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Background: Little is known about the effectiveness of instructors when presenting content in videos alone. In recent years, researchers have increasingly begun to explore the effects of instructors' social cues (e.g., eye gaze, body orientation, etc.) on learning. However, previous studies exploring the effects of eye gaze have confounded the role of body orientation, while studies exploring body orientation have confounded the role of eye gaze. Objectives: To explore the role of direct gaze and body orientation in learning with instructional videos, absent an instructional screen, in a less confounded manner. Methods: A total of 63 subjects were presented select concepts regarding schizophrenia. Eye‐tracking technology combined with current theories of parasocial interaction and social agency was used to explore different social cues that affect learning performance. Students were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: frontal body + direct gaze group (FD group), frontal body + no direct gaze group (FND group), and lateral body + no direct gaze group (LND group). Result and Conclusions: Direct gaze facilitated students' immediate retention and transfer scores, reduced learners' extraneous cognitive load, and guided students' attention to the instructor. However, counter to our expectations, parasocial interaction did not affect social cues. Implications: In both online and offline classes, instruction is expected to be enhanced by focusing on the camera to the extent possible, particularly when instructional screens are absent. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: In recent years, how instructors' social cues (eye gaze, body orientation, gestures, etc.) can improve video learning has aroused widespread concern.Instructors' eye gaze and body orientation can increase society and improve learning in the online learning environment.The empirical research confounds the role of eye gaze and body orientation on video learning when only the instructors are present. What this paper adds: When only the instructor is present in the video, instructor's direct gaze can foster learner's learning outcome in the instructional video.When only the instructor is present in the video, instructor's direct gaze can draw the learner's attention to the instructor's face.When only the instructor is present in the video, instructor's direct gaze can reduce learner's extraneous cognitive load. Implications for practice and/or policy: In online teaching, educators should consider looking at the camera as much as possible, especially when there are no instructional screens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text describes the method of script drama work in therapy, counselling and supervision. The method combines TA concepts such as decontamination, work on impasses, deconfusion and the body-based method of Al Pesso and Diane Boyden Pesso. It shows how microtracking and special constellations are used to understand and appreciate the client's inner system and supplement it with new, corrective experiences. The integrating adult is addressed and strengthened as a central instance on the client's side. Case studies are used to demonstrate how beliefs and assumptions can become evident in a body-oriented way in the here and now and how their inhibiting effects are neutralized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proprioception, a vital physiological process driven by neural activity, is enhanced by activating proprioceptors in muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, and internal organ feedback, collectively shaping the body's internal environment. Within the comprehensive framework of physical exercises for 10-year-old children, the psycho-neuro-motor aspect plays a pivotal role in regulating and providing feedback in response to stimuli from both external and internal bodily environments. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of specific testing methods for evaluating proprioceptive aspects related to body orientation, balance, and coordination. Materials and Methods: Twelve subjects (6 boys and 6 girls), aged 10 years and enrolled in the 4th grade at a public primary school, underwent testing utilizing two protocols: the hexagon and circle tests. Objective measurements were obtained using the Optojump Next-test equipment from MICROGATE. The resulting data were analyzed using statistical-mathematical methods, including descriptive analysis and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality assessment. The data were normally distributed (p > 0.05) in the hexagon and circle tests. Additionally, the independent samples t-test was conducted for comparison, revealing no statistically significant differences between the hexagon and circle tests [on the x-axis: t(22) = .173; p > 0.05; on the y-axis: t(22) = .375; p > 0.05; and for the average landing distance: t(22) = .382; p > 0.05]. Results: Despite observable differences in execution difficulty, the obtained results did not reveal a significant disparity between the hexagon and circle tests in assessing proprioceptive capabilities. Conclusions: Increasing task complexity during proprioceptive testing of body orientation, balance, and coordination did not yield divergent results when employing the same testing equipment. Therefore, future research endeavors should prioritize identifying testing modalities that offer significantly distinct outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a system that estimates people’s body and head orientations using low-resolution point cloud data from two LiDAR sensors. Our models make accurate estimations in real-world conversation settings where subjects move naturally with varying head and body poses, while seated around a table. The body orientation estimation model uses ellipse fitting while the head orientation estimation model combines geometric feature extraction with an ensemble of neural network regressors. Our models achieve a mean absolute estimation error of 5.2 degrees for body orientation and 13.7 degrees for head orientation. Compared to other body/head orientation estimation systems that use RGB cameras, our proposed system uses LiDAR sensors to preserve user privacy, while achieving comparable accuracy. Unlike other body/head orientation estimation systems, our sensors do not require a specified close-range placement in front of the subject, enabling estimation from a surveillance viewpoint which produces low-resolution data. This work is the first to attempt head orientation estimation using point clouds in a low-resolution surveillance setting. We compare our model to two state-of-the-art head orientation estimation models that are designed for high-resolution point clouds, which yield higher estimation errors on our low-resolution dataset. We also present an application of head orientation estimation by quantifying behavioral differences between neurotypical and autistic individuals in triadic (three-way) conversations. Significance tests show that autistic individuals display significantly different behavior compared to neurotypical individuals in distributing attention between conversational parties, suggesting that the approach could be a component of a behavioral analysis or coaching system.

• After stroke, body orientation improved with time in most individuals. • However, half of individuals with lateropulsion were still not upright at 3 months. • Lateropulsion attenuation was not slower in individuals with severe forms. • Balance and gait recovery was possible without improvement of body orientation. • Lateropulsion attenuation enhanced balance and gait recovery during the same period. Lateropulsion is a deficit in body orientation with respect to gravity, frequent after stroke. Although it is a primary factor affecting mobility, the impact of its attenuation on balance and gait recovery has never been investigated. Moreover, most studies on the lateropulsion time-course focus on severe forms suspected to have a poor recovery, which is not proven. To investigate lateropulsion attenuation and test 2 hypotheses: 1) lateropulsion attenuation greatly contributes to balance and gait recovery and 2) severe forms of lateropulsion recover slower than moderate forms. This longitudinal study involved individuals included in the Determinants of Balance Recovery After Stroke (DOBRAS) cohort, after a first-ever hemispheric stroke, with data collected on day 30 (D30), D60 and D90 post-stroke. Body orientation with respect to gravity was assessed using the Scale for Contraversive Pushing (both scores and severity grouping), in parallel with balance (Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke) and gait (modified Fugl-Meyer Gait Assessment). Among the 106 eligible individuals (mean age 66.5 [SD 9.7] years), on D30, 43 (41%) were considered upright and 63 (59%) showed lateropulsion: 30 (28%) moderate and 33 (31%) severe. Most individuals with lateropulsion (73%) improved their body orientation, progressing from severe to moderate lateropulsion, or becoming upright. However, half were still not upright on D90. The improvement in body orientation had a large impact on mobility, especially in individuals with severe lateropulsion, in whom it explained about 50% of balance and gait recovery between D30 and D60, then 20% (D60-D90). For moderate lateropulsion, its attenuation explained about 20% of balance and gait recovery until D90. Lateropulsion attenuation was not slower in individuals with severe forms. Lateropulsion attenuation enhances balance and gait recovery in individuals after stroke suggesting that specific rehabilitation of body orientation with respect to gravity might help to recover mobility. NCT03203109 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]