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Your search keyword '"Baum, S. A."' showing total 8 results
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8 results on '"Baum, S. A."'

1. Jetted Subgalactic-Size Radio Sources in Merging Galaxies -- A Jet Redirection Scenario

Author

Stanghellini, C., Orienti, M., Spingola, C., Zanichelli, A., Dallacasa, D., Cassaro, P., O'Dea, C. P., Baum, S. A., and Pérez-Torres, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The long-standing question concerning Jetted Sub-Galactic Size (JSS) radio sources is whether they will evolve into large radio galaxies, die before escaping the host galaxy, or remain indefinitely confined to their compact size. Our main goal is to propose a scenario that explains the relative number of JSS radio sources and their general properties. We studied the parsec-scale radio morphology of a complete sample of 21 objects using Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations at various frequencies and analyzed the morphological characteristics of their optical hosts. Many of these radio sources exhibit radio morphologies consistent with transverse motions of their bright edges and are located in dynamically disturbed galaxies. VLBI images provide evidence for large-angle, short-period precessing jets, and the orbital motion of the radio-loud AGN in a dual or binary system. The majority of JSS radio sources are in systems in different stages of their merging evolution. We propose a scenario where the rapid jet redirection, through precession or orbital motion, prevents the jet from penetrating the interstellar medium (ISM) sufficiently to escape the host galaxy. Most JSS radio sources remain compact due to their occurrence in merging galaxies, Comment: 34 pages, 24 figures, 3 tables, submitted to A&A

Published
2024

2. Rotation and flipping invariant self-organizing maps with astronomical images: A cookbook and application to the VLA Sky Survey QuickLook images

Author

Vantyghem, A. N., Galvin, T. J., Sebastian, B., O'Dea, C. P., Gordon, Y. A., Boyce, M., Rudnick, L., Polsterer, K., Andernach, Heinz, Dionyssiou, M., Venkataraman, P., Norris, R., Baum, S. A., Wang, X. R., and Huynh, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Modern wide field radio surveys typically detect millions of objects. Techniques based on machine learning are proving to be useful for classifying large numbers of objects. The self-organizing map (SOM) is an unsupervised machine learning algorithm that projects a many-dimensional dataset onto a two- or three-dimensional lattice of neurons. This dimensionality reduction allows the user to visualize common features of the data better and develop algorithms for classifying objects that are not otherwise possible with large datasets. To this aim, we use the PINK implementation of a SOM. PINK incorporates rotation and flipping invariance so that the SOM algorithm may be applied to astronomical images. In this cookbook we provide instructions for working with PINK, including preprocessing the input images, training the model, and offering lessons learned through experimentation. The problem of imbalanced classes can be improved by careful selection of the training sample and increasing the number of neurons in the SOM (chosen by the user). Because PINK is not scale-invariant, structure can be smeared in the neurons. This can also be improved by increasing the number of neurons in the SOM. We also introduce pyink, a Python package used to read and write PINK binary files, assist in common preprocessing operations, perform standard analyses, visualize the SOM and preprocessed images, and create image-based annotations using a graphical interface. A tutorial is also provided to guide the user through the entire process. We present an application of PINK to VLA Sky Survey (VLASS) images. We demonstrate that the PINK is generally able to group VLASS sources with similar morphology together. We use the results of PINK to estimate the probability that a given source in the VLASS QuickLook Catalogue is actually due to sidelobe contamination., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Computing

Published
2024
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4. Exploring Remission Dynamics and Prognostic Factors in Lichen Planopilaris: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Author

Lyakhovitsky, A., Zilbermintz, T., Segal, Z., Galili, E., Shemer, A., Jaworowski, B., Baum, S., Hermush, V., Kaplan, B., and Barzilai, A.

Subjects
LICHEN planus, SYMPTOMS, PROGNOSIS, DELAYED diagnosis, COMORBIDITY
Abstract

Introduction: Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is a common type of primary cicatricial alopecia. Previous studies focused on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment of LPP. A lack of knowledge regarding LPP outcomes and prognostic factors remained. Methods: To delineate the rate and timing of remission in LPP, as well as the prognostic factors for achieving remission, a retrospective cohort study was conducted. The study included 126 patients, from a single tertiary center, diagnosed with LPP between January 2010 and December 2022, who were followed up for a minimum of 6 months.Results: There were 89 (70.6%) women and 37 (29.4%) men included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 47.92 ± 14.2 years. The mean time from disease onset to diagnosis was 33.85 (±30) months, indicating significant diagnostic delays. The mean duration of follow-up was 34.13 ± 22.7 months. Among the cohort, 43 patients achieved complete remission (CR) during the follow-up period, whereas 83 patients did not. Of the 83 patients who did not achieve CR, 35 partially improved and 48 did not improve or worsened. The median time for achieving CR was 46 ± 18.8 months. Milder disease at presentation and comorbid lichen planus were associated with higher CR rates. Conclusion: This study demonstrates significant diagnostic delays that should be addressed as LPP causes irreversible alopecia, suggests disease severity and comorbid lichen planus as potential prognostic factors. Further, it emphasizes the limited efficacy of current treatments and the need for prolonged treatment in patients with LPP to achieve remission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. A Phase 3, Randomized, Controlled Trial of Resmetirom in NASH with Liver Fibrosis.

Author

Harrison, S. A., Bedossa, P., Guy, C. D., Schattenberg, J. M., Loomba, R., Taub, R., Labriola, D., Moussa, S. E., Neff, G. W., Rinella, M. E., Anstee, Q. M., Abdelmalek, M. F., Younossi, Z., Baum, S. J., Francque, S., Charlton, M. R., Newsome, P. N., Lanthier, N., Schiefke, I., and Mangia, A.

Subjects
*HEPATIC fibrosis, *LIVER histology, *NON-alcoholic fatty liver disease, *THYROID hormone receptors, *LDL cholesterol, *CLINICAL trials, *FIBROSIS, *FATTY liver
Abstract

BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive liver disease with no approved treatment. Resmetirom is an oral, liver-directed, thyroid hormone receptor beta-selective agonist in development for the treatment of NASH with liver fibrosis. METHODS We are conducting an ongoing phase 3 trial involving adults with biopsy-confirmed NASH and a fibrosis stage of FIB, F2, or F3 (stages range from FO [no fibrosis] to F4 [cirrhosis]). Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive once-daily resmetirom at a dose of 80 mg or 100 mg or placebo. The two primary end points at week 52 were NASH resolution (including a reduction in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] activity score by >2 points; scores range from 0 to 8, with higher scores indicating more severe disease) with no worsening of fibrosis, and an improvement (reduction) in fibrosis by at least one stage with no worsening of the NAFLD activity score. RESULTS Overall, 966 patients formed the primary analysis population (322 in the 80-mg resmetirom group, 323 in the 100-mg resmetirom group, and 321 in the placebo group). NASH resolution with no worsening of fibrosis was achieved in 25.9% of the patients in the 80-mg resmetirom group and 29.9% of those in the 100-mg resmetirom group, as compared with 9.7% of those in the placebo group (P<0.001 for both comparisons with placebo). Fibrosis improvement by at least one stage with no worsening of the NAFLD activity score was achieved in 24.2% of the patients in the 80-mg resmetirom group and 25.9% of those in the 100-mg resmetirom group, as compared with 14.2% of those in the placebo group (PcO.OOl for both comparisons with placebo). The change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels from baseline to week 24 was -13.6% in the 80-mg resmetirom group and -16.3% in the 100-mg resmetirom group, as compared with 0.1% in the placebo group (PcO.OOl for both comparisons with placebo). Diarrhea and nausea were more frequent with resmetirom than with placebo. The incidence of serious adverse events was similar across trial groups: 10.9% in the 80-mg resmetirom group, 12.7% in the 100-mg resmetirom group, and 11.5% in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Both the 80-mg dose and the 100-mg dose of resmetirom were superior to placebo with respect to NASH resolution and improvement in liver fibrosis by at least one stage. (Funded by Madrigal Pharmaceuticals; MAESTRO-NASH ClinicaITrials.gov number, NCT03900429.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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