Search

Objective·To explore the role of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) in osteochondral regeneration.Methods·Bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and knee joint chondrocytes were obtained from New Zealand rabbits. A-PRF was obtained by low-speed centrifugation of the heart blood of rabbits. The histological structure of A-PRF was observed by an optical microscope. The release of growth factors in A-PRF was detected by ELISA, including platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, insulin-like growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor. A-PRF's cytotoxicity and capability for promoting the proliferation of rabbit BMSCs were detected by live/dead double staining and MTT methods. The effect of A-PRF on the gene expression of type Ⅱ collagen, aggrecan, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) in rabbit BMSCs was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Transwell chambers were used to determine the effect of A-PRF on the migration ability of rabbit BMSCs and the chondrocytes. Rabbit knee osteochondral defect models were established, and 18 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups. The A-PRF group (n=6) was implanted with A-PRF in the defect, the A-PRF+BMSCs group (n=6) was implanted with rabbit BMSCs on A-PRF, and the control group (n=6) did not undergo implantation. The rabbits were sacrificed 12 weeks after surgery and the knee joint specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H-E), toluidine blue and safranin O/fast green. Based on the surface morphology and histology of the knee joints, the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) scoring system was used for macroscopic and histological scoring.Results·A-PRF had a loose network structure and can slowly release growth factors. No cytotoxicity to rabbit BMSCs was observed after adding A-PRF, and the the capability for promoting the proliferation of rabbit BMSCs was significantly increased at 24, 48 and 72 h after adding A-PRF (all P

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy, with a strong tendency towards local invasion and metastasis. The SRY-Box Transcription Factor 1 (SOX1) gene, a member of the HMG-box family of DNA-binding transcription factors, plays a crucial role in embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. However, its role in osteosarcoma, particularly in relation to metastatic potential, is not well understood. Methods: The GSE14359 dataset containing five samples of conventional osteosarcoma and four samples of lung metastatic osteosarcoma was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed for differential gene expression using the R language. Gene expression was detected using qPCR and Western blotting. Transcriptional activity was assessed by Luciferase reporter gene assays, and cell metastatic ability was assessed by migration and invasion assays. Results: The study demonstrated that SOX1 binds to a specific response element within the Transmembrane 4 Superfamily Member 12 (TSPAN12) promoter, upregulating TSPAN12 and its associated inflammatory pathways. Silencing TSPAN12 markedly reduces SOX1-mediated osteosarcoma cell invasion and inflammatory response, while TSPAN12 overexpression reverses these effects in SOX1-suppressed cells. Conclusion: In this study, our findings elucidate SOX1's role in enhancing osteosarcoma metastasis via TSPAN12 upregulation, offering new insights into the molecular mechanisms of osteosarcoma progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochar and green manure have been widely applied in agricultural production and are important means to achieve sustainable agriculture. However, there is limited research systematically and comprehensively exploring the response of soil microbiota and the changes in soil metabolomics after the addition of two different carbon source amendments to the soil, and the differential mechanisms of soil metabolomics between them remain unclear. In this study, a long-term field experiment (initiated in 2019) was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar and green manure application on soil nutrients and soil functions driven by soil microbes. Compared to the pure fertilizer treatment, biochar increased soil total carbon by 14.54% to 27.04% and soil available potassium by 4.67% to 27.46%. Ryegrass significantly increased soil available phosphorus and organic matter. Under different fertilization regimes, the ecological niches of soil microbes changed significantly. Network analysis revealed that long-term ryegrass returning reduced the complexity of soil microbial networks. Ryegrass and biochar increased dispersal limitation in fungal assemblages (reaching 93.33% and 86.67%, respectively), with biochar particularly enhancing variable selection in bacterial assemblages (accounting for 53.33%). Variation partitioning analysis based on redundancy analysis indicated that humic substances had the highest explanatory power for microbial community variation, with humic substances explaining 38.49% of bacteria and 52.19% of fungi variation. The ryegrass treatment mainly changed the abundance of carbohydrates (CH), amines (AM), c (AH), and lipids (LP), while the BC treatment mainly altered the abundance of organic acids (AC), amines (AM), and carbohydrates (CH). Meanwhile, both treatments significantly reduced the bisphenol A, one of the soil pollutants. Ryegrass incorporation significantly increased the abundance of genes related to soil C, N, P, and S cycling, especially genes involved in carbon decomposition, while biochar significantly enhanced the abundance of nitrogen fixation genes nifH and Hao in soil. Random forest model results indicated that carbohydrates, alcohols, aromatics (AR), and ester (ES) were the main categories of metabolites in soil influenced by differential microbes, and Finegoldia served as a common important metabolic driving species. In summary, this study reveals the processes of soil function, microbial community succession, and metabolism driven by ryegrass and biochar, providing important insights for optimizing soil management and improving soil quality. Highlights: Ryegrass green manure (RG) and biochar (BC) induced the simplification of microbial networks and an increase in fungi's random assembly processes. RG promoted denitrification and carbon degradation functional genes, while BC enhanced nitrogen fixation genes. RG accelerated soil energy flow by promoting M00307 and M00061. In RG-treated soil, the main metabolites were Carbohydrates, while in BC-treated soil, the main metabolites were Acids and Amines. Both treatments reduced soil pollutant bisphenol A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The year 2023 will mark the tenth year of China's pilot water rights program, with China's overall water use efficiency improving and the water-related industry continuing to grow. Due to the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in China, there still exists the real problem of resource-type water shortage and structural water shortage, in which the problem of water poverty is particularly prominent. In order to alleviate water poverty, this paper constructs a water poverty indicator system and measures it, uses a double difference model to study whether the water trading policy is effective in alleviating water poverty, and establishes a tripartite evolutionary game model to simulate the behavioral strategies of the relevant stakeholders in water trading. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) the degree of water poverty in China's 31 provinces and municipalities from 2008 to 2022 shows a decreasing trend in general, but there are still regional differences; (2) the pilot policy of water rights trading effectively alleviates the situation of water poverty in China, and the alleviation effect is especially obvious for the western region; (3) The degree of government subsidy, the price of water rights trading, the degree of government punishment for non-trading behavior, and the extra income gained from water rights trading all affect the degree of water poverty of both parties to the water rights trading. Therefore, we should continue to improve the water rights trading platform, promote the construction of a diversified water use market, and strengthen the monitoring, measurement and supervision of water rights trading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Asthma is routinely treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Asthma patients on ICS are at increased risk of adrenal suppression, a potentially serious effect of long‐term glucocorticoid exposure; however, this relationship is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to identify metabolite biomarkers related to adrenal suppression in asthma patients taking ICS. Methods: A total of 571 urine metabolites from 200 children with asthma on ICS in the Pharmacogenetics of Adrenal Suppression with Inhaled Steroids (PASS) cohort were profiled. Samples were grouped by peak plasma cortisol measurement as adrenal sufficient (>350 nmol/L) or insufficient (≤350 nmol/L) (outcome). Regression and discriminant‐based statistical models combined with network analyses were utilized to assess relationships between metabolites and the outcome. Finally, prioritized metabolites were validated using data from an ancillary study of the Childhood Asthma Management (CAMP) cohort with similar characteristics to PASS. Results: Ninety metabolites were significantly associated with adrenal suppression, of which 57 also could discriminate adrenal status. While 26 metabolites (primarily steroids) were present at lower levels in the adrenal insufficient patients, 14 were significantly elevated in this group; the top metabolite, mannitol/sorbitol, was previously associated with asthma exacerbations. Network analyses identified unique clusters of metabolites related to steroids, fatty acid oxidation, and nucleoside metabolism, respectively. Four metabolites including urocanic acid, acetylcarnitine, uracil, and sorbitol were validated in CAMP cohort for adrenal suppression. Conclusions: Urinary metabolites differ among asthma patients on ICS, by adrenal status. While steroid metabolites were reduced in patients with poor adrenal function, our findings also implicate previously unreported metabolites involved in amino acid, lipid, and nucleoside metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influenza, a severe respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus, has long been a prominent threat to human health. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that oral administration with probiotics may increase the immune response to lung infection via the gut-lung axis leading to the alleviation of the pulmonary disease. In this study, we evaluated the effects of oral administration of Pediococcus pentosaceus MIANGUAN2 (MIANGUAN2) on influenza infection in a mouse model. Our results showed that oral administration of MIANGUAN2 significantly improved weight loss, lung index, and lung pathology, and decreased lung viral load of influenza-infected mice. Additionally, MIANGUAN2-treated mice showed significantly lower levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-12p70 and higher production of IL-4 in the lung. In accordance with this, the transcriptome analysis of the lung indicated that MIANGUAN2-treated mice had reduced expression of inflammation markers, such as TNF, apoptosis, and the NF-Kappa B pathway. Furthermore, the administration of MIANGUAN2 restored the SCFAs profiles through regulating the gut microbiota. SCFA-producing bacteria, such as p_Firmicutes, f_Lachnospiraceae, and f_Ruminococcaceae, were enriched in the MIANGUAN2-treated group compared with PBS-treated group. Consistently, the concentrations of SCFAs in the MIANGUAN2 group were significantly higher than those in the PBS-treated group. In addition, the concentrations of SCFAs were positively correlated with SCFA-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, while being negatively correlated with the virial titers and proinflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, this animal study suggests that Pediococcus pentosaceus MIANGUAN2 may alleviate the influenza infection by altering the gut microbiota composition and increasing the levels of gut microbiota-derived SCFAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we prove that the electrical Lie algebra e D 5 is isomorphic to the semidirect product of s p 4 and a 2-step nilpotent Lie algebra. Furthermore, we classify the irreducible highest weight modules for e D 5 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]