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Disease-resistant grass carp (DR-GGC) was obtained by backcrossing gynogenetic grass carp (GGC, 2n = 48, female) with common grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus [GC], 2n = 48, male). The genetic constitution and the potential mutation associated with growth dominance in DR-GGC were analyzed by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), whole-genome resequencing (WGRS) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). The GISH results showed partial translocations and deletions in the chromosomes of DR-GGC compared with GC. The WGRS results demonstrated that there were numerous genetic variations between DR-GGC and its parents, among which DR-GGC had the highest genomic heterozygosity and GGC had the highest genomic purity. The RNA-seq results revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in cellular processes and immune pathways in DR-GGC and GGC compared with GC. Meanwhile, the combined analysis of WGRS and RNA-seq identified DEGs with overlapping mutation loci in DR-GGC and GGC compared with GC. These DEGs were significantly enriched in the pathways of growth, metabolism, and immunity, including cellular metabolism, biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and extra cellular matrix (ECM) receptor interactions. These results provide a genetic basis for exploring the better growth characteristics and disease resistance of DR-GGC than GC, valuable information on the genetic breeding for grass carp, and a further understanding of the genetic characteristics of gynogenetic individuals.

Bach’s Well-tempered Clavier is the greatest work of Bach keyboard music, it contains 48 preludes and fugue, it is one of Bach’s representative works of music creation. This paper firstly inputs MIDI data of Bach’s Welltempered Clavier, and then constructs the analysis model of Bach’s Well-tempered Clavier. The experimental results show that the envelope of the number of occurrences of each musical note is in the shape of a double hump, indicating that the statistical number of musical notes played by the right hand or the left hand should be in the shape of a single camel peak in the musical range.

A Gram-stain-negative, light khaki, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile via multiple flagella, and catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated as SSM4.3T, was isolated from the seaweed of Gouqi Island in the East China Sea. The novel isolate grows at 0–5.0% NaCl concentrations (w/v) (optimum 1%), pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), and 15–37 °C (optimum 30 °C). The 16S rRNA gene sequences-based phylogeny indicates that the novel marine isolate belongs to the family Rhizobiaceae and that it shared the greatest sequence similarity (98.9%) with Peteryoungia rhizophila CGMCC 1.15691T. This classification was also supported by phylogenetic analysis using core genes. The predominant fatty acids (≥ 10%) of the strain were identified as C18:1 ω7c/C18:1 ω6c. Q-10 was identified as the major isoprenoid quinone, with trace levels of Q-9 present. The major polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The complete genome size of strain SSM4.3T is 4.39 Mb with a DNA G+C content of 61.3%. The average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, and average amino acid identity values between the genomes of strain SSM4.3T and its closely related representatives were 74.80–86.93%, 20.00–32.30%, and 70.30–91.52%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis, grounded on the core genes, reveals the evolutionary relationship between SSM4.3T and other Peteryoungia strains. Pan-genomics analysis of 8 previously classified Peteryoungia species and SSM4.3T revealed their unique genetic features and functions. Overall, strain SSM4.3T was considered to be a new species of the Peteryoungia genus; the name Peteryoungia algae sp. nov. has been proposed, with type strain SSM4.3T (= LMG 32561 = MCCC 1K07170). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double-sided planetary grinding (DSPG) with a fixed abrasive is widely used in sapphire substrate processing. Compared with conventional free abrasive grinding, it has the advantages of high precision, high efficiency, and environmental protection. In this study, we propose a material removal rate (MRR) model specific to the fixed-abrasive DSPG process for sapphire substrates, grounded in the trajectory length of abrasive particles. In this paper, the material removal rate model is obtained after focusing on the theoretical analysis of the effective number of abrasive grains, the indentation depth of a single abrasive grain, the length of the abrasive grain trajectory, and the groove repetition rate. To validate this model, experiments were conducted on sapphire substrates using a DSPG machine. Theoretical predictions of the material removal rate were then juxtaposed with experimental outcomes across varying grinding pressures and rotational speeds. The trends between theoretical and experimental values showed remarkable consistency, with deviations ranging between 0.2% and 39.2%, thereby substantiating the model's validity. Moreover, leveraging the insights from this model, we optimized the disparity in the material removal rate between two surfaces of the substrate, thereby enhancing the uniformity of the machining process across both surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of Li metal anodes (LMAs) can satisfy the requirements of high-energy-density rechargeable batteries. However, LMAs are plagued by dendrite formation, low coulombic efficiency (CE), and interfacial side reactions. Here, a metal–organic framework (MOF) with high specific area and 1D aligned molecular channels is designed and prepared as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) to regulate the interfacial stability of LMAs. The porous structure enables the accommodation of the liquid electrolyte, while the Li+ transport channel promotes uniform lithium deposition and mitigates dendrite growth. The open metal sites in the MOF facilitate the entrapment of anions, thereby impeding anion migration and improving Li+ transport kinetics. Owing to these advantages, cells based on MOF modified copper current collectors exhibit a high CE of 98.6% for 200 cycles at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mA h cm−2. The symmetric cell shows an improved lifespan of 2000 h with a small voltage hysteresis of 25 mV at 0.5 mA cm−2 and 1 mA h cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrolyte chemistry is crucially important for promoting the practical application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Here, we demonstrate for the first time that 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate (DIDP) and trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetate (TMSF) can undergo in situ transesterification in carbonate electrolyte to generate dimethyl trimethylsilyl phosphate (DTMSP) and 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium trifluoroacetate (DITFA) as multifunctional additives for LMBs. H2O and HF can be removed by the Si−O group in DTMSP to improve the moisture resistance of electrolyte and the stability of cathode. Furthermore, the dissolution of lithium nitrate (LiNO3) in carbonate electrolyte can be promoted by the trifluoroacetate anion (TFA−) in DITFA, thereby optimizing the solvation structure and transport kinetics of Li+. More importantly, both DTMSP and DITFA tend to preferential redox decomposition due to the low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and high highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Consequently, a thin and robust layer rich in P/N/Si on the cathode and an inorganic‐rich layer (e.g. Li3N/Li3P) on the anode can be constructed and superior electrochemical performances are achieved. This artificial transesterification strategy to introduce favorable additives paves an efficient and ingenious route to high‐performance electrolyte for LMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a Linear Joule Engine Generator (LJEG) powered by ammonia and hydrogen co-combustion to tackle decarbonisation in the electrification of transport propulsion systems. A dynamic model of the LJEG, which integrates mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetics sub-models, as well as detailed combustion chemistry analysis for emissions, is presented. The dynamic model is integrated and validated, and the LJEG performance is optimised for improved performance and reduced emissions. At optimal conditions, the engine could generate 1.96 kWe at a thermal efficiency of 34.3% and an electrical efficiency of 91%. It is found that the electromagnetic force of the linear alternator and heat addition from the external combustor and engine valve timing have the most significant influences on performance, whereas the piston stroke has a lesser impact. The impacts of hydrogen ratio, oxygen concentration, inlet pressure, and equivalence ratio of ammonia-air on nitric oxide (NO) formation and reduction are revealed using a detailed chemical kinetic analysis. Results indicated that rich combustion and elevated pressure are beneficial for NO reduction. The rate of production analysis indicates that the equivalence ratio significantly changes the relative contribution among the critical NO formation and reduction reaction pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 8-16-4 graphyne, a recently identified two-dimensional carbon allotrope, exhibits distinctive mechanical and electrical properties, making it a candidate material for flexible electronic applications. This study endeavors to enhance our comprehension of the fracture behavior and mechanical properties of 8-16-4 graphyne. The mechanical properties of 8-16-4 graphyne were evaluated through molecular dynamics simulations, examining the impact of boundary conditions, temperature, and strain rate, as well as the coupled interactions between temperature, vacancy defects, and microcracks. The findings reveal that 8-16-4 graphyne undergoes fracture via the cleavage of ethylene bonds at a critical strain value of approximately 0.29. Variations in boundary conditions and strain rate influence the fidelity of tensile simulation outcomes. Temperature, vacancy concentration, and the presence of microcracks markedly affect the mechanical properties of 8-16-4 graphyne. In contrast to other carbon allotropes, 8-16-4 graphyne exhibits a diminished sensitivity to vacancy defects in its mechanical performance. However, carbon vacancies at particular sites are more prone to initiating cracks. Furthermore, pre-existing microcracks within the material can potentially alter the fracture mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The superconductivity in systems containing dispersionless (flat) bands is seemingly paradoxical, as traditional Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory requires an infinite enhancement of the carrier masses. However, the combination of flat and steep (dispersive) bands within the multiple band scenario might boost superconducting responses, potentially explaining high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates and metal hydrides. Here, we report on the magnetic penetration depths, the upper critical field, and the specific heat measurements, together with the first-principles calculations for the Mo5Si3−xPx superconducting family. The band structure features a flat band that gradually approaches the Fermi level as a function of phosphorus doping x, reaching the Fermi level at x ≃ 1.3. This leads to an abrupt change in nearly all superconducting quantities. The superfluid density data placed on the ’Uemura plot‘ results in two separated branches, thus indicating that the emergence of a flat band enhances correlations between conducting electrons.R. Khasanov et al. report thermodynamic and muon-spin-rotation measurements on the Mo5Si3−xPx superconducting family. They find that a flat band reaches the Fermi level at x ≃ 1.3, leading to enhancement of electronic correlations and an abrupt change of the superconducting properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Transition metal‐catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation has been proven to be a powerful approach for the synthesis of chiral alcohols. Herein, a highly efficient and enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of dibenzoheptaheterocyclic ketones catalyzed by an arene‐tethered TsDPEN‐based Rh(III) catalyst has been successfully developed, and a variety of dibenzoheptaheterocyclic ketones were reduced by a 1/1 mixture of formic acid and DBU (1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene) with high yields and enantioselectivities. With this method, the asymmetric reduction of 7,8‐difluorodibenzo[b,e]thiepin‐11(6H)‐one has been realized, providing the key intermediate of baloxavir marboxil with >99% yield and >99% ee at a substrate/catalyst molar ratio of 1000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon‐based materials have been regarded as the most flourishing anode materials owing to the incomparable specific capacity. However, their commercial application is obstructed by huge volume expansion and particle pulverization, which subsequently lead to the stress concentration and the loss of electrical contact, eventually resulting in poor cycling stability and lousy rate performance. Herein, an ion‐conductive binder with boosted ion‐conductivity is proposed by free radical polymerization between acrylic acid and lithiated 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid (LiAMPS). With the aid of ample sulfonic acid anionic groups, rapid lithium‐ion diffusion can be achieved to improve the transport kinetics and rate performance. Meanwhile, superior mechanical properties of binder can alleviate the stress concentration to avoid particle pulverization by noncovalent hydrogen bond. The synergistic strategy of constructing lithium‐ion diffusion pathway and alleviating the stress concentration can make a preeminent improvement on Li+ diffusion coefficient and maintain a high structural integrity of electrode. Benefiting from the synergistic effect, the SiOx microparticle anode delivers a high capacity of 587.8 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 1C and preeminent rate performance of 648.6 mAh g−1 at 5C. Such a synergistic design strategy endows P(AA‐co‐LiAMPS) binder with a promising potential for high energy density silicon‐based anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]