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Background and Aims Methods Results Interpretation Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a common neurological condition in elderly adults. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with diabetic and chemotherapy‐induced neuropathy, but its role in idiopathic PN, in which no underlying cause of neuropathy can be identified, has not been investigated.Two hundred thirty patients with idiopathic PN enrolled in the Peripheral Neuropathy Research Registry (PNRR) at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine had vitamin D testing information on record. Linear and logistic regressions were used to investigate the relationship between absolute vitamin D level or vitamin D insufficiency (<20 ng/mL) and both the severity of neuropathy as measured by the reduced total neuropathy score (TNSr) and severity of neuropathic pain.Sixteen (7%) patients were vitamin D insufficient (<20 ng/mL). Controlling for factors known to correlate with severity of neuropathy, there was no correlation between absolute vitamin D levels and TNSr (correlation coefficient 0.01, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.07, p = .59) and no association between vitamin D insufficiency and TNSr (correlation coefficient 0.3, 95% CI −2.8 to 3.4, p = .86). Vitamin D insufficiency was not associated with the presence of neuropathic pain (OR 4.1, 95% CI 0.6–26.0, p = .13), and there was no correlation between vitamin D levels and pain score (correlation coefficient 0.01, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.03, p = .59).In a single‐center cohort of patients with idiopathic PN, there was no correlation between vitamin D levels and the severity of neuropathy or neuropathic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]