathogens., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This study investigated the effects of freeze-thaw cycles (F-T cycles) on texture and protein digestive properties of scallop adductor muscles and the underlying mechanisms involved. Results showed that F-T cycles significantly increased free radical intensity of scallop adductor muscles and oxidation level of scallop protein. Simultaneously, the protein oxidative degradation occurred, as evidenced by increased levels of TCA-soluble peptides and water-soluble Hyp, which led to myofiber breakage and decreased textural properties. Nile Red staining showed that F-T cycles-induced oxidation promoted protein aggregation, which in turn reduced protein digestibility. Peptidomics analysis further showed that F-T cycles-induced oxidation altered the enzymatic cleavage sites in scallop protein, resulting in an increased abundance of macromolecular peptides (>2500 Da) and decreased release of bioactive peptides. These results highlight the role of protein oxidation in the deterioration of texture and protein digestibility of scallops during frozen storage, providing a basis for improving quality preservation strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The development of simple, efficient and economical catalysts for the hydrogenation of biomass to produce high value-added chemicals is of great significance in solving the energy crisis. In this work, a series of non-precious metal catalysts (Cu-Al 2 O 3 -ZnO) with different defect sites were prepared by etching Devarda's alloy. Under optimized mild reaction conditions, the furfural conversion and furfuryl alcohol selectivity are both greater than 99.0%, and the catalyst has good reusability. Characterisation and experiments were used to investigate the activate species for hydrogenation reaction. It can be proved that the low-valent Cu species in the Cu-Al 2 O 3 -ZnO catalysts play an important role as adsorption and dissociation sites for H 2 . Different etching degrees and sample reduction temperatures of the alloy can be used to adjust the content of acidic sites such as Al 2 O 3 and CuO, which have appropriate adsorption properties for furfural. ZnO promotes the dispersion of the Cu species and enhances the accessibility of the active sites. The etching method achieves the interaction between species to further enhance the stability and activity of the catalyst. The catalytic performance of the catalyst is very competitive and this study provides a new method for the efficient hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Decitabine (DAC), a well-recognized DNA hypomethylating agent, has been applied to treat acute myeloid leukemia. However, clinic investigations revealed that DNA methylation reduction does not correlate with a clinical response, and relapse is prevalent. To gain a better understanding of its anti-tumor mechanism, we perform a temporally resolved CRISPR-Cas9 screen to identify factors governing the DAC response. We show that DNA damage generated by DNMT-DNA adducts and 5-aza-dUTP misincorporation through the dCMP deaminase DCTD act as drivers of DAC-induced acute cytotoxicity. The DNA damage that arises during the next S phase is dependent on DNA replication, unveiling a trans-cell cycle effect of DAC on genome stability. By exploring candidates for synthetic lethality, we unexpectedly uncover that KDM1A promotes survival after DAC treatment through interactions with ZMYM3 and CoREST, independent of its demethylase activity or regulation of viral mimicry. These findings emphasize the importance of DNA repair pathways in DAC response and provide potential biomarkers., Competing Interests: Disclosure and competing interests statement. The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Fatty acid composition (FA) is an important indicator of meat quality in beef cattle. We investigated potential functional candidate genes for FA in beef cattle by integrating genomic and transcriptomic dataset through multiple strategies. In this study, we observed 65 SNPs overlapping with five candidate genes (CCDC57, FASN, HDAC11, ALG14, and ZMAT4) using two steps association based on the imputed sequencing variants. Using multiple traits GWAS, we further identified three significant SNPs located in the upstream of FASN and one SNP (chr19:50779529) was embedded in FASN. Of those, two SNPs were further identified as the cis-eQTL based on transcriptomic analysis of muscle tissues. Moreover, the knockdown of FASN yielded a significant reduction in intracellular triglyceride content in preadipocytes and impeded lipid droplet accumulation in adipocytes. RNA-seq analysis of preadipocytes with FASN interference revealed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in cell differentiation and lipid metabolic pathway. Our study underscored the indispensable role of FASN in orchestrating adipocyte differentiation, and fatty acid metabolism. The integrative analysis with multiple strategies may contribute to the understanding of the genetic architecture of FA in farm animals., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Reynoutria japonica has been utilized as a potential treatment for gastrointestinal disorders in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). However, the efficacy and mechanism of its aqueous extracts on damp-heat ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear., Aim of the Study: Investigating the modulating effect of aqueous extracts of Reynoutria japonica (AERJ) on gut microbiota and fecal metabolisms in mice with damp-heat UC., Methods: UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used for the compositional characterization of the AERJ. BALB/c mice were used as a model for establishing damp-heat UC. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) method were conducted to observe the pathological changes in the colon. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for quantitative analysis of relevant physiological indicators. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to detect changes in gut microbiota in mice. In addition, metabolomics analysis was performed on mice feces. Finally, the aforementioned indicators underwent correlation analysis., Results: Seven components within the AERJ were qualitatively identified by chromatographic analysis. The AERJ alleviated the symptoms in damp-heat UC mice, suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors, attenuated mucosal damage, improved water-fluid metabolism, and regulated the gut microbiota composition. Differential metabolites in feces were mainly enriched in the amino acid metabolic pathway, and AERJ was able to upregulate the expression levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Meanwhile, the present study found that physiological indicators were significantly correlated with both the gut microbiota and SCFAs., Conclusion: AERJ showed significant therapeutic effects on damp-heat UC mice, and its mechanism of action may be related to altering the composition of gut microbiota, regulating amino acid metabolism and the content of SCFAs and thus restoring the mucosal integrity and inflammatory response., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Although therapeutic proteins have achieved recognized clinical success, they are inherently membrane impermeable, which limits them to acting only on extracellular or membrane-associated targets. Developing an efficient protein delivery method will provide a unique opportunity for intracellular target-related therapeutic proteins. In this review article, we summarize the different pathways by which cells take up proteins. These pathways fall into two main categories: One in which proteins are transported directly across the cell membrane and the other through endocytosis. At the same time, important features to ensure successful delivery through these pathways are highlighted. We then provide a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in the transduction of covalent protein modifications, such as coupling cell-penetrating motifs and supercharging, as well as the use of nanocarriers to mediate protein transport, such as liposomes, polymers, and inorganic nanoparticles. Finally, we emphasize the existing challenges of cytoplasmic protein delivery and provide an outlook for future progress., (© 2025 The Author(s). Chemistry & Biodiversity published by Wiley‐VHCA AG.)

High-performance catalysts for the selective catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S-SCO) are required to achieve the conversion of hazardous H 2 S into harmless and valuable sulfur for environmental protection and resource utilization. Herein, three different morphologies of Fe 3 O 4 were synthesized and used for H 2 S-SCO. Octahedral Fe 3 O 4 dominated by {111} crystal facets exhibited excellent performance for H 2 S-SCO with an H 2 S conversion of ∼ 100 % and a sulfur selectivity exceeding 94.5 % in stability tests at 150 °C over 60 h. The {111} crystal facets provided weakly to moderately basic sites to promote H 2 S adsorption and dissociation, as well as abundant oxygen vacancies (OVs) due to lower OV formation energies on this facet, which significantly enhanced the oxidation performance of the catalyst. By revealing the promotions of OVs and basic sites, the relationship between the {111} crystal facets of Fe 3 O 4 and the performance in the H 2 S-SCO was clarified. This study provides new insights into the design of efficient and stable Fe-based catalysts for the conversion of hazardous H 2 S from blast furnace gas into valuable sulfur., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Rationale: Salivary gland ductal carcinoma (SDC) is a rare malignant tumor of the head and neck, accounting for 1% to 3% of salivary gland malignancy. SDC usually occurs in parotid gland, has a high malignancy degree, poor prognosis, and is prone to distant metastasis. In particular, intracranial metastasis accompanied by multiple cranial nerve lesions is very rare, and early diagnosis is difficult, which easily leads to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of SDC face major challenges. We report a unique case of SDC, which initially presented with progressive facial paralysis followed by progressive intracranial metastases and multiple cranial nerve lesions. After surgery and pathological examination, SDC was finally diagnosed., Patient Concerns: A previously healthy 53-year-old male with persistent facial paralysis gradually developed symptoms of ipsilateral multiple cranial nerve lesions, and was hospitalized 8 months after onset., Diagnoses: Brain magnetic resonance imaging enhancement showed multiple irregular intracranial T1 and T2 with uneven signal intensity. Brain computed tomography showed intracranial space-occupying lesions, the largest of which was about 55 × 42 × 38 mm, with extensive bone destruction. Pathological findings showed malignant cell mass in the left temporal lobe tumor. Immunohistochemical: (++), CK7(+++), AR(++), Brg-1(+), Her-2(2+), Ki67(+, approximately 80%), consistent with high-grade ductal carcinoma, considering salivary gland origin. The final diagnosis was SDC., Interventions: The space-occupying lesions in the left cavernous sinus region and temporal lobe were partially resected. Local radiotherapy was recommended, but the patient refused., Outcomes: Postoperative symptoms did not improve significantly. Follow-up after 4 months showed no improvement in the extensive cranial nerve lesions on the left side., Lessons: In clinical practice, in the face of persistent facial palsy symptoms that gradually spread to other cranial nerves, the possibility of secondary facial nerve injury and malignant salivary gland tumors, especially SDC, cannot be easily ruled out even if imaging studies do not reveal any space-occupying intracranial lesions. Through the comprehensive use of imaging, pathology and immunohistochemistry and other diagnostic methods, the early detection and accurate diagnosis of SDC can be achieved, so as to provide the best treatment strategy for patients and improve the prognosis., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2025 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

With the advancement of science and technology, effectively addressing the issue of heat dissipation in electronic equipment has become a key research topic. Polymers have attracted attention due to their low price, excellent flexibility, and lightweight characteristics, but thermal conductivity has a limitation. In this work, aiming for all-polymer composites with lightweight and high thermal conductivity, poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers were used to construct a long-range ordered heat transfer path in the organosilicon matrix, and an all-organic composite material with a low density of 1.24 g cm -3 and thermal conductivity of 18.44 W/ (m K) was produced. At the same time, the composite material was applied to the cooling performance test of LED lamps, which was 4.8 °C lower than advanced commercial thermal conductive materials, demonstrating its potential in the field of thermal management materials.

Background: Exosomes derived from pre-stimulated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have improved therapeutic effects in disease-associated microenvironments. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of exosomes from MSCs stimulated with plasma from patients with liver failure (LF-Exos)., Methods: Untreated exosomes (NC-Exos) and LF-Exos were extracted and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blotting, and miRNA sequencing. We then examined the protective effects of LF-Exos on hepatocytes acutely injured by D-galactosamine (D-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) co-treatment and on a mouse model of acute liver failure (ALF). Apoptosis was assessed using the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Liver tissue damage was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. The levels of signaling pathway proteins were determined by western blotting., Results: Stimulation with plasma from patients with liver failure significantly altered the morphology of MSCs and reduced their proliferative activity. Gene chip analysis identified 31 differentially expressed miRNAs, and further analysis showed that these differentially expressed miRNAs may affect the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Compared to NC-Exos, LF-Exos induced AKT phosphorylation in hepatocytes and liver tissues, inhibited D-GalN/LPS-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes, and reduced pathological liver injury in the mouse model of ALF., Conclusion: The biological effects of Exos were improved after stimulation with plasma from patients with liver failure. LF-Exos may inhibit the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome and activate the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to exert protective effects on acutely injured hepatocytes and a mouse model of ALF., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital (Title: “Study of a new protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of severe hepatitis B (liver failure) with immunomodulatory therapy”; grant number: 2019086D; date of approval: 09/25/2020). Written informed consent was obtained from the patients or their first relative if they could not provide informed consent themselves. National Engineering Research Center of Cell Products, AmCellGene Engineering Co., Ltd Tianjin China have initial ethical approval for collection of human cells, and that the donors had signed informed consent. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no financial conflicts of interest., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus of the Lentivirus genus, targets CD4 + T cells, causing immune dysfunction and AIDS. Approximately 8% of the human genome consists of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), ancient retroviral remnants that may interact with HIV. Despite antiretroviral therapy, challenges such as drug resistance, poor immune reconstitution (PIR), and reservoirs remain. This GEM discusses the impact of HIV on HERVs, the potential roles of HERVs in PIR and reservoirs, and provides insights into future research directions.

We disclose herein a chiral phosphoric-acid-catalyzed enantioselective addition reaction of alcohols to fluoroalkylated biaryl 1,3-oxoazepines, which furnished a wide range of bridged biaryls bearing a fluoroalkylated quaternary carbon stereocenter on the seven-membered ring in high yields (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee). Our method can be used for the modification of several natural products and bioactive molecules. Preliminary studies revealed that the products obtained in this reaction exhibit good in vitro bioactivities against two plant pathogens.

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is the primary cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, comprehensive studies on the related risk factors with PE and its effects on adverse perinatal outcomes are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and adverse perinatal outcomes in Chinese women with preeclampsia., Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019, which enrolled 38,496 women without preeclampsia (non-PE) and 1130 women with PE. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the risk factors and adverse perinatal outcomes of PE., Results: Multivariate logistic regression models showed that maternal age > 35 years, pp-BMI overweight/obesity, excessive gestational weight gain, multiparity, twin pregnancy, IVF, cesarean section history, times of abortion history ≥ 2, GDM, and ICP were significantly associated with the risk of PE (all P < 0.05). Women with PE in singleton pregnancies were associated with an increased risk of maternal outcomes of cesarean section, and preterm birth, and a higher risk of neonatal outcomes of stillbirth, low birth weight, fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia, and neonatal unit admission, which were also observed in women with PE in twin pregnancies, except for stillbirth and neonatal asphyxia., Conclusion: This study identified the risk factors and associated adverse perinatal outcomes of PE, which providing comprehensive evidence for clinicians to manage women at risk of PE., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the hospital approved this study protocol (approval no: IRB-20230095-R). Consent for publication: All authors consented for this study’s publication. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Controlling the suitable light, temperature, and water is essential for plant photosynthesis. While greenhouses/warm-houses are effective in cold or dry climates by creating warm, humid environments, a cool-house that provides a cool local environment with minimal energy and water consumption is highly desirable but has yet to be realized in hot, water-scarce regions. Here, using a synergistic genetic algorithm and machine learning, we propose and demonstrate a coolhouse film that regulates temperature and water for photosynthesis without requiring additional energy or water. This scalable film, selected from hundreds of potential designs, selectively and precisely transmits sunlight needed for photosynthesis while reflecting excess heat, thereby reducing thermal load and evapotranspiration. Its optical properties also exhibit weak angle dependence. In demonstrations in subtropical and arid regions, the film reduces temperatures by 5-17 °C and cuts water loss by half, resulting in more than doubled biomass yield and survival rates. It also improves crop resistance to heat and drought in greenhouse cultivation. The integration of machine learning and photonics provides a powerful toolkit for designing photonic structures and devices aimed at sustainability., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Plasmonic nanoantennas, which support surface plasmon resonances enabling the concentration of electromagnetic energy into subwavelength volumes, have emerged as versatile tools for a wide range of applications. However, achieving high-resolution near-field imaging with polarization and temporal sensitivity remains a significant challenge. In this work, we present a novel nonlinear optical microscopy technique based on degenerate four-wave mixing to enable spectrum- and polarization-resolved near-field imaging of plasmonic nanoantennas. By using a mid-infrared pump and near-infrared probe, we capture detailed spatial distributions of plasmon-enhanced near-field intensity and polarization characteristics, revealing distinct polarization patterns and frequency-dependent enhancements. Our method enables the observation of resonance-induced spectral shifts and subwavelength spatial resolution, offering valuable insights into plasmonic field behaviors, particularly in the mid-infrared range. This approach provides a powerful tool for exploring and understanding the complexities of plasmonic nanostructures, with significant potential for advancing nano-optics applications.

Background: Long-term severe cholangitis can lead to dense adhesions and increased fragility of the bile duct, complicating surgical procedures and elevating operative risk in children with pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM). Consequently, preoperative diagnosis of moderate-to-severe chronic cholangitis is essential for guiding treatment strategies and surgical planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a deep learning radiomics nomogram (DLRN) based on contrast-enhanced CT images and clinical characteristics to preoperatively identify moderate-to-severe chronic cholangitis in children with PBM., Methods: A total of 323 pediatric patients with PBM who underwent surgery were retrospectively enrolled from three centers, and divided into a training cohort (n = 153), an internal validation cohort (IVC, n = 67), and two external test cohorts (ETC1, n = 58; ETC2, n = 45). Chronic cholangitis severity was determined by postoperative pathology. Handcrafted radiomics features and deep learning (DL) radiomics features, extracted using transfer learning with the ResNet50 architecture, were obtained from portal venous-phase CT images. Multivariable logistic regression was used to establish the DLRN, integrating significant clinical factors with handcrafted and DL radiomics signatures. The diagnostic performances were evaluated in terms of discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness., Results: Biliary stones and peribiliary fluid collection were selected as important clinical factors. 5 handcrafted and 5 DL features were retained to build the two radiomics signatures, respectively. The integrated DLRN achieved satisfactory performance, achieving area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.913 (95% CI, 0.834-0.993), 0.916 (95% CI, 0.845-0.987), and 0.895 (95% CI, 0.801-0.989) in the IVC, and two ETCs, respectively. In comparison, the clinical model, handcrafted signature, and DL signature had AUC ranges of 0.654-0.705, 0.823-0.857, and 0.840-0.872 across the same cohorts. The DLRN outperformed single-modality clinical, handcrafted radiomics, and DL radiomics models, with all integrated discrimination improvement values > 0 and P < 0.05. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curves showed good consistency of the DLRN (P > 0.05), and the decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve further confirmed its clinical utility., Conclusions: The integrated DLRN can be a useful and non-invasive tool for preoperatively identifying moderate-to-severe chronic cholangitis in children with PBM, potentially enhancing clinical decision-making and personalized management strategies., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of each participating center, which waived the informed consent requirement because of the retrospective nature of the study and minimal risk to participants. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Massively parallel sequencing (MPS), a well-established strategy for forensic DNA profiling, enables the simultaneous sequencing of multiple targeted loci of multiple samples at a single-base resolution with high coverage. In this study, we developed a novel typing system by combining solution-based hybrid capture methods with MPS to target as many as 107 short tandem repeats (STRs) and 292 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Han Chinese population. Completely accurate and concordant STR genotypes were obtained when compared to typing results generated from conventional capillary electrophoresis analysis, with six loci exhibiting inferior performance due to allele dropout or even locus dropout. The locus detection success reached 85.2 % for STRs at a DNA input of 10 ng and 95.61 % for SNPs at a DNA input of 5 ng. Mixture studies substantiated the considerable potential of our system in identifying minor contributor alleles at both STR and SNP loci. Additionally, the system demonstrated full inferential abilities in distinguishing first-degree kinship from unrelated individual pairs and achieved significant effectiveness of 99.78 % and 80.2 % for the identification of second- and third-degree kinship, respectively. These findings indicated that our novel typing system is highly discriminative and informative when used in the Han Chinese population and would be highly efficient for use in paternity testing and complex kinship analysis., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The cut branches of Ilex verticillata are highly ornamental and have high economic value. Since its introduction to China, it has received widespread attention. In the context of climate change today, ensuring its promotion and sustainable production in China is of great significance. In this study we evaluated the habitat suitability of the species using MaxEnt, combined with climate and soil variables, to assess the impact of climate change on its potential suitable habitat. We used 121 I. verticillata occurrence data and validated the model prediction using extensive field testing (12 test sites located in areas from 23.19° N to 42.91° N and 76.17° E to 125.14° E). The habitat suitability model (AUC = 0.854) performed well. Among them, three precipitation variables and one temperature variable were the main factors determining the distribution of I. verticillata in China. Field trial tests and model predictions of the suitability of I. verticillata were consistent, indicating that our model predictions are biologically meaningful and economically valuable. Under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) climate change scenario, the high and medium suitable habitats for this species will be reduced in the future climate. This study helps to better understand the impact of climate change on I. verticillata and provides suggestions for the introduction and cultivation areas and protection of this species in China., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2025 Yin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Excessive temperatures can significantly impair the service life and performance of electronic devices, making the cooling of such devices an increasingly critical issue. This Communication introduces for the first time a three-dimensional hydrogel designed for effective thermal management. The heat from the gateway equipment is absorbed through the desorption of water molecules within the composite hygroscopic material (SHM) encapsulated in the gel, leading to a remarkable cooling effect. Additionally, the material's spontaneous adsorption capability enables self-recovery. Under conditions of 80% relative humidity and at a voltage of 5.5 V, 0.35 g of hygroscopic material (with a 5% content) has demonstrated a significant cooling effect, achieving a temperature reduction of up to 11.5 °C. This represents a substantial advancement compared to traditional phase change materials (PCM). The approach holds broad application prospects for the future.

Relaxor ferroelectric (RFE) films represent promising candidates for high-performance energy storage applications for miniaturized electronic devices and power systems. However, achieving substantial energy storage performance always involves complex component or structural design. Herein, we employed a nanocomposite approach to obtain ultrahigh-efficiency and robust energy density in simple BaTiO 3 -based lead-free films. Our lead-free composition of simple (1-x)BaTiO 3 -xCeO 2 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) contains only four elements (Ba, Ti, Ce and O). The incorporation of stiff and insulating CeO 2 nanocomposites within BaTiO 3 matrix could disrupt the long-range-ordered micrometer-size domains into short-range-ordered nanodomains. This disruption suppresses hysteresis and delays polarization of BaTiO 3 films. Combined with the enhanced breakdown strength, this formulation yielded an ultrahigh efficiency of ≈90% and a robust energy density of 45 ± 3 J cm -3 at CeO 2 contents of x = 0.3 and 0.4. Meanwhile, these two films with x = 0.3 and 0.4 exhibit superior frequency (50 Hz to 2 kHz) and thermal stability (20 °C to 120 °C), demonstrating stable energy storage performance. The proposed strategy opens up a new avenue for designing high-performance nanocomposite films by incorporating stiff secondary phase embedded in BaTiO 3 or even linear SrTiO 3 dielectrics., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), a simple, objective index for evaluating nutritional status of elderly patients, is demonstrated to be associated with the prognosis of several diseases. This study aims to explore the association between GNRI and prognosis of elderly aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients. A total of 168 patients older than 65 years old were included in this research. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was applied to assess the prognosis of patients. Favorable outcome was defined as mRS <3 and unfavorable outcome was defined as mRS ≥ 3. The GNRI, calculated by albumin, height, and weight, was used to evaluate the nutritional status of elderly patients. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the association between GNRI and prognosis of elderly aSAH patients. Compared with unfavorable outcome groups, favorable outcome group had higher GNRI level. After adjusting for several important factors, multivariate logistics regression analysis showed that low GNRI was associated with higher risk of unfavorable outcome. The receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.720, which meant GNRI might be a reliable prognostic predictor. A low GNRI was independently associated with unfavorable outcome of elderly aSAH patients. The registration number is NCT04785976 and the registration data is February 2021., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Beijing Tiantan Hospital on 2021–02 − 01 (KY 2021–008 − 01). Procedures were followed in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional or regional) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975. Consent to participate: All patients included in this study (unconscious patients’ data were recorded under the consensus of the relatives) provided written informed consent. Consent for publication: None. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Defect engineering critically influences metal oxide catalysis, yet controlling coordinatively unsaturated metal sites remains challenging due to their inherent instability under reaction conditions. Here, we demonstrate that high-flux argon ion (Ar + ) irradiation above recrystallization temperatures generated well-defined coordinatively unsaturated Zn (CUZ) sites on ZnO(101̅0) surfaces that exhibited enhanced stability and activity for CO hydrogenation. Combining low-temperature scanning probe microscopy, ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and surface-ligand infrared spectroscopy with density functional theory calculations, we identified <12̅10> step edges exposing CUZ sites as the dominant active sites. These sites facilitate hydrogen-assisted CO dissociation through a mechanism distinct from formate-mediated pathways on stoichiometric ZnO. The ion-irradiation approach effectively addressed instability of Zn species, a major problem in ZnO catalysis, enabling stable performance in syngas conversion when combined with zeolites. Our atomic scale investigation provided spectroscopic fingerprints for active sites on the ZnO catalyst and insights into the structure-activity relationships of ZnO for CO hydrogenation. Our approach for engineering thermally stable defect sites in oxide catalysts provided opportunities for rational catalyst design beyond traditional preparation methods.

Methyl salicylate (MeSA), known as phloem-based mobile signal, has been identified as undesirable volatile compounds for tomato fruits due to its medicinal and wintergreen aroma properties. However, the response of most volatile compounds to endogenous MeSA are still unclarified. In this work, we found the concentration of MeSA can be regulated by salicylic acid methyl esterase 1 (SlMES1). We used CRISPR/Cas9 and GC-MS strategies to investigate the effect of SlMES1 on the biosynthesis of flavor compounds during tomato fruit ripening. Our results showed that the loss of function of SlMES1 significantly increased the MeSA content by altering the flux of MeSA and SA interconversion. Although the increased endogenous MeSA did not affect the fruit ripening process, it altered the concentration and proportion of fruit volatiles, mainly reducing the concentration of soluble sugar and volatile substances derived from amino acids and carotenoids. Additionally, the reduction of soluble sugars and volatiles was associated with downregulated the gene encoding Sucrose synthase (SuSy), Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and β - Carotene hydroxylase (CHY-β) when compared with control. Taken together, SlMES1 plays a crucial role in regulating the MeSA content during fruit ripening and could become a breeding target for improving fruit flavor quality., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

AT-rich interacting domain containing respectively protein 1 A (ARID1A), a key member of the SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex, has been shown to play an important role in various physiological processes and diseases including female reproductive tumors, such as ovarian cancer and breast cancer. In addition to the studies regarding ARID1A expression and function in cancer, recent findings elucidate its important role in maintaining normal tissue homeostasis and cell differentiation by controlling chromatin remodeling and transcription factors recruitment. In the context of human pregnancy, ARID1A has been implicated in several pregnancy-related complications, including gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. This review examines the current research on the role of ARID1A in pregnancy, highlighting its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for these complications. Understanding the involvement of ARID1A in placental function and pregnancy-related disorders may provide valuable insights for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Vat photopolymerization (VP) elastomers show great promise across various fields, yet they face significant challenges in achieving adequate mechanical strength, elasticity, and durability due to incomplete polymerization and weak interfacial bonding between printed layers. In this study, we introduce high-performance poly(urethane-urea) elastomers (PUEs) utilizing a dual cross-linked network (DCN) strategy compatible with VP 3D printing. This innovative approach enhances mechanical properties by incorporating multiple hydrogen-bonded urethane and urea groups. The presence of multiple hydrogen bonds facilitates energy dissipation under external mechanical stress and improves interfacial interlocking, while the covalent cross-linked network provides stability and flexibility during deformation. The resulting elastomer exhibits a tensile strength of 28.30 ± 1.10 MPa, a recovery strain of approximately 300%, and a fracture energy of 22.90 ± 4.20 kJ m -2 . As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the rapid fabrication of 3D-printed stents with intricate architectures, outstanding load-bearing capabilities, and excellent biocompatibility. This strategy not only paves the way for the development of mechanically robust, complex-structured PUEs but also broadens their application scope in engineering and biomedical fields.

Background: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of rezivertinib (BPI-7711) and gefitinib as first-line therapies in patients with EGFR-mutated locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)., Methods: This multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study (REZOR) included eligible patients from 50 hospitals across China. Those who had been histologically or cytologically confirmed as having NSCLC with EGFR exon 19 deletion or exon 21 Leu858Arg mutation by central laboratory were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive once daily either rezivertinib 180 mg or gefitinib 250 mg, until unacceptable toxicity occurred, disease progression, or other treatment discontinuation criteria were met. Each cycle lasted for 21 days. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival evaluated by masked independent central review (MICR) in the intention-to-treat set. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03866499 and follow-up is ongoing., Findings: Between July 15, 2019, and Feb 14, 2022, 695 patients were screened. Among them, 369 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive either rezivertinib 180 mg/day plus placebo (n=184) or gefitinib 250 mg/day plus placebo (n=185) in a 1:1 ratio; all of eligible participants were included in the intention-to-treat set. Median MICR-assessed progression-free survival was 19·3 months (95% CI 13·8-22·1) in the rezivertinib group and 9·6 months (8·4-11·3) in the gefitinib group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·48, 95% CI 0·36-0·63; p<0·0001) and the prespecified subgroup efficacy analysis showed consistent results. Median duration of exposure was 16·0 months (95% CI 0·0-29·7) in the rezivertinib group and 11·0 months (0·0-28·9) in the gefitinib group. Grade 3 or higher treatment-emergent adverse events (82 [45%] of 184 in the rezivertinib group; 80 [43%] of 185 in the gefitinib group) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs; 43 [23%] of 184 in the rezivertinib group; 43 [23%] of 185 in the gefitinib group) were similar in both groups. One patient died from a TRAE in the rezivertinib group, due to pneumonia and interstitial lung disease., Interpretation: Our findings suggested that rezivertinib is a potential choice for patients with EGFR-mutated locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC as first-line therapy, owing to the superior overall efficacy and subgroup progression-free survival compared with gefitinib in targeted patients. No new safety signals were identified., Funding: Beta Pharma (Shanghai) and the China National Science and Technology Major Project for Key New Drug Development., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests DZ and JP are employees of Beta Pharma (Princeton, NJ, USA). HS, FG, TW, and AZ are employees of Beta Pharma (Shanghai, China). All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.)