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We develop a new framework, hyporheic reaction potential (HRP), to predict the influence of oxidation-reduction reactions on metal fate and transport in streams using data from tracer studies and geochemical sampling. HRP, with energy flux units [KJ m -2 s -1 ], is a metric calculated from both the physical and chemical properties of the hyporheic zone. We apply the HRP framework for iron reactions, using existing geochemical and geophysical data from two metal-impacted alpine streams at high and low flow. In these two systems, HRP delineates contrasting controls on iron fate and transport with biogeochemical controls in Mineral Creek and physical controls in Cement Creek. In both systems, HRP scales with discharge and hyporheic-zone extent as flows change seasonally, which demonstrates the ability of HRP to capture physical aspects of chemical reactions in the hyporheic zone. This paper provides a foundation on which HRP can be expanded to other solutes where chemical gradients in the hyporheic zone control reaction networks, making it broadly applicable to redox cycling in stream systems. This framework is useful in quantifying the role of the hyporheic zone in sourcing and storing metal(loid)s under varying hydrologic conditions with implications for water quality, mine remediation, and regional watershed management., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Purpose: People with disability in regional, rural and remote Australia have poorer service access compared to people from metropolitan areas. There is urgent need for reform. This study's aim was to explore the needs and aspirations of people with lived experience of disability in Far North Queensland (FNQ) to inform a new service framework., Materials and Methods: Twenty-five individuals with diverse experience of disability were engaged in semi-structured interviews. Participants were recruited from four sites that differed geographically, culturally, and socioeconomically. Using an inductive then deductive thematic approach to data analysis, statements of needs and aspirations were compiled and aligned with three pre-determined vision statements., Results: Needs and aspirations aligned well with the vision statements which were to: feel "included, connected, safe and supported"; have "opportunities to choose one's own life and follow one's hopes and dreams"; and have "access to culturally safe services close to home." To realise this vision in FNQ, support to navigate and coordinate services across sectors is essential., Conclusion: People of FNQ of all abilities, need and aspire to experience "a good life" like their fellow Australians. Any new service model must focus on providing service navigation and co-ordination amid the complexities of service delivery in FNQ.

Informal supporters (friends, family, colleagues, and community members) play a crucial role in societal-wide responses to victim-survivors of domestic violence and abuse. Familial and social networks, however, report a sense of helplessness and difficulties in knowing how to respond. This mixed method systematic review examines the effectiveness, and perceived effectiveness, of training informal supporters to improve their responses to victim-survivors. A novel conceptual framework was developed to underpin the review. A systematic search of four electronic databases, specialist repositories, and websites were used to identify empirical research (in academic or gray literature). Eleven included studies examined educational interventions that aimed to improve responses from informal supporters. Quality appraisal was undertaken, and studies were judged to be "good enough" for synthesis. The studies in the review indicated that informal supporters recognized the value of training for building understanding and equipping them with the skills to respond to victim-survivors. The synthesis identified statistically significant improvements in the knowledge and attitudes of informal supporters in the immediate and short-term following training. Using a behavior change model to frame the evidence, the review found that training/educational activities prime informal supporters to respond to victim-survivors, as well as enhancing their capacity and motivation to do so. This increases the likelihood that informal supporters will take action to support victim-survivors of abuse. We don't know, however, what type of support they will provide and/or whether it would be judged to be helpful by victim-survivors., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Nicola Stokes, Martha Tomlinson, and Lindsay Gordan are employed at SafeLives, a UK-wide charity dedicated to ending domestic abuse.Mollin Delve is Director of PHOEBE, a charity that offers domestic abuse support and counseling services to black and ethnic minority women and children across Suffolk.Kate Lawrence is Chief Executive of Home-Start East Sussex, a charity supporting disadvantaged families living in East Sussex.All other authors have no conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.

Lichens are exemplar symbioses based upon carbon exchange between photobionts and their mycobiont hosts. Historically considered a two-way relationship, some lichen symbioses have been shown to contain multiple photobiont partners; however, the way in which these photobiont communities react to environmental change is poorly understood. Lichina pygmaea is a marine cyanolichen that inhabits rocky seashores where it is submerged in seawater during every tidal cycle. Recent work has indicated that L. pygmaea has a complex photobiont community including the cyanobionts Rivularia and Pleurocapsa. We performed rRNA-based metabarcoding and mRNA metatranscriptomics of the L. pygmaea holobiont at high and low tide to investigate community response to immersion in seawater. Carbon exchange in L. pygmaea is a dynamic process, influenced by both tidal cycle and the biology of the individual symbiotic components. The mycobiont and two cyanobiont partners exhibit distinct transcriptional responses to seawater hydration. Sugar-based compatible solutes produced by Rivularia and Pleurocapsa in response to seawater are a potential source of carbon to the mycobiont. We propose that extracellular processing of photobiont-derived polysaccharides is a fundamental step in carbon acquisition by L. pygmaea and is analogous to uptake of plant-derived carbon in ectomycorrhizal symbioses., (© 2023 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2023 New Phytologist Foundation.)

Allied health services in rural and remote hospitals often work in siloed and solo discipline-specific positions. They are often part of general multi-disciplinary teams without a clearly articulated service model that integrates care for individuals and addresses broader community health needs. Integrated care service models for clients with complex disabilities or chronic health needs have demonstrated improved outcomes, but feasible service models are rarely described in the context of rural, remote and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Integration can support primary health care in remote communities where resources are thin, and the breadth of multidisciplinary service providers is not available. A remote health service, in collaboration with a University Department of Rural Health and community partners, developed a community rehabilitation and lifestyle service for adults who experience chronic disease, disability or were at risk of functional decline due to frailty. Using an integrated approach, this model of care improves access to specialist and primary healthcare services, delivers targeted group-based rehabilitation and preventative activities, and addresses community and workforce capacity to meet the needs of the remote community. This paper describes a remote primary health care, Integrated Allied Health Service Model, developed with a focus on the co-ordination and integration of care and resources between the health service, education and community.