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Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) constitute an important cause of hospital-acquired infection associated with morbidity, mortality, and cost. The aim of these guidelines is to provide updated recommendations for the diagnosis and management of CRBSI in adults. Prevention of CRBSI is excluded. Experts in the field were designated by the two participating Societies (the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology and [SEIMC] and the Spanish Society of Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units [SEMICYUC]). Short-term peripheral venous catheters, non-tunneled and long-term central venous catheters, tunneled catheters and hemodialysis catheters are covered by these guidelines. The panel identified 39 key topics that were formulated in accordance with the PICO format. The strength of the recommendations and quality of the evidence were graded in accordance with ESCMID guidelines. Recommendations are made for the diagnosis of CRBSI with and without catheter removal and of tunnel infection. The document establishes the clinical situations in which a conservative diagnosis of CRBSI (diagnosis without catheter removal) is feasible. Recommendations are also made regarding empirical therapy, pathogen-specific treatment (coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcusspp., Gram-negative bacilli, and Candidaspp.), antibiotic lock therapy, diagnosis and management of suppurative thrombophlebitis and local complications.

La existencia de pacientes colonizados es una de las principales vías de propagación de las bacterias multirresistentes, y su contención una prioridad asistencial y de salud pública. Los estudios de vigilancia son imprescindibles para una detección precoz de la colonización por estas bacterias. Este artículo aborda los diferentes métodos microbiológicos, basados en el cultivo y moleculares, para la detección del estado de portador de bacterias multirresistentes. Se incluyen aquellas especies de mayor interés debido a su impacto clínico/epidemiológico y a las dificultades terapéuticas que generan: Staphylococcus aureusresistente a meticilina, Enterococcusspp. resistente a los glucopéptidos, enterobacterias productoras de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido o β-lactamasas plasmídicas de tipo AmpC, enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas, Acinetobacter baumanniimultirresistente y Pseudomonas aeruginosamultirresistente. La información recogida en este documento debe considerarse como una estructura matriz que deberá adaptarse a las necesidades específicas de cada centro.