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In recent years, increased species extinction and habitat loss have significantly reduced biodiversity, posing a serious threat to both nature and human survival. Environmental factors strongly influence bird distribution and diversity. The potential distribution patterns and species richness offer a conservation modeling framework for policymakers to assess the effectiveness of natural protected areas (PAs) and optimize their existing ones. Very few such studies have been published that cover a large and complete taxonomic group with fine resolution at regional scale. Here, using birds as a study group, the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) was used to analyze the pattern of bird species richness in Jiangsu Province. Using an unparalleled amount of occurrence data, we created species distribution models (SDMs) for 312 bird species to explore emerging diversity patterns at a resolution of 1 km2. The gradient of species richness is steep, decreasing sharply away from water bodies, particularly in the northern part of Jiangsu Province. The migratory status and feeding habits of birds also significantly influence the spatial distribution of avian species richness. This study reveals that the regions with high potential bird species richness are primarily distributed in three areas: the eastern coastal region, the surrounding area of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the surrounding area of Taihu Lake. Compared with species richness hotspots and existing PAs, we found that the majority of hotspots are well‐protected. However, only a small portion of the regions, such as coastal areas of Sheyang County in Yancheng City, as well as some regions along the Yangtze River in Nanjing and Zhenjiang, currently have relatively weak protection. Using stacked SDMs, our study reveals effective insights into diversity patterns, directly informing conservation policies and contributing to macroecological research advancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research on electron transfer coupled spin transition regulating the valence state and spin state transition of metal ions is promising and challenging. Herein, we report a cyano-bridged {Fe III2 Fe II2 } molecular square complex, {[Fe(Tp)(CN)3]2 [Fe(bnbpen)]2}(ClO4)2·8CH3OH (1·8CH3OH, bnbpen = N,N′-bis-(2-naphthylmethyl)-N,N′-bis(2-picolayl)-ethylenediamine), and its free of solvents form (1). Combined single-crystal X-ray diffraction, temperature-dependent infrared (IR) spectra, magnetic measurements, and Mössbauer spectra reveal that 1·8CH3OH and 1 exhibit reversible one-step and two-step electron transfer coupled spin transition (ETCST) with temperature change, between the low-temperature state {FeII,LS(μ-CN)FeIII,LS}2 (LS = low spin, HS = high spin) and the high-temperature state {FeIII,LS(μ-CN)FeII,HS}2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nickel nanomaterials play an important role in biological applications, but they have high toxicity and poor biocompatibility. To overcome these defects, we coated the surface of Ni nanotubes with different thicknesses of SiO2 to reduce cytotoxicity, improve biocompatibility, and broaden their biological application value., Objective: This study aimed to construct Ni nanotubes with different thicknesses of SiO2 nanoshells; investigate the effects of silicon layer thickness, incubation time, and cell line category on the cytotoxicity of the as-synthesized materials, and evaluate the biocompatibility of the materials by biological enzymes. The Ni@SiO2-NH2 was selected for use as an adsorbent for the adsorption and purification of histidine-rich proteins, such as Bovine Hemoglobin (BHb)., Methods: Magnetic Ni nanotubes were prepared by the template-chemical deposition method. A modified version of the Stöber process was used for the SiO2 coating of Ni@SiO2 nanotubes, and adjusted by changing the volume of TEOS for different thicknesses of SiO2 nanoshells., Results: Different cell lines containing tumor cells and normal cells were used in the toxicity experiment, which confirmed the low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility of Ni@SiO2. To achieve high efficiency of immobilization and purification of histidine- rich proteins, Ni@SiO2-NH2 was obtained by introducing the amino functional group. The Ni@SiO2-NH2 was found to possess lower cytotoxicity and higher adsorption capacity compared to other synthesized materials. Besides, the Ni@SiO2-NH2 also exhibited good selectivity of histidine-rich proteins., Conclusion: This work has not only provided ideas for reducing the cytotoxicity and improving the biocompatibility of biological nanomaterials, but also laid a foundation for subsequent biological applications., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

The research on electron transfer coupled spin transition regulating the valence state and spin state transition of metal ions is promising and challenging. Herein, we report a cyano-bridged {FeIII2FeII2} molecular square complex, {[Fe(Tp)(CN) 3 ] 2 [Fe(bnbpen)] 2 }(ClO 4 ) 2 ·8CH 3 OH (1·8CH 3 OH, bnbpen = N , N '-bis-(2-naphthylmethyl)- N , N '-bis(2-picolayl)-ethylenediamine), and its free of solvents form (1). Combined single-crystal X-ray diffraction, temperature-dependent infrared (IR) spectra, magnetic measurements, and Mössbauer spectra reveal that 1·8CH 3 OH and 1 exhibit reversible one-step and two-step electron transfer coupled spin transition (ETCST) with temperature change, between the low-temperature state {Fe II,LS (μ-CN)Fe III,LS } 2 (LS = low spin, HS = high spin) and the high-temperature state {Fe III,LS (μ-CN)Fe II,HS } 2 , respectively.