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Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) in inducing senescence in lung cancer cells by Qidongning Formula (QDF). Methods: Cell-Counting-Kit-8 was used to study the effect of QDF on A549 and NCI-H1975 cells proliferation. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-GAL) staining was used to examine the effect of QDF on cellular senescence. RT-qPCR analyses and Western blot were used to monitor the expression of EGR1 and the senescence-associated proteins p21 and p53. A rescue assay using an EGR1-overexpressing vector to explore whether EGR1 is a key target gene of QDF-induced lung cancer senescence. Bioinformatics analyses were used to identify the regulatory network involved in the process of QDF-induced senescence in lung cancer cells, downstream of EGR1 activation. Results: QDF could inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. SA-β-GAL assay showed that QDF can induce lung cancer cells senescence, an increase in QDF concentration led to a significant increase in the number of cells that stained positive in the SA-β-GAL assay in the group exposed to a higher concentration of QDF. Western blot and RT-qPCR analyses indicated that the expression levels of the p53 and p21 proteins in A549 and H1975 cells increased significantly after QDF intervention. Additionally, EGR1-overexpressing can enhance QDF-induced senescence in lung cancer cells. Bioinformatics analyses revealed the EGR1 target genes implicated in QDF-induced senescence in A549 cells, including 21 senescence-related genes. Conclusion: The present study suggests QDF induces cellular senescence through activation of EGR1 in lung cancer cells and provides an insight for understanding the antitumor mechanisms of this Chinese traditional medicine.

Abstract The Precambrian history of the Lhasa terrane, southern Tibet is intensely debated, which hinders global plate tectonic reconstructions throughout the Proterozoic. Previous research on Precambrian basement has suggested that the Lhasa terrane originated from India or Africa, although the paucity of exposed pre‐Neoproterozoic rocks in the North Lhasa terrane (NL) has led to significant uncertainty. We document newly identified Neoarchean granites and Mesoproterozoic Guomangtso Suite from the NL. These pre‐Neoproterozoic rocks reveal a 2.62 Ga anorogenic rifting event and a 1.30–1.10 Ga transition from subduction to back‐arc extension, related to the 2.7–2.6 Ga rifting of the Pilbara Craton and the Proterozoic assembly between the North and West Australian Cratons, respectively. However, these tectono‐magmatic events have no equivalents in the South Lhasa terrane (SL). These observations suggest that the NL originated from Western Australia, and the NL and SL may have distinct origins.

BackgroundAbdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a prevalent form of vascular calcification associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. While previous studies on AAC and cardiovascular risk exist, many have limitations such as small sample sizes and limited clinical significance outcomes. This study aims to prospectively investigate the association between AAC and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality rates in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsThe study, conducted on NHANES participants aged 40 years or older during the 2013-2014 cycle, assessed AAC using the Kauppila scoring system. Demographic characteristics, mortality data, and comorbid factors such as age, gender, diabetes, and hypertension were considered. Statistical analyses, including weighted percentages, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, were employed to evaluate the associations between AAC and mortality risks.ResultsAfter analyzing a final sample of 2717 participants, the study found a significant association between severe AAC (SAAC) and higher all-cause mortality risk (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.17-2.48). The dose-response relationship indicated an increased risk with higher AAC scores. However, no independent association was observed between AAC and cardiovascular mortality. Stratified analysis revealed variations in the AAC-all-cause mortality association based on gender and hypertension.ConclusionThis population-based study provides valuable insights into the prospective association between AAC and all-cause mortality, emphasizing the potential role of AAC assessment in identifying individuals at higher risk.

ABSTRACT Prognostic significance of the timing in the cardiac cycle of the first (TP1) and second (TP2) systolic peak of the central aortic pulse wave is ill‐defined. Incidence rates and standardized multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of adverse health outcomes associated with TP1 and TP2, estimated by the SphygmoCor software, were assessed in the International Database of Central Arterial Properties for Risk Stratification (IDCARS) (n = 5529). Model refinement was assessed by the integrated discrimination (ID) and net reclassification (NR) improvement. Over 4.1 years (median), 201 participants died and 248 and 159 patients experienced cardiovascular or cardiac endpoints. Mean TP1 and TP2, standardized for cohort, sex, age, and heart rate, were 103 and 228 ms. Shorter TP1 and TP2 were associated with higher mortality and shorter TP1 with a higher risk of cardiovascular and cardiac endpoints (trend p ≤ 0.004). The HRs relating total mortality and cardiovascular endpoints to TP2 were 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–0.94) and 0.87 (0.77–0.98), respectively. The HR relating cardiac endpoints to TP1 was 0.81 (0.68–0.97). For total mortality and cardiovascular endpoints in relation to TP2, NRI was significant (p ≤ 0.010), but not for cardiac endpoints in relation to TP1. Integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) was not significant for any endpoint. The HRs relating total mortality to TP2 were smaller (p ≤ 0.026) in women than men (0.67 vs. 0.95) and in older (≥ 60 years) versus younger (< 60 years) participants (0.80 vs. 0.88). Our study adds to the evidence supporting risk stratification based on aortic pulse analysis by showing that TP2 and TP1 carry prognostic information.

BackgroundThe impact of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with severe abdominal aortic calcification (SAAC) remains unclear.MethodsWe analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014, including T2D patients aged 40 years and older. AAC was assessed using the Kauppila scoring system, with SAAC defined as a score >6. Self-reported MVPA was categorized based on weekly minutes of activity. The weighted Cox regression model was used to investigate risk associations.ResultsAmong the weighted sample of 20,328,606 T2D participants, 16.39% had SAAC. SAAC was significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR 2.57, 95% CI 1.52-4.35) after adjusting for confounders. MVPA did not significantly reduce mortality risk in patients with SAAC (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.40-2.49).ConclusionSAAC is a robust predictor of mortality in T2D patients, and MVPA does not improve mortality outcomes in this high-risk group. Future studies should conduct more detailed subgroup analyses to identify the specific indications for MVPA.

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are key components in display applications. The quantum efficiency of GaN/InGaN LEDs has been enhanced, leading to advancements in indoor and outdoor RGB LED display applications. White LED backlights are commonly used in displays due to the increased efficiency of InGaN LEDs. Despite efficiency, lifespan and image retention issues, OLED displays are utilized in high-end mobile phones to meet market expectations for screen response time and color saturation. Micro-LED RGB full-color displays have the potential to dominate the next-generation display market, driven by the increasing demands for resolution, power consumption and response time. Micro-LEDs are becoming smaller, reaching sizes of 50 μ m or even smaller, to meet the high-resolution requirements of displays. They offer higher contrast, brightness and faster response speeds. This research utilizes numerical simulations to develop a model for radiative and nonradiative recombination in InGaN semiconductor materials. The aim is to investigate the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of various chip sizes, quantum well counts, well thicknesses and electron block layers under low current densities. The research reveals that the optimal structure is a single quantum well with an electron block layer (EBL), which can increase IQE from 53.85% to 80.9% at 0.01 A/cm2 under low current density conditions, with a decrease in the number of quantum wells to one. The IQE efficiency improvement is 27.05%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the Internet of Things (IOT) has rapidly developed, leading to the development of many smart devices. Moreover, artificial intelligence (AI) and 5G communication are successful, and the demand for high-performance memory is increasing. The emerging nonvolatile RRAM has many advantages, such as low power consumption, fast operation speed, simple structure and excellent scalability, compared with traditional memories; this is promising for complex computing and mass storage. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a promising candidate for transparent conducting oxide (TCO) applications because of its abundance, high conductivity, low toxicity, and cost-effectiveness. It is currently used in various optoelectronic components including thin-film transistors (TFTs) and photodetectors. Notably, TCO has been increasingly used in the switching layers of random resistive access memory systems. In this paper, we intend to combine AGO with a large energy gap and ZnO with a high conductivity to prepare AGZO as a switching layer for RRAM by co-sputtering. By adjusting the oxygen flow ratio and power of co-sputtering, the AGZO RRAM exhibited high performance with more than 1400 switching cycles, 102–103 on/off ratio, and low operation voltage, and high- and low-resistance states could be maintained for more than 10,000 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To form a tungsten disulfide film, a tungsten trioxide film is deposited first and then hydrogen sulfide is injected into the furnace tube to sulfide the tungsten trioxide film in a high-temperature environment. Due to the need to accurately control the thickness of tungsten trioxide, the power of the RF sputtering machine was reduced as much as possible in a stable condition in the experiment and the bias voltage during each process was monitored. In this experiment, a sapphire substrate and a silicon substrate with 200 nm silicon dioxide are used. Then use optical instruments such as Raman optics, ellipsometers and high-resolution electron transmission microscopes, atomic force microscopes and other instruments for further measurement. The analysis results show that we have successfully made tungsten disulfide films of different thicknesses. Moreover, two-dimensional tungsten disulfide thin film has a response to light, gas and pH and related devices have been successfully fabricated in experiments. Among them, comparing the single-layer film and the double-layer film, the film quality of the double-layer film is better. The quality of the film grown on the sapphire substrate is also better than the quality of the film grown on the silicon dioxide substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors reported the fabrication of a dual-junction (2J) GaN solar cell (SC) with hybrid tunnel junction (TJ) layers. Compared with the single-junction (1J) SCs, it was found from the XRD spectra that the crystal quality of the SC with TJ was almost identical. However, the efficiencies of bottom 1J SC, top 1J SC, and 2J SC increase from 1.18 to 1.07, 1.12 to 1.20, and 1.59 to 1.73, respectively, when the concentrated suns increased from 1 to 100 suns. It was found that the use of hybrid TJ layers could result in a higher conversion efficiency in 2J SC and was essential in SCs for serially connecting multiple active junctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brucellosis is a globally prevalent zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp. posing significant threats to animal and human health. In this study, a novel lytic brucellaphage designated Y17 was isolated from sheep fecal samples collected in Ludian County, Yunnan Province, China. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Y17 was composed of an icosahedral head (48.1 ± 2 nm) and a short tail (10.8 ± 1 nm), making it the smallest brucellaphage described so far. The optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) for phage Y17 is 0.001, with a burst size of ~187 PFU/cell, the largest value reported for any brucellaphage, and it has a relatively short latent period. It exhibits broad pH and temperature stability, retaining activity even after 1 h of exposure to ultraviolet radiation and various ethanol concentrations. Y17 shows strong lytic activity against Brucella abortus and can also infect some Brucella melitensis strains. The Y17 genome spans 38,025 bp with a GC content of 48.2%, making it the smallest genome among brucellaphages to date. It lacks virulence, antibiotic resistance, or lysogenic genes, indicating its potential as a safe biocontrol agent. Whole-genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis reveals high homology across all lytic brucellaphages, but Y17 exhibits relatively lower genome coverage compared to other lytic brucellaphages. Genomic collinearity comparison revealed that Y17 lacks some terminal fragments present in the genomes of other lytic brucellaphages. Furthermore, compared to brucellaphages with genomes larger than 40 kb, Y17 also lacks segments corresponding to ORF21 (amidase), ORF28 (hypothetical protein), and ORF29 (carbohydrate-binding protein). Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Y17 is closely related to phages Iz, Bk2, S708, Wb, R/C, Pr, and Bk. Moreover, the capsid gene shows significantly higher conservation in comparison with the tail collar and amidase genes. This study significantly enriches the brucellaphage database and highlights the potential of Y17 as a biocontrol agent for managing brucellosis in endemic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate biomarkers associated with poor clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) by utilizing comprehensive datasets from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) databases GSE41258, GSE39582, and GSE44861. We initially identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to the GSE41258 dataset to reveal key gene modules associated with CRC. Enrichment analyses were conducted to gain insights into the underlying biology of CRC, particularly focusing on pathways linked to the identified gene modules. Our analysis unveiled a distinct module strongly correlated with CRC carcinogenesis, with significant pathways related to extracellular matrix organization and vasculature development. Furthermore, we identified nine candidate genes (CDH11, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL5A1, COL5A2, FAP, SPARC, SULF1, and THY1) as potential crosstalk genes across various datasets. Notably, eight of these candidate genes exhibited a significant correlation with poor overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in CRC patients, suggesting their potential as prognostic biomarkers. Experimental validation using short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown in HCT116 cells demonstrated that silencing of these candidate genes significantly impaired cancer cell proliferation, providing biological evidence supporting their functional roles in CRC progression. Our integrative approach offers a comprehensive understanding of the molecular landscape of CRC and identifies promising biomarkers for further exploration and validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) treatment on surgical indicators, inflammatory factors, and functional recovery in patients with chronic osteomyelitis secondary to open tibial fractures. Methods: In total, 87 patients with secondary bone infection after internal fixation of tibial fracture treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University from December 2020 to June 2022 were selected, all of whom were tibial shaft fractures. Of these, 55 cases of primary open fracture were sutured in the first stage; 32 cases underwent internal fixation after primary debridement at the time of trauma. The patients were treated with surgical debridement, removal of internal fixation, and fixation with an external fixation frame. After debridement, those with local wounds that could not be completely closed and were complicated with exposed bone were randomly selected for either VSD covering treatment (study group, n=46) or bone cement covering treatment (control group, n=41. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria, surgical indicators, inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor⁃α(TNF⁃α), interleukin⁃6 (IL⁃6), and C⁃reactive protein (CRP) levels], functional recovery [knee, ankle, and limb function recovery], and complications were summarized. Results: There were 87 pathogenic bacteria strains in 87 patients, including 43 Gram⁃positive bacteria strains (49.42%), 32 Gram⁃negative bacteria strains (36.78%), and 12 fungi strains (13.80%). The number of dressing changes in the study group was less than that in the control group. The infection control time, wound sterility time, hospitalization time, and skin flap transfer operation time in the study group were shorter than those in the control group and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of TNF⁃α, IL⁃6, and CRP in the two groups decreased, among which the change in the study group was the most significant and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score and Baird–Jackson score of the two groups increased, among which the change in the study group was the most significant and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The excellent and good rate of the study group (95.65%) was higher than the excellent and good rate of the control group (80.49%) and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: When a wound cannot be closed, VSD treatment of patients with secondary bone infection after internal fixation of tibial fracture can improve the level of surgical indicators and inflammatory factor levels in patients, and promote the recovery of patients' limb function, and is thus worthy of clinical promotion and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke, particularly in geriatric populations. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated cardiovascular benefits, but their effects on stroke risk may vary by age. This study aimed to explore the age-dependent effects of SGLT2i on stroke risk in patients with AF and DM. Methods: This historical longitudinal follow-up cohort study included 9,669 patients with AF and DM from the National Taiwan University Hospital database (2010–2020). Patients were stratified into three age groups (< 75, 75–89, and ≥ 90 years) to compare SGLT2i users and non-users within each age group. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate stroke risk, adjusting for CHA₂DS₂-VASc score and oral anticoagulant use. Interaction analysis assessed age-specific SGLT2i effects. Results: In patients aged < 75 years, SGLT2i use significantly reduced stroke risk (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.44–0.88, P < 0.05). Stroke risk was neutral in patients aged 75–89 years (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.60–1.50), but significantly increased in those aged ≥ 90 years (HR 5.04, 95% CI 1.20–21.1, P < 0.05). Interaction analysis confirmed a significant age-dependent effect (aged ≥ 90 years x SGLT2i use HR 6.39, 95% CI 1.49–27.40, P < 0.05). Conclusions: The impact of SGLT2i on stroke risk varies significantly by age. While protective in younger patients, SGLT2i may increase stroke risk in those aged ≥ 90 years. These findings highlight the importance of age-specific considerations in prescribing SGLT2i for patients with AF and DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract.We, in this article, construct a weighted estimator of conditional density for a left-truncated and right-censored model by using empirical likelihood idea. When observations are assumed to be a stationary α-mixing sequence, we study consistency with rate and asymptotic normality of the weighted estimator. Also, a Berry-Esseen type bound for the weighted estimator is established. Simulation study is done to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of rice straw brittleness on its efficacy as roughage for ruminants, in comparison to a wild-type variety, utilizing an in vitro study approach. The experimental design was a complete randomized design (CRD). The experimental treatments included various breeds of rice straw (RS), such as the wild-type (WT, T1), the green brittle bred line 8 and line 13 with brittleness level-3 (GBL8-B3, T2 and GBL13-B3, T3), and the purple brittle bred line 8 with brittleness level-5 (PBL8-B5, T4). The findings revealed that the brittleness RS group had higher levels of crude protein and hemicellulose, and lower levels of cellulose compared to the wild-type group. Brittleness RS varieties showed a significantly greater gas production accumulation (p = 0.001) and IVDMD (p = 0.003) compared to the WT group. At 8 h post-incubation, the brittleness RS group showed significantly higher (p = 0.004) total of volatile fatty acids concentration compared to the WT group. After 1 h of post-incubation, GBL8-B3 exhibited the highest (p = 0.032) proportion of propionate and the lowest (0.009) C2:C3 ratio. Additionally, the brittleness RS did not have any effect on the population of ruminal microorganisms. Based on the brittleness of RS, it can be deduced that it has a greater potential as a roughage source when compared to the wild-type variety, consequently enhancing the quality of RS for roughage intake by ruminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lumbar oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF stand-alone) procedures have become a common treatment for various spinal conditions, including spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis. However, cage subsidence following OLIF stand-alone procedures is a significant concern that can compromise the surgical outcomes.To investigate the occurrence of cage subsidence following OLIF procedures and identify the relevant factors influencing cage subsidence.A retrospective analysis was conducted on 86 patients who underwent elective OLIF stand-alone procedures at the Affiliated People's Hospital of Qingdao University between 2019 and 2023. Patients were categorized into two groups based on disc height (DH) subsidence: cage non-subsidence group (< 2 mm) and cage subsidence group (> 2 mm). General and imaging data were collected pre-surgery, post-surgery, and at six months follow-up. Single-factor analysis identified factors influencing cage subsidence, followed by multi-factor regression analysis on these variables to determine their impact.When the degree of DH subsidence in the last follow-up (M6) was evaluated, among the 86 patients (102 segments), 26 patients (25.49%) fulfilled the criteria for cage subsidence. Factors with clinical and statistical significance in the single-factor analysis were incorporated into the multi-factor analysis, and it was found that the mean CT value of the concerned segment, multifidus area, and severe multifidus atrophy were relevant risk factors for cage subsidence; the protective factors for cage subsidence were degree III zygapophyseal joint degeneration, posterior cage position, and end-plate inflammation sclerosis (P < 0.05).Surgeons should be cautious in preoperatively identifying patients at risk of cage subsidence, particularly those with a low mean CT value of the concerned segment or severe multifidus atrophy. During surgery, selecting a cage of adequate length to span the epiphyseal ring and align with the original DH can help protect paravertebral muscles from iatrogenic injury and reduce the risk of cage subsidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in more than 100 genomic regions associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to identify novel AF genes in Taiwanese population by multi-stage GWAS., Methods: In exploratory stage, we did GWAS with whole genome genotypes (4,512,191 SNPs) in 516 AF Patients from National Taiwan University AF registry (NTUAFR) and 5160 normal sinus rhythm controls from Taiwan Biobank. Significant loci were replicated in 1002 independent patients and 2003 controls, and in UK biobank. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping and transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) were performed to implicate functional significance., Results: Stage I GWAS revealed 3 loci associated with AF with genome-wide significance level, including one close to PITX2 gene (chromosome 4q25, rs2723329, minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.50 vs 0.41, P=1.53×10-10), another close to RAP1A gene (also to previous KCND3; chromosome 1p13.2, rs7525578, MAF 0.17 vs 0.07, P= 1.24×10-26) and one novel locus close to HNF4G gene (chromosome 8q21.13, rs2980218, MAF 0.44 vs 0.35, P=2.19×10-9). They were validated in stage II population. The eQTL analyses showed significant colocalization of 1p13.2 locus with RAP1A gene expression in fibroblasts and 8q21.13 locus with HNF4G expression in lymphocytes. There's significant association of RAP1A gene expression in fibroblasts and HNF4G in lymphocytes and brain with AF., Conclusions: GWAS in Taiwan revealed PITX2 and RAP1A/KCND3 loci and novel AF locus (HNF4G) with most significant locus in the RAP1A locus. RAP1A and HNF4G genes may implicate fibrosis, metabolic and neurogenic pathways in pathogenesis of AF., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.)

The excellent collection ability of the photo-generated holes from the poly-crystalline lead trihalide perovskite thin films to the poly[3-(4-carboxybutyl)thiophene-2,5,-diyl] (P3CT) or poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polymer layer has been used to realize the highly efficient solar cells. The electronic and molecular structures of the p-type polymers play the decisive roles in the photovoltaic responses of the resultant perovskite solar cells. It is fundamental to understand the relation between the material properties and the photovoltaic performance in order to achieve the highest power conversion efficiency. We review the molecular packing, morphological, optical, excitonic, and surface properties of the P3CT and P3HT polymer layers in order to correctly understand the working mechanisms of the resultant solar cells, thereby predicting the required material properties of the used p-type polymers as the efficient hole transport layer., (Creative Commons Attribution license.)

Purpose: Accurate segmentation of the cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerve plays a critical role in identifying and treating different trigeminal nerve-related disorders, including trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, the current manual segmentation process is prone to interobserver variability and consumes a significant amount of time. To overcome this challenge, we propose a deep learning-based approach, U-Net, that automatically segments the cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerve. Methods: To evaluate the efficacy of our proposed approach, the U-Net model was trained and validated on healthy control images and tested in on a separate dataset of TN patients. The methods such as Dice, Jaccard, positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity (SEN), center-of-mass distance (CMD), and Hausdorff distance were used to assess segmentation performance. Results: Our approach achieved high accuracy in segmenting the cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerve, demonstrating robust performance and comparable results to those obtained by participating radiologists. Conclusion: The proposed deep learning-based approach, U-Net, shows promise in improving the accuracy and efficiency of segmenting the cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerve. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first fully automated segmentation method for the trigeminal nerve in anatomic MRI, and it has the potential to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of various trigeminal nerve-related disorders, such as TN., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2025 Li-Ming Hsu et al. International Journal of Biomedical Imaging published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)