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Recent advances in bioacoustics combined with acoustic individual identification (AIID) could open frontiers for ecological and evolutionary research because traditional methods of identifying individuals are invasive, expensive, labor-intensive, and potentially biased. Despite overwhelming evidence that most taxa have individual acoustic signatures, the application of AIID remains challenging and uncommon. Furthermore, the methods most commonly used for AIID are not compatible with many potential AIID applications. Deep learning in adjacent disciplines suggests opportunities to advance AIID, but such progress is limited by training data. We suggest that broadscale implementation of AIID is achievable, but researchers should prioritize methods that maximize the potential applications of AIID, and develop case studies with easy taxa at smaller spatiotemporal scales before progressing to more difficult scenarios., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To descriptively compare and contrast intervention techniques for preschool children with features of developmental language disorder (outcome: oral vocabulary) and speech sound disorder (outcome: speech comprehensibility) and analyse them in relation to effectiveness and theory., Design: This is a systematic review with narrative synthesis. The process was supported by an expert steering group consisting of relevant professionals and people with lived experience., Data Sources: Ovid Emcare, MEDLINE Complete, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, ERIC, and Communication Source from January 2012 were searched. Relevant studies were obtained from an initial published review (up to January 2012)., Eligibility Criteria: Interventions for preschool children (80% aged 2:0-5:11 years) with idiopathic speech or language needs; outcomes relating to either oral vocabulary or speech comprehensibility., Data Extraction and Synthesis: Searches were conducted on 27 January 2023. Two independent researchers screened at abstract and full-text levels. Data regarding intervention content (eg, techniques) and format/delivery (eg, dosage, location) were extracted. Data were synthesised narratively according to the methods of Campbell et al ., Results: 24 studies were included: 18 for oral vocabulary and 6 for speech comprehensibility. There were 11 randomised controlled trials, 2 cohort studies and 11 case series. Similarities included a focus on input-related techniques and similar therapy activities. Speech studies were more likely to be professional-led and clinic-led, rather than at home and through a parent. Analysis was restricted by heterogeneity in study design and terminology, as well as gaps within intervention reporting. Information deemed important to the expert steering group was missing., Conclusions: Similarities and differences between intervention techniques for oral vocabulary and speech comprehensibility have been identified and synthesised. However, analysis of effectiveness was limited due to issues with study design and heterogeneity within studies. This has implications for the progression of the evidence base within the field., Prospero Registration Number: CRD42022373931., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Arginyltransferase 1 (ATE1) catalyzes arginylation, an important post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotes that plays a critical role in cellular homeostasis. The disruption of ATE1 function is implicated in mammalian neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular maldevelopment, while post-translational arginylation has also been linked to the activities of several important human viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and HIV. Despite the known significance of ATE1 in mammalian cellular function, past biophysical studies of this enzyme have mainly focused on yeast ATE1, leaving the mechanism of arginylation in mammalian cells unclear. In this study, we sought to structurally and biophysically characterize mouse ( Mus musculus ) ATE1. Using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), assisted by AlphaFold modeling, we found that mouse ATE1 is structurally more complex than yeast ATE1. Importantly, our data indicate the existence of an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) in all mouse ATE1 splice variants. However, comparative HDX-MS analyses show that yeast ATE1 does not have such an IDR, consistent with prior X-ray, cryo-EM, and SAXS analyses. Furthermore, bioinformatics approaches reveal that mammalian ATE1 sequences, as well as in a large majority of other eukaryotes, contain an IDR-like sequence positioned in proximity to the ATE1 GNAT active-site fold. Computational analysis suggests that the IDR likely facilitates the formation of the complex between ATE1 and tRNA Arg , adding a new complexity to ATE1 structure and providing new insights for future studies of ATE1 functions., Competing Interests: Competing interests. The authors declare no competing interests.

Objective: Controlling molluscum contagiosum (MC) infections is critical in atopic dermatitis (AD) management. This post hoc analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of berdazimer gel, 10.3% (topical, antiviral, nitric oxide-releasing medication) versus vehicle in MC patients with or without AD., Methods: Three Phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, parallel-group trials (B-SIMPLE[berdazimer sodium in molluscum patients with lesions]1, -2, -4) enrolled patients 6 months and older with 3-70 mollusca. Berdazimer or vehicle was applied once daily to all MC lesions for 12 weeks. Data from three Phase 3 studies were integrated for subgroup efficacy and safety assessments using several weighted meta-analysis approaches. Patients with concurrent AD or a history of AD/eczema were categorized as AD+ subgroup (AD- when absent). Primary efficacy endpoint: complete lesion clearance at Week 12. Safety endpoints included adverse events (AEs) through Week 24 and local skin reactions through Week 12., Results: Of 1598 enrolled patients, 209 (13.1%) were AD+. Baseline mean lesion counts were greater in AD+ (26.4) than AD- (19.3). Complete clearance rates were higher at Week 12 for berdazimer compared with vehicle in AD+ (n = 209; 35.0% vs. 27.4%; odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% CI, 0.7-2.5) and AD- (n = 1389; 29.1% vs. 18.9%; OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.4-2.4) subgroups. AEs in AD+ were application-site pain (21.6% with berdazimer vs. 11.9% with vehicle), dermatitis (12.8% vs. 2.4%), and erythema (9.6% vs. 7.1%)., Conclusions: Berdazimer gel showed favorable efficacy regardless of AD status. Berdazimer-induced erythema may be indistinguishable from AD symptoms or with inflammatory response upon resolution of molluscum., (© 2024 Novan, A Ligand Company. Pediatric Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: An out-of-office therapeutic agent indicated for molluscum contagiosum is needed., Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of berdazimer gel, 10.3% (a topical, antiviral, nitric oxide-releasing medication) versus vehicle., Methods: Berdazimer gel, 10.3% or vehicle was applied once daily to all molluscum contagiosum lesions for 12 weeks in patients ≥6 months with 3-70 mollusca. Efficacy assessment: complete lesion clearance and partial clearance at week 12. Safety and tolerability assessment: adverse events through week 24 and local skin reactions through week 12., Results: There were 1598 patients enrolled (n = 917 berdazimer, n = 681 vehicle). Berdazimer was superior to vehicle at week 12 in complete clearance rates, 30.0% versus 19.8% (odds ratio, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.38-2.23, P < .001). Subgroup analyses of primary efficacy showed consistent favorable efficacy for berdazimer across most subgroups, including age, sex, baseline lesion count, and disease duration. Berdazimer provided favorable outcome for partial clearance. Application-site pain (18.7% vs 4.8% in berdazimer vs vehicle) and erythema (11.7% vs 1.3%), mostly mild to moderate, were the most common local skin reactions., Limitations: Berdazimer sodium in molluscum patients with lesions (B-SIMPLE) trials enrolled only US patients; no efficacy assessments beyond week 12., Conclusions: Berdazimer gel, 10.3% showed favorable efficacy and safety across subgroups., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest Dr Browning is an investigator for AbbVie, Amgen, Amryt, Arcutis, Concert, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Leo, Novan, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, UCB, and Vyne, a consultant for Castle Creek, Krystal, and Novartis, and a speaker for Pfizer and Regeneron. Drs Cartwright and Maeda-Chubachi and Author Enloe are employees of and stockholders in Novan, Inc. Dr Green is an investigator and consultant for Novan and a consultant, investigator, or speaker for Amgen, Alumis, Arcutis, Alumis, BMS, Candesant, Cara, Dermavant, Endo, EPI Health, Galderma, Highlittl, Incyte, Janssen, Lilly, OrthoDerm, and Verrica. Dr Hebert has received research grants paid to the McGovern School of Medicine from AbbVie, Arcutis, Novan, and Pfizer, has received honoraria from Pfizer, Arcutis, Incyte, Novan, Ortho Dermatologics, Amyrt, Galderma, Almirall, and is a member of Data Safety Monitoring Boards for GSK, Ortho Dermatologics, and Sanofi Regeneron. Dr Paller is an investigator for AbbVie, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Janssen, Krystal, Novan, and UCB, has received honoraria from Aegerion Pharma, Azitra, BioCryst, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Castle Creek, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Krystal, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Regeneron, Sanofi/Genzyme, Seanergy, TWI Biotechnology, and UCB, and serves on the data safety monitoring boards for AbbVie, Abeona, Catawba, Galderma, and InMed. Dr Stripling is an adviser for Novan and an investigator for Arcutis Biotherapeutics and Novan. Dr Sugarman is a consultant and speaker for Cerave, Incyte, Regeneron, Sanofi, and Pfizer, a consultant for Galderma, Novan, Solgel, and Verrica, and an investigator for Bausch, Dermavant, Galderma, Hill, and Leo. Author Wells is an employee of Synteract, which received funding from Novan, Inc for the statistical analysis., (Copyright © 2023 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest Dr Hebert has received research grants paid to the McGovern School of Medicine from AbbVie, Arcutis, Novan, and Pfizer; has received honoraria from Pfizer, Arcutis, Incyte, Novan, Ortho Dermatologics, Amyrt, Galderma, Almirall; and is a member of Data Safety Monitoring Boards for GSK, Ortho Dermatologics, and Sanofi Regeneron. Dr McLeod is an employee of RTI Health Solutions, which received funding from Novan, Inc. for data analysis. Dr Siegfried has received research support paid to the Saint Louis University School of Medicine from Regeneron and Amgen; honoraria from AbbVie, Alphyn, ASLAN Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cara Therapeutics, Incyte, Leo, NobelPharma, Novan, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron, Sanofi Genzyme, UCB, and Verrica; and is a salaried member of Data Safety Monitoring Boards for Leo, Novan, Pfizer, UCB, and Esperare. Dr Silverberg has received honoraria from Sanofi/Regeneron, Novan, Verrica, Pfizer, and Incyte. Drs. Cartwright and Maeda-Chubachi and Ms. Enloe are employees of and stockholders in Novan, Inc. Substantive editing was provided by Dana L. Randall, MS, PharmD, Intuitive Graphite, Inc. and funded by Novan, Inc.

Nominal group technique methods involve the use of structured activities within groups comprised of purposefully selected stakeholders (nominal groups), with the broad aim of achieving a level of consensus and prioritising information. In this paper, we will report how we facilitated nominal groups, using Microsoft Teams, to prioritise content for a theory-based behaviour change intervention to improve responses to clinically deteriorating patients. Our methods incorporated development and piloting of research materials, facilitation of online nominal groups with different stakeholders, and a structured approach to ranking behaviour change strategies. Practical suggestions are offered based on our experience of using this method in a virtual context., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 Australian College of Critical Care Nurses Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)