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Earlier, we found that two alcohol-containing samples delivered from the zone of special military operation contain a rare psychoactive substance EA-3167, which is a structural analogue of the well-known incapacitant BZ, included in the Schedule 1 of the Chemical Weapons Convention. In addition to EA-3167, additives of methadone, α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone and tetrahydrocannabinol were found in liquids.The aim of the work is to establish the analytical characteristics of EA-3167, as well as its metabolites in rat urine. Research methods. Structural identification of the detected substance by nuclear magnetic resonance, gas and liquid chromatomass spectrometry of delivered objects and rat urine obtained by exposing laboratory animals to the detected substance.The results of the study. Concentrations of EA-3167 in liquids were found to be 910 and 3.9 μg/mL, respectively. It has been established that EA-3167 is subject to intensive metabolism in rats. More than 30 metabolites, representing products of mono- and dihydroxylation of aliphatic moieties of the molecule, ketone formation, and hydrolysis, have been tentatively identified in the urine of laboratory animals. Conclusion. The most convenient markers for confirming poisoning of EA-3167 by gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were the parent substance, the products of its monohydroxylation and the formation of carbonyl group on the cyclopentyl moiety.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) involving superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical play important role in human health. ROS are known to be the markers of oxidative stress associated with different pathologies including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. Accordingly, ROS level detection in biological systems is an essential problem for biomedical and analytical research. Electrochemical methods seem to have promising prospects in ROS determination due to their high sensitivity, rapidity, and simple equipment. This review demonstrates application of modern electrochemical sensors for ROS detection in biological objects (e.g., cell lines and body fluids) over a decade between 2011 and 2021. Particular attention is paid to sensors materials and various types of modifiers for ROS selective detection. Moreover, the sensors comparative characteristics, their main advantages, disadvantages and their possibilities and limitations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes an overview of the primary applications of generalized two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) to analytical chemistry. 2D-COS is a method used to analyze datasets obtained by spectroscopic measurements. This approach is based on the use of 2D correlation maps to detect and analyze correlations between different spectral regions or data from two measurement methods. The objective of employing 2D-COS is to enhance the volume of analytical information by uncovering latent correlations within the data. Analysis of such correlations for series of spectral data, acquired over a range of analyte concentrations, pH values, or component ratios in mixtures, and also under varying temperatures or other external factors, enables investigating and elucidating chemical processes and interactions. This information is not readily attainable directly from the spectra. In comparison to one-dimensional spectra, 2D-COS excels in the significance of analytical information, particularly in the identification of components and the determination of the composition of complex mixtures. 2D-COS can also be used for monitoring changes in a sample over time, which makes it a valuable tool for studying dynamically evolving systems. Overall, 2D-COS is a sufficiently versatile approach that can be employed in conjunction with numerous methods, addressing a wide range of analytical tasks and complex samples, also without sample preparation. The review highlights achievements in the application of 2D-COS by the beginning of September 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]