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As a rare medicinal plant, Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata)as a medicinal use history of more than 2,000 years. In order to offer scientific references for developing and applying G. elata, the research gathered range of related publications through employing different electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and CNKI. Through conducting a comprehensive search, the research progress on G. elata was explored systematically from such aspects as folk and traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. This genus, involves about 67 species, 9 varieties, nearly 700 classical formulations, and 630 metabolites, among which metabolites contain 360 chemical constituents, 243 volatile constituents, and 27 trace elements. Besides, in the analysis of modern pharmacology, it is found that G. elata has many different functions, such as anti-anxiety and anti-depressant activity, neurodegenerative diseases treatment, anti-convulsive activity, and improvement of memory activities, anti-cancer, and 25 other pharmacological activities. It was previously found that G. elata serves a possibly medicinal and edible plant that has abundant, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities, which can be broadly used in the pharmaceutical and food industry. At present, the clinical and food research on G. elata expanding. However, the utilization of Gastrodia resources remains suboptimal, with many traditional formulas receiving insufficient attention in research and development. Meanwhile, few studies have focused on non-medicinal parts and the characterization of polysaccharide structures. This implies that to provide a theoretical basis for the development and reasonable uses of Gastrodia resources, it is essential to further conduct comprehensive research on the genus, classical formulas, non-medicinal parts and the characterization of polysaccharide structures of Gastrodia.

Compound Shougong Powder (CSP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation recognized for its efficacy in reducing swelling and relieving pain. It is primarily used clinically for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, research on the chemical compounds present in CSP remains limited. In this study, we employed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS E ) combined with multiple data processing techniques to comprehensively characterize the chemical compounds in CSP. This included a multiple-point screening mass defect filtering (MDF), an enhanced method based on conventional MDF and boundary theory that creates a polygonal filtering zone by connecting numerous endpoints (n ≥ 5) to filter target components. Additional techniques utilized were extracted ion chromatogram (EIC), neutral loss filtering (NLF), diagnostic fragment ion filtering (DFIF), and direct identification methods considering retention time, fragmentation behavior, and reference standards. First, UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS E was applied for comprehensive profiling of CSP's chemical compounds. Then, R language combined with MZmine was used for data preprocessing, enabling the construction of an ion information list to extract valid data. Eventually, through these multiple data processing techniques, a total of 116 chemical compounds in CSP were identified, including 34 flavonoids, 38 saponins, seven stilbenes, six anthraquinones, 12 organic acids, 13 terpenoids, and six others. In summary, this study elucidates the chemical composition of CSP, contributing to the discovery of potential active ingredients for CSP. Additionally, the established strategy provided a powerful guide for the chemical characterization of TCM., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)