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Background: Despite recent efforts to address health disparities regarding social determinants of health (SDOH), the intersection between SDOH and cardiovascular health (CVH) outcomes in sexual minority (SM) individuals remain largely underexplored., Objectives: This study sought to investigate associations between SDOH profile and CVH and mortality outcomes among SM individuals in the United States., Methods: All participants aged ≥18 years surveyed in the 2013 to 2017 National Health Interview Survey were included, except those with missing data on SM status, any CVH or SDOH domain, or any other covariate. SM status was self-reported and categorized as lesbian/gay, bisexual, or uncertain. Participants' SDOH profile was quantified using a 6-domain (economic stability, neighborhood/physical environment/social cohesion, community and social context, food, education, and health care system), 38-item score, with higher scores indicating greater social deprivation. CVH was adapted from the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 framework. Because detailed dietary data were unavailable, a 7-item (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, physical inactivity, inadequate sleep, and obesity) CVH score was used, with higher scores indicating worse CVH. Additionally, cardiovascular mortality was ascertained through the National Death Index using death certificate information., Results: The study sample consisted of 57,182 participants, representing a population of 82,826,690 persons. A worse composite SDOH score was associated with a worse CVH score in both heterosexual (adjusted rate ratio: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.13-1.15; P < 0.001) and SM individuals (adjusted rate ratio: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.12-1.20; P < 0.001), with associations appearing to be potentially stronger in the latter (P interaction  = 0.042). Subgroup analysis demonstrated consistent associations among gay/lesbian individuals and bisexual individuals, but not in those with other or uncertain sexual orientations. Further exploratory analysis showed that a worse composite SDOH score was significantly associated with higher risk of cardiovascular mortality in both heterosexual (adjusted HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.06-1.28; P = 0.002) and SM individuals (adjusted HR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.24-4.08; P = 0.008), with associations being significantly stronger in the latter (P interaction = 0.006)., Conclusions: An unfavorable SDOH profile was associated with worse CVH scores and higher cardiovascular mortality risk among SM individuals in the United States compared to their heterosexual counterparts., Competing Interests: Funding Support and Author Disclosures Dr Sharma is supported by the American Heart Association (grant 979,462). All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose., (Copyright © 2025 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Patients with cancer have elevated cardiovascular risks compared to those without cancer. As cancer incidence increases and cancer-related mortality decreases, cardiovascular diseases in patients with a history of cancer will become increasingly important. This in turn is reflected by the exponentially increasing amount of cardio-oncology research in recent years. This narrative review aims to summarize the key existing literature in several main areas of cardio-oncology, including the epidemiology, natural history, prevention, management, and determinants of the cardiovascular health of patients with cancer, and identify relevant gaps in evidence for further research., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest ECD is funded in part through the Cancer Center Support Grant from the National Cancer Institute (P30 CA008748). GT is supported by a Research Impact Fund by the Hong Kong Metropolitan University (RIF/2022/2.2). All other authors have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2I) have been suggested to reduce new-onset cancer amongst type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aims to compare the risks of prostate cancer between SGLT2I and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4I) amongst T2DM patients., Design, Setting and Participants: This was a retrospective population-based cohort study of prospectively recorded data on male patients with T2DM who were prescribed either SGLT2I or DPP4I between 1 st January 2015 and 31 st December 2020 from Hong Kong., Methods: The primary outcome was new-onset prostate cancer. The secondary outcomes included cancer-related mortality and all-cause mortality. Propensity score matching (1:1 ratio) using the nearest neighbor search was performed and multivariable Cox regression was applied. A three-arm analysis including the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1a) cohort was conducted., Results: This study included 42129 male T2DM patients (median age: 61.0 years old [SD: 12.2]; SGLT2I: n = 17,120; DPP4I: n = 25,009). In the propensity score matched cohort, the number of prostate cancers was significantly lower in SGLT2I users (n = 60) than in DPP4I (n = 102). Over a follow-up duration of 5.61 years, SGLT2I was associated with lower prostate cancer risks (HR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.30-0.70) than DPP4I after adjustments. The subgroup analyses showed that the interactions between SGLT2I and age, hypertension, heart failure, and GLP-1a were not statistically significant. The result remained consistent in the sensitivity analysis., Conclusion: The study demonstrated SGLT2I was associated with lower risks of new-onset prostate cancer after propensity score matching and adjustments compared to DPP4I amongst T2DM patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None, (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)