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Abstract Glioma is the most aggressive intracranial malignancy and is associated with poor survival rates and limited quality of life, impairing neuropsychological function and cognitive competence in survivors. The Proteasome Subunit Alpha Type-5 (PSMA5) is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that has been linked with tumor progression but is rarely reported in glioma. This study investigates the expression pattern, prognostic characteristics, and potential biological functions of PSMA5 in glioma. PSMA5 was significantly overexpressed in 28 types of cancer when compared to normal tissue. Furthermore, elevated levels of PSMA5 were observed in patients with wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and exhibited a positive correlation with tumor grade. It was also found to be a standalone predictor of outcomes in glioma patients. Additionally, inhibiting PSMA5-induced cell cycle arrest may provide a therapeutic option for glioma.

Financial transfer has the functions of allocating financial resources and income redistribution, which is of great significance to reduce the income gap. From the perspective of financial transfer, based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 1998 to 2019, this manuscript introduces the bilateral stochastic frontier method, constructs a measurement model of farmers' income distribution including the influence channels of financial transfer, and tests the effect of different financial transfer channels on Farmers' income distribution. The empirical results show that the financial transfer within the sample interval increases the income distribution of farmers, which shows the distribution characteristics of "differentiation at both ends and convergence in the middle" in general. There are obvious differences in the impact of different financial transfer paths on Farmers' income distribution. Farmers' income distribution is directly proportional to inflation, and inversely proportional to financial and educational expenditure and rural economic growth. Under the two characteristic factors of regional factors and rural financial development level, the impact of financial transfer on Chinese farmers' income distribution shows heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major bridge linking satellite-derived vertical column densities (VCDs) of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with ground-level concentration is theoretically the NO2 mixing height (NMH). Various meteorological parameters have been used as a proxy of NMH in existing studies. This study developed a nested machine learning model to convert VCDs of NO2 into ground-level NO2 concentrations across China using Geostationary Environmental Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) measurements. This nested model was designed to directly incorporate NMH into the methodological framework and explore its impact on performance. The inner machine learning model predicted the NMH from the meteorological parameters, which were then input into the main machine learning model to predict the ground-level NO2 concentrations from its VCDs. The inclusion of NMH significantly enhanced the accuracy of estimating ground-level NO2 concentration, reducing bias and improving R² values to 0.93 in 10-fold cross-validation and 0.99 in the fully-trained model. Furthermore, NMH was identified as the second most important predictor variable, following the VCDs of NO2. Subsequently, satellite-derived ground-level NO2 data were analyzed across subregions with varying geolocations and urbanization levels. Highly populated areas typically experienced peak NO2 concentrations during early morning rush hours, whereas areas categorized as lightly populated observed a slight increase in NO2 levels one or two hours later, likely due to regional pollutant dispersion from urban sources. This study underscores the importance of incorporating NMH in estimating ground-level NO2 from satellite column measurements and highlights the significant advantages of geostationary satellites in providing detailed air pollution information at an hourly resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of low permeation flux and low salt rejection of polyamide (PA) nanofiltration (NF) membrane, this study improved the surface properties and structure of PA layer by adding hydrophilic GO nanosheets. Polyethylimide (PEI), GO and trimethylchloride (TMC) were prepared on the surface of polyether sulfone (PES) substrate by interfacial polymerization. After adding GO, the hydrophilicity and zeta potential of NF membrane were improved. The NF test showed that when the amount of GO was 0.1%, the permeation flux of the membrane was increased from 7.06 to 12.285 L·m-2·h-2 (improve 73.94%), and the rejection of MgSO4 was increased from 90.23% to 95.9%. In the test of repulsion of univalent ion and bivalent ion, the repulsion value of bivalent ion is above 95%, and the repulsion degree of univalent ion is moderate. Compared with the original TFC membrane, the composite membrane also showed higher anti-fouling. This study provides a shortcut for improving the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties of NF membranes by using GO nanosheets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study reported the surgical details and outcomes in a case of totally robotic total gastrectomy (TRTG) using the da Vinci Xi robotic system, aiming to share surgical experience in difficult procedures during TRTG and add evidence supporting the feasibility and safety of TRTG. Methods: A 55-year-old male patient diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal junction underwent TRTG via the da Vinci Xi robotic system in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center on January 10, 2024. The surgical details and perioperative outcomes were summarized. Results: With an estimated blood loss of 100 ​ml, the operation lasted 210 ​min, including an anastomosis time of 36 ​min. During a postoperative hospital stay of 7 days, the patient started liquid diet after the removal of gastric tube on the third day. There were no perioperative complications. Postoperative radiography demonstrated no evidence of anastomotic fistulas or luminal narrowing. The final pathology revealed a 4.5∗1.5 ​cm gastric adenocarcinoma with 10/61 positive lymph nodes. The pathological stage of this patient was pT3N3aM0 IIIB. Conclusions: This successful surgery reflected the effectiveness of minimally invasive surgery for total gastrectomy through a totally intracorporeal robotic approach. Future research is warranted to further validate the feasibility and safety of performing TRTG.

Tremendous studies have been engaged in exploring the application of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) as it provides opportunities for next-generation batteries with excellent safety and high energy density. Among the existing SSEs, newly developed halide SSEs have become a hot spot owing to their high ionic conductivity up to 1 mS cm−1 and their stability against high-voltage cathode. As a result, halide SSEs have been shown to be promising candidates for all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Here, we review the progress of halide SSEs and available modification strategies of halide SSE-based batteries. First, halide SSEs are divided into four different categories, including halide SSEs with divalent metal, trivalent metal, tetravalent metal, and non-metal central elements, to overview their progress in the studies of their ionic conductivity, crystal structure, conductive mechanism, and electrochemical properties. Then, based on their existing drawbacks, three sorts of modification strategies, classified as chemical doping, interfacial modification, and composite electrolytes, along with their impacts on halide SSE-based batteries, are summarized. Finally, some perspectives toward halide SSE research are put forward, which will help promote the development of halide SSE-based batteries.