6 results on '"Chasekwa, Bernard"'
Search Results
2. Maternal inflammatory and microbial drivers of low birthweight in low- and middle-income countries.
- Author
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Broad, Jonathan, Robertson, Ruairi C., Evans, Ceri, Perussolo, Jeniffer, Lum, Gina, Piper, Joe D., Loucaides, Eva, Ziruma, Asaph, Chasekwa, Bernard, Ntozini, Robert, Bourke, Claire D., and Prendergast, Andrew J.
- Subjects
MIDDLE-income countries ,PREMATURE labor ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,GREY literature ,BIRTH weight - Abstract
Low birthweight (LBW) is when an infant is born too soon or too small, and it affects one in seven infants in low- and middle-income countries. LBW has a significant impact on short-term morbidity and mortality, and it impairs long-term health and human capital. Antenatal microbial and inflammatory exposure may contribute to LBW. Ovid-Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched for English-language articles evaluating inflammatory, microbial or infective causes of LBW, small-for-gestational age, intra-uterine growth restriction or prematurity. Inclusion criteria were human studies including published data; conference abstracts and grey literature were excluded. A narrative synthesis of the literature was conducted. Local infections may drive the underlying causes of LBW: for example, vaginitis and placental infection are associated with a greater risk of prematurity. Distal infection and inflammatory pathways are also associated with LBW, with an association between periodontitis and preterm delivery and environmental enteric dysfunction and reduced intra-uterine growth. Systemic maternal infections such as malaria and HIV are associated with LBW, even when infants are exposed to HIV but not infected. This latter association may be driven by chronic inflammation, co-infections and socio-economic confounders. Antimicrobial prophylaxis against other bacteria in pregnancy has shown minimal impact in most trials, though positive effects on birthweight have been found in some settings with a high infectious disease burden. Maternal inflammatory and infective processes underlie LBW, and provide treatable pathways for interventions. However, an improved understanding of the mechanisms and pathways underlying LBW is needed, given the impact of LBW on life-course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Inflammation and epithelial repair predict mortality, hospital readmission, and growth recovery in complicated severe acute malnutrition
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Sturgeon, Jonathan P., primary, Tome, Joice, additional, Dumbura, Cherlynn, additional, Majo, Florence D., additional, Ngosa, Deophine, additional, Mutasa, Kuda, additional, Zyambo, Kanekwa, additional, Besa, Ellen, additional, Chandwe, Kanta, additional, Kapoma, Chanda, additional, Mwapenya, Benjamin, additional, Nathoo, Kusum J., additional, Bourke, Claire D., additional, Ntozini, Robert, additional, Chasekwa, Bernard, additional, Smuk, Melanie, additional, Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Mutsa, additional, Amadi, Beatrice, additional, Kelly, Paul, additional, and Prendergast, Andrew J., additional
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- 2024
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4. Neonatal mortality risk of vulnerable newborns by fine stratum of gestational age and birthweight for 230 679 live births in nine low‐ and middle‐income countries, 2000–2017
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Hazel, Elizabeth A., primary, Erchick, Daniel J., additional, Katz, Joanne, additional, Lee, Anne C. C., additional, Diaz, Michael, additional, Wu, Lee S. F., additional, West, Keith P., additional, Shamim, Abu Ahmed, additional, Christian, Parul, additional, Ali, Hasmot, additional, Baqui, Abdullah H., additional, Saha, Samir K., additional, Ahmed, Salahuddin, additional, Roy, Arunangshu Dutta, additional, Silveira, Mariângela F., additional, Buffarini, Romina, additional, Shapiro, Roger, additional, Zash, Rebecca, additional, Kolsteren, Patrick, additional, Lachat, Carl, additional, Huybregts, Lieven, additional, Roberfroid, Dominique, additional, Zhu, Zhonghai, additional, Zeng, Lingxia, additional, Gebreyesus, Seifu H., additional, Tesfamariam, Kokeb, additional, Adu‐Afarwuah, Seth, additional, Dewey, Kathryn G., additional, Gyaase, Stephaney, additional, Poku‐Asante, Kwaku, additional, Boamah Kaali, Ellen, additional, Jack, Darby, additional, Ravilla, Thulasiraj, additional, Tielsch, James, additional, Taneja, Sunita, additional, Chowdhury, Ranadip, additional, Ashorn, Per, additional, Maleta, Kenneth, additional, Ashorn, Ulla, additional, Mangani, Charles, additional, Mullany, Luke C., additional, Khatry, Subarna K., additional, Ramokolo, Vundli, additional, Zembe‐Mkabile, Wanga, additional, Fawzi, Wafaie W., additional, Wang, Dongqing, additional, Schmiegelow, Christentze, additional, Minja, Daniel, additional, Msemo, Omari Abdul, additional, Lusingu, John P. A., additional, Smith, Emily R., additional, Masanja, Honorati, additional, Mongkolchati, Aroonsri, additional, Keentupthai, Paniya, additional, Kakuru, Abel, additional, Kajubi, Richard, additional, Semrau, Katherine, additional, Hamer, Davidson H., additional, Manasyan, Albert, additional, Pry, Jake M., additional, Chasekwa, Bernard, additional, Humphrey, Jean, additional, and Black, Robert E., additional
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- 2024
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5. Bifidobacterium longum modifies a nutritional intervention for stunting in Zimbabwean infants.
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Gough EK, Edens TJ, Carr L, Robertson RC, Mutasa K, Ntozini R, Chasekwa B, Geum HM, Baharmand I, Gill SK, Mutasa B, Mbuya MNN, Majo FD, Tavengwa N, Francis F, Tome J, Evans C, Kosek M, Prendergast AJ, and Manges AR
- Abstract
Child stunting is an indicator of chronic undernutrition and reduced human capital. However, it remains a poorly understood public health problem. Small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) have been widely tested to reduce stunting, but have modest effects. The infant intestinal microbiome may contribute to stunting, and is partly shaped by mother and infant histo-blood group antigens (HBGA). We investigated whether mother-infant fucosyltransferase status, which governs HBGA, and the infant gut microbiome modified the impact of SQ-LNS on stunting at age 18 months among Zimbabwean infants in the SHINE Trial ( NCT01824940 ). We found that mother-infant fucosyltransferase discordance and Bifidobacterium longum reduced SQ-LNS efficacy. Infant age-related microbiome shifts in B. longum subspecies dominance from infantis , a proficient human milk oligosaccharide utilizer, to suis or longum , proficient plant-polysaccharide utilizers, were partly influenced by discordance in mother-infant FUT2+/FUT3- phenotype, suggesting that a "younger" microbiome at initiation of SQ-LNS reduces its benefits on stunting.
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- 2024
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6. Neonatal mortality risk of vulnerable newborns by fine stratum of gestational age and birthweight for 230 679 live births in nine low- and middle-income countries, 2000-2017.
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Hazel EA, Erchick DJ, Katz J, Lee ACC, Diaz M, Wu LSF, West KP Jr, Shamim AA, Christian P, Ali H, Baqui AH, Saha SK, Ahmed S, Roy AD, Silveira MF, Buffarini R, Shapiro R, Zash R, Kolsteren P, Lachat C, Huybregts L, Roberfroid D, Zhu Z, Zeng L, Gebreyesus SH, Tesfamariam K, Adu-Afarwuah S, Dewey KG, Gyaase S, Poku-Asante K, Boamah Kaali E, Jack D, Ravilla T, Tielsch J, Taneja S, Chowdhury R, Ashorn P, Maleta K, Ashorn U, Mangani C, Mullany LC, Khatry SK, Ramokolo V, Zembe-Mkabile W, Fawzi WW, Wang D, Schmiegelow C, Minja D, Msemo OA, Lusingu JPA, Smith ER, Masanja H, Mongkolchati A, Keentupthai P, Kakuru A, Kajubi R, Semrau K, Hamer DH, Manasyan A, Pry JM, Chasekwa B, Humphrey J, and Black RE
- Abstract
Objective: To describe the mortality risks by fine strata of gestational age and birthweight among 230 679 live births in nine low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017., Design: Descriptive multi-country secondary data analysis., Setting: Nine LMICs in sub-Saharan Africa, Southern and Eastern Asia, and Latin America., Population: Liveborn infants from 15 population-based cohorts., Methods: Subnational, population-based studies with high-quality birth outcome data were invited to join the Vulnerable Newborn Measurement Collaboration. All studies included birthweight, gestational age measured by ultrasound or last menstrual period, infant sex and neonatal survival. We defined adequate birthweight as 2500-3999 g (reference category), macrosomia as ≥4000 g, moderate low as 1500-2499 g and very low birthweight as <1500 g. We analysed fine strata classifications of preterm, term and post-term: ≥42
+0 , 39+0 -41+6 (reference category), 37+0 -38+6 , 34+0 -36+6 ,34+0 -36+6 ,32+0 -33+6 , 30+0 -31+6 , 28+0 -29+6 and less than 28 weeks., Main Outcome Measures: Median and interquartile ranges by study for neonatal mortality rates (NMR) and relative risks (RR). We also performed meta-analysis for the relative mortality risks with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by the fine categories, stratified by regional study setting (sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia) and study-level NMR (≤25 versus >25 neonatal deaths per 1000 live births)., Results: We found a dose-response relationship between lower gestational ages and birthweights with increasing neonatal mortality risks. The highest NMR and RR were among preterm babies born at <28 weeks (median NMR 359.2 per 1000 live births; RR 18.0, 95% CI 8.6-37.6) and very low birthweight (462.8 per 1000 live births; RR 43.4, 95% CI 29.5-63.9). We found no statistically significant neonatal mortality risk for macrosomia (RR 1.1, 95% CI 0.6-3.0) but a statistically significant risk for all preterm babies, post-term babies (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.5) and babies born at 370 -386 weeks (RR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.4). There were no statistically significant differences by region or underlying neonatal mortality., Conclusions: In addition to tracking vulnerable newborn types, monitoring finer categories of birthweight and gestational age will allow for better understanding of the predictors, interventions and health outcomes for vulnerable newborns. It is imperative that all newborns from live births and stillbirths have an accurate recorded weight and gestational age to track maternal and neonatal health and optimise prevention and care of vulnerable newborns., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
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