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This research introduces a fractional high-order sliding mode control (FHOSMC) method that utilises an inverse integral fractional order, 0 < β < 1 , as the high order on the FHOSMC reaching law, exhibiting a novel contribution in the related field of study. The application of the proposed approach into a bioreactor system via diffeomorphism operations demonstrates a notable improvement in the management of the bioreactor dynamics versus classic controllers. The numerical findings highlight an improved precision in tracking reference signals and an enhanced plant stability compared to proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller implementations within challenging disturbance scenarios. The FHOSMC effectively maintains the biomass concentration at desired levels, reducing the wear of the system as well as implementation expenses. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis of the convergence within time indicates substantial potential for further enhancements. Subsequent studies might focus on extending this control approach to bioreactor systems that integrate sensor technologies and the formulation of adaptive algorithms for real-time adjustments of β -type fractional-orders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As photosynthetic microorganisms, cyanobacteria play a dominant part in numerous ecological systems owing to their ability to fix carbon and nitrogen and are therefore an essential part of primary production in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. The utility of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in plant biotechnology opens up promising strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of rare, endangered plant species and bioactive cell cultures. Here, we discuss the complicated physiological aspects of biological nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria and their symbiotic relationship with plants. This review focuses on recent advances in biotechnological tools such as CRISPR-Cas9, nanotechnology and multiomics-based approaches for enhancing plant regeneration systems to cultivate specialized metabolites. We also look at the methods in vitro preservation of plants and how to scale up a culture using bioreactor systems. The review ends by highlighting the promise of cyanobacteria-powered plant biotechnology as a renewable mechanism for rare species conservation and specialized metabolites production, providing an optimistic modal, formative future direction in plant biosynthesis.

The editorial discusses the advancements in cell therapy, focusing on diverse cell types, induction methods, and culture techniques that are driving the potential of cell-based therapies. Key topics include the use of 3D organoid cultures for liver diseases, refining CAR-T cell therapies for cancer treatment, and exploring the potential of CAR-macrophages for solid tumor treatment. The editorial highlights the importance of gene editing, bioprocessing technologies, and optimizing cell delivery methods for the successful translation of cell therapies into clinical practice. Despite challenges, interdisciplinary collaboration is key to developing personalized and effective cell-based treatments for various diseases. [Extracted from the article]

This research introduces a fractional high-order sliding mode control (FHOSMC) method that utilises an inverse integral fractional order, 0<β<1, as the high order on the FHOSMC reaching law, exhibiting a novel contribution in the related field of study. The application of the proposed approach into a bioreactor system via diffeomorphism operations demonstrates a notable improvement in the management of the bioreactor dynamics versus classic controllers. The numerical findings highlight an improved precision in tracking reference signals and an enhanced plant stability compared to proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller implementations within challenging disturbance scenarios. The FHOSMC effectively maintains the biomass concentration at desired levels, reducing the wear of the system as well as implementation expenses. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis of the convergence within time indicates substantial potential for further enhancements. Subsequent studies might focus on extending this control approach to bioreactor systems that integrate sensor technologies and the formulation of adaptive algorithms for real-time adjustments of β-type fractional-orders.