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Abstract Background Postoperative refracture of osteoporotic compression fractures in the elderly due to underlying illnesses is a complicated matter involving several variables. A multidisciplinary approach involving orthopedics, geriatrics, endocrinology, and rehabilitation medicine is necessary for an investigation of these issues. investigating the impact of older patients’ underlying medical conditions on the refracture of osteoporotic compression fractures following surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2383 patients between August 2013 and August 2023. 550 patients with comorbid geriatric underlying diseases were screened, 183 patients underwent refractories, and 367 patients were classified as non-refractories. The patients were then divided into two groups: those undergoing refractories and those not, and the underlying diseases of the patients in both groups were examined using ROC curves and unifactorial and multifactorial logistic regression analyses. Results Among the patients gathered, the frequency of re-fracture was 33.3%. A statistically significant difference was observed when re-fracture was linked to patients with long-term alcohol consumption, operated vertebrae ≤ 1, hypertension, COPD, diabetes mellitus, stroke sequelae, conservative treatment of coronary heart disease, trauma, mental abnormality, scoliosis, and chronic renal disease. Having hypertension decreased the risk of re-fracture (P = 0.018, OR = 0.548), while alcohol intake ≥ 10years (P = 0.003, OR = 2.165), mental abnormality (P

We research the mutual correlation and chaotic behavior in phantom Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes based mainly on shock wave geometry. In the static background of the phantom spacetime, by analyzing mutual correlation, we find out that the greater the phantom dark energy parameter is, the smaller the mutual correlation becomes, which implies phantom dark energy can destroy bilateral correlation of the two sub-regions from the AdS boundary. In the dynamic background, the results show that, the greater the applied energy perturbation is, the smaller the mutual correlation becomes. Especially, the bigger the phantom dark energy is exerted, the faster the mutual correlation destroys. This is similar to the butterfly effect of chaos theory.

Lyophyllum consists of rare edible and medicinal mushrooms. Considering this group’s economic and ecological significance, understanding its biodiversity could be strategically important. Our analysis involved an extensive examination of publicly available ITS sequences from NCBI-GenBank and fungal amplicon sequencing data obtained from NCBI-SRA. At a 98% sequence similarity level, we deliminated 88 Lyophyllum OTUs, 49 of which were not categorized as ‘known species’. The diversity of Lyophyllum is predominantly concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere and tends to display endemic distribution, and Europe is particularly notable for its high diversity of Lyophyllum. Given the escalating volume of data produced by amplicon sequencing, employing the amplicon dataset can facilitate an accurate survey of species diversity in Lyophyllum taxonomy. By using data from amplicon datasets, the fieldwork time and research funding for taxonomists can be saved, thereby significantly advancing the progress of the entire field of biodiversity research.

A new myxomycete species, Didymium arenosum, was described based on morphological evidence and phylogenetic analyses. The species was discovered in the arid region at the confluence of the Badain Jaran desert and Tengger desert on the leaves of Betula platyphylla and was cultivated in a moist chamber culture. Morphologically, the species is distinguished by the greenish-yellow calcium carbonate crystals on the surface and the spores covered with small warts, some of which are connected into a short line. A phylogenetic analysis of D. arenosum strongly supports its classification as a separate clade. The spore to spore agar culture of D. arenosum requires 23 days, and this study provides a detailed description of its life cycle.

Owing to their low viscosity, low corrosion risk, and low cost, ultralow-concentration electrolytes for rechargeable alkali-metal-ion batteries have received much research interest. Herein, we report an ultralow-concentration electrolyte (<0.1 M) for K-ion batteries (KIBs). Using the electrolyte with only 0.05 M potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) in ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) as an example, we found that KIBs with this ultralow-concentration electrolyte could deliver considerable electrochemical performance over a wide range of temperature (0–60 °C). The delivered specific capacities and cycling performances of KIBs with 0.05 M and 1.0 M electrolytes were almost equivalent when tested at 25 °C and 60 °C. Moreover, when tested at 0 °C, KIBs with 0.05 M electrolyte could even deliver a higher specific capacity and initial coulombic efficiency than those with 1.0 M electrolyte. The formation of a KF inorganic component in the solid electrolyte interphase layer for this ultralow-concentration electrolyte could facilitate the transfer of K+ ions and favor electrode stability. This work sheds light on the development of ultralow-concentration electrolytes for rechargeable alkali-metal-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have advanced the therapeutic landscape for malignant melanoma patients. However, they can cause permanent and irreversible dermatologic immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) that may lead to interruption of ICI treatment or become life‐threatening. To assess the risk of severe dermatologic irAEs (grade 3 or higher) among ICIs for advanced melanoma, we conducted a network meta‐analysis (NMA). Methods: Phase II/III randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) involving ICIs were retrieved from various databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. These trials were published from the inception of databases to October 15, 2022. In addition, the risk of severe dermatologic irAEs associated with ICI types and doses was evaluated and compared by NMA. Results: This study included 20 Phase II/III RCTs with a total of 10 575 patients. The results indicated that ICIs carry a higher risk of severe dermatologic irAEs compared to chemotherapy. Additionally, the combinational therapy of Nivolumab + Ipilimumab was associated with a higher risk than ICI monotherapy. Comparatively, the latest treatment option involving dual ICI therapy with Relatlimab + Nivolumab showed a lower toxicity risk, but higher than Ipilimumab alone. Lastly, Nivolumab, at a dose of 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks, was observed as the lowest‐risk dosing regimen for severe dermatologic irAEs in patients with advanced melanoma. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Nivolumab (1 mg/kg) + Ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) administered every 3 weeks should be used cautiously in patients with advanced melanoma at high risk for dermatologic irAEs. While we recommend the preferred regimen of Nivolumab (dose = 3 mg/kg, every 2 weeks). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Suidae family, warthogs show significant survival adaptability and trait specificity. This study offers a comparative genomic analysis between the warthog and other Suidae species, including the Luchuan pig, Duroc pig, and Red River hog. By integrating the four genomes with sequences from the other four species, we identified 8868 single-copy orthologous genes. Based on 8868 orthologous protein sequences, phylogenetic assessments highlighted divergence timelines and unique evolutionary branches within suid species. Warthogs exist on different evolutionary branches compared to DRCs and LCs, with a divergence time preceding that of DRC and LC. Contraction and expansion analyses of warthog gene families have been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of their evolutionary adaptations. Using GO, KEGG, and MGI databases, warthogs showed a preference for expansion in sensory genes and contraction in metabolic genes, underscoring phenotypic diversity and adaptive evolution direction. Associating genes with the QTLdb-pigSS11 database revealed links between gene families and immunity traits. The overlap of olfactory genes in immune-related QTL regions highlighted their importance in evolutionary adaptations. This work highlights the unique evolutionary strategies and adaptive mechanisms of warthogs, guiding future research into the distinct adaptability and disease resistance in pigs, particularly focusing on traits such as resistance to African Swine Fever Virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The threats to the safety of humans and the environment and the resistance of agricultural chemicals to plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria highlight an urgent need to find safe and efficient alternatives to chemical fungicides and bactericides. In this study, a series of Berberine (BBR) derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity against plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria., Results: Bioassay results indicated that compounds A11, A14, A20, A21, A22, A25, A26, E1, E2, E3, Z1 and Z2 showed high inhibitory activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea. Especially, A25 showed a broad spectrum and the highest antifungal activity among these compounds. Its EC 50 value against Botrytis cinerea was 1.34 μg mL -1 . Compound E6 possessed high inhibitory activity against Xanthomonas oryzae and Xanthomonas Campestris, with MIC 90 values of 3.12 μg mL -1 and 1.56 μg mL -1 . A Topomer CoMFA model was generated for 3D-QSAR studies based on anti-B. cinerea effects, with high predictive accuracy, showed that the addition of an appropriate substituent group at the para-position of benzyl of BBR derivatives could effectively improve the anti-B. cinerea activity. In addition, compound A25 could significantly inhibit the spore germination of Botrytis cinerea at low concentration, and compound F4 exhibited remarkable curative and protective efficiencies on rice bacterial leaf blight., Conclusion: This study indicates that the BBR derivatives are hopeful for further exploration as the lead compound with novel antimicrobial agents. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.)

Objective: To establish and validate a clinical prediction model of acupuncture and moxibustion for Bell's palsy so as to provide a tool for predicting the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on Bell's palsy., Methods: A total of 269 patients with Bell's palsy were collected from department of acupuncture, moxibustion and tuina, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, neurology department, Shenxian County Central Hospital and department of rehabilitation medicine, Dongying Municipal Hospital of TCM from June 2018 to June 2023. All of these cases were treated with acupuncture and moxibustion. Of them, 182 cases, from department of acupuncture, moxibustion and tuina, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital and neurology department, Shenxian County Central Hospital, were randomized into a training group (128 cases) and an internal validation group (54 cases); 87 cases from department of rehabilitation medicine, Dongying Municipal Hospital of TCM were assigned to an external validation group. The clinical data of all of the cases were extracted from the electronic medical record information platform. Using SPSS25.0 and R4.2.3, through univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis, the independent factors influencing the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on Bell's palsy were identified. By means of internal and external validations, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the goodness-of-fit curve (GFC) and the decision curve analysis (DCA) were plotted. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the model were calculated; and its comprehensive performance was evaluated., Results: The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent factors for the unsatisfactory effect on Bell's palsy were advanced age, severe symptoms before treatment, no use of steroids within 72 h of onset, and lack of acupuncture-moxibustion therapy during the acute phase or single acupuncture-moxibustion protocol ( P <0.05, P <0.01). Based on these factors, nomogram model and online columnar plot prediction tool (https://bmuchen.shinyapps.io/dynnomapp/) were established. The area under the ROC curve of the model was 0.921 (95% CI : 0.877, 0.966), 0.876 (95% CI : 0.787, 0.966), and 0.846 (95% CI : 0.766, 0.926) in the training group, the internal validation group, and the external validation group, respectively, indicating good predictive value. The model showed a satisfactory calibration curve alignment. The decision threshold in the range of 0 to 0.8 provided clinical benefits for participants. The model exhibited the sensitivity from 65.9% to 88.0%, the specificity ranging from 77.3% to 90.7%, the accuracy from 77.8% to 85.9%, the positive predictive value from 83.3% to 90.1%, and the negative predictive value from 70.8% to 78.7%. The comprehensive evaluation indicated a satisfactory clinical application value of the model., Conclusion: The clinical prediction model of acupuncture and moxibustion for Bell's palsy is valuable in its practice and promotion to a certain extent. The predicted results are conductive to clinicians' judgement of the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion for this disease and making effective and high-quality clinical decisions, as well as formulating the optimal therapeutic regimen.

Objective: Intravenous non-volatile anaesthetics like propofol are commonly used in cardiac surgeries across several countries. Volatile anaesthetics like isoflurane may help in protecting the myocardium and minimize ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Hence, we did this review to compare the cardioprotective effect of isoflurane and propofol among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)., Methods: We conducted a search in the databases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (or MEDLINE), Embase, PubMed Central®, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library from inception until April 2021. We carried out a meta-analysis with random-effects model and reported pooled risk ratio (RR) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) depending on the type of outcome., Results: We analysed 13 studies including 808 participants. Almost all were low-quality studies. For cardiac index, the pooled SMD was 0.14 (95% CI: -0.22 to 0.50); for cardiac troponin I, pooled SMD was 0.10 (95% CI: -0.28 to 0.48). For mortality, the RR was 3.00 (95% CI: 0.32 to 28.43); for MI, pooled RR was 1.58 (95% CI: 0.59 to 4.20); and for inotropic drug use, pooled RR was 1.04 (95% CI: 0.90 to 1.21). For length of intensive care unit stay, the pooled SMD was 0.13 (95% CI: -0.29 to 0.55), while pooled SMD for mechanical ventilation time was -0.02 (95% CI: -0.54 to 0.51)., Conclusion: Isoflurane did not have significant cardioprotective effect compared to propofol following CABG. Hence, the anaesthetists need to check some viable alternatives to manage these patients and reduce the rate of postoperative complications.