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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine a current approach to en bloc para-aortic lymphadenectomy and to compare the results of this new approach performed by way of laparotomy and endoscopically. Methods: This study was conducted on 191 patients with endometrial cancer (EC) who had undergone para-aortic lymph node (PaLN) dissection with the current method (en. bloc paraaortic lymphadenectomy; protect inferior mesenteric artery and superior hypogastric plexus) between January 2015 and September 2019. A description of the paraaortic lymphadenectomy technique was made in this study. Harvested lymph node counts, operational information, pathological features, postoperative complications, recurrence were presented. Results: A total of 191 EC patients were analyzed in two separate groups with regard to surgical approach. Open and minimally invasive surgery was composed of 141 and 50 patients, respectively. There was no difference between the groups in respect of age, body mass index, menopausal status, anesthesia time, chylous ascites, the presence of recurrence. We found in open surgery group that pre-operative CA125 level, amount of intraoperative bleeding, erythrocyte suspension transfusion, number of PaLNs, metastatic PaLN counts, and early postoperative complications were significantly higher than the other group. Conclusion: The current method has some advantages such as protecting normal body structures, resulting in the same lymph node counts with published articles by other authors previously, and having lower recurrence rates. Two approaches of the current technique are feasible, easy to perform and effective.

Abstract An under-recognised aspect of the current humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza is the impact of the war on the environment and the associated risks for human health. This commentary contextualises these impacts against the background of human suffering produced by the overwhelming violence associated with the use of military force against the general population of Gaza. In calling for an immediate cessation to the violence, the authors draw attention to the urgent need to rebuild the health care system and restore the physical and human infrastructure that makes a liveable environment possible and promotes human health and well-being, especially for the most vulnerable in the population. Environmental remediation should therefore form one of the most important parts of international efforts to assist reconstruction, through which we hope Palestinians and Israelis will achieve lasting peace, health, and sustainable development, all as part of accepted international human rights obligations.

Introduction: Brain tumors in pregnancy are a pathology that implies risk for both maternal and fetal health, currently there is no guideline regarding the indications for surgical management in this group of patients; therefore, it is considered a case of interest. Case Report: We describe the case of a 39-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with a posterior fossa cystic hemangioblastoma during her 19-week pregnancy. In view of this imaging finding and the clinical presentation, in conjunction with maternal fetal medicine, it was decided to perform a suboccipital craniectomy to remove the lesion. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were compatible with a hemangioblastoma. Postoperative evolution was satisfactory, and the patient was discharged from the hospital 5 days after surgery. Conclusions: The presence of a brain tumor associated with pregnancy implies a high risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, requiring multidisciplinary management and a treatment team with surgical experience.

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a challenge in Neuro‐oncology, with a poor prognosis showing only a 5% survival rate beyond two years. This is primarily due to its aggressiveness and intra‐tumoral heterogeneity, which limits complete surgical resection and reduces the efficacy of existing treatments. The existence of oncostreams—neuropathological structures comprising aligned spindle‐like cells from both tumor and non‐tumor origins‐ is discovered earlier. Oncostreams are closely linked to glioma aggressiveness and facilitate the spread into adjacent healthy brain tissue. A unique molecular signature intrinsic to oncostreams, with overexpression of key genes (i.e., COL1A1, ACTA2) that drive the tumor's mesenchymal transition and malignancy is also identified. Pre‐clinical studies on genetically engineered mouse models demonstrated that COL1A1 inhibition disrupts oncostreams, modifies TME, reduces mesenchymal gene expression, and extends survival. An in vitro model using GFP+ NPA cells to investigate how various treatments affect oncostream dynamics is developed. Analysis showed that factors such as cell density, morphology, neurotransmitter agonists, calcium chelators, and cytoskeleton‐targeting drugs influence oncostream formation. This data illuminate the patterns of glioma migration and suggest anti‐invasion strategies that can improve GBM patient outcomes when combined with traditional therapies. This work highlights the potential of targeting oncostreams to control glioma invasion and enhance treatment efficacy.

The aims of this work were to evaluate the expression of histamine H3 receptor (H3R) in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) samples and to investigate the antitumoral efficacy and safety of the LINS01 series of H3R antagonists, through in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches. Antitumor activity of LINS01009, LINS01010, LINS01022, LINS01023 was assayed in vitro in 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells (0.01–100 μM), and in vivo in 4T1 tumors orthotopically established in BALB/c mice (1 or 20 mg/kg). Additionally, H3R expression was assessed in 50 human TNBC samples. We have described a higher H3R mRNA expression in basal-like/TNBC tumors vs. matched normal tissue using TCGA Pan-Cancer Atlas data, and a higher H3R expression in human tumor samples vs. peritumoral tissue evidenced by immunohistochemistry associated with poorer survival. Furthermore, while all the essayed compounds showed antitumoral properties, LINS01022 and LINS01023 exhibited the most potent antiproliferative effects by: i) inducing cell apoptosis and suppressing cell migration in 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, and ii) inhibiting cell growth in paclitaxel-resistant 4T1 cells (potentiating the paclitaxel antiproliferative effect). Moreover, 20 mg/kg LINS01022 reduced tumor size in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, exhibiting a safe toxicological profile and potential for druggability estimated by ADME calculations. We conclude that the H3R is involved in the regulation of TNBC progression, offering promising therapeutic potential for the novel LINS01 series of H3R antagonists.

Globalization and the increasing complexity of supply chains have allowed food fraud to expand to a great extent. Some of the most serious effects of these deceitful activities are damage to a brand’s reputation and trust, economic losses, and public health risks. The usual victims of food fraud are dairy, meat, fish, and seafood products, as well as fats/oils and alcoholic drinks. The purpose of this review paper is to present an updated analysis of the currently available anticounterfeit technologies and their application to the four most fraud-affected food supply chains. An assessment that was conducted to determine when the adoption of a combination of technologies could enhance food safety and brand protection is also provided. The obtained results indicate that electronic and data-driven technologies (RFID devices and digital traceability systems) are still in their infancy in the food sectors that are subjected the most to fraudulent activities. Research is necessary to develop innovative digital and physical technologies to “outsmart” such fraudsters and to prevent their illicit actions in the food sector.

Marine macroalgae are the habitat of epiphytic bacteria and provide several conditions for a beneficial biological interaction to thrive. Although Bacillus is one of the most abundant epiphytic genera, genomic information on marine macroalgae-associated Bacillus species remains scarce. In this study, we further investigated our previously published genome of the epiphytic strain Bacillus altitudinis 19_A to find features that could be translated to potential metabolites produced by this microorganism, as well as genes that play a role in its interaction with its macroalgal host. To achieve this goal, we performed a pan-genome analysis of Bacillus sp. and a codon bias assessment, including the genome of the strain Bacillus altitudinis 19_A and 29 complete genome sequences of closely related Bacillus strains isolated from soil, marine environments, plants, extreme environments, air, and food. This genomic analysis revealed that Bacillus altitudinis 19_A possessed unique genes encoding proteins involved in horizontal gene transfer, DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, and bacteriocin biosynthesis. In this comparative analysis, codon bias was not associated with the habitat of the strains studied. Some accessory genes were identified in the Bacillus altitudinis 19_A genome that could be related to its epiphytic lifestyle, as well as gene clusters for the biosynthesis of a sporulation-killing factor and a bacteriocin, showing their potential as a source of antimicrobial peptides. Our results provide a comprehensive view of the Bacillus altitudinis 19_A genome to understand its adaptation to the marine environment and its potential as a producer of bioactive compounds.

Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are one of the most worrying complications orthopedic surgeons could face; thus, methods to prevent them are evolving. Apart from systemic antibiotics, targeted strategies such as local antimicrobial coatings applied to prosthetics have been introduced. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the main antimicrobial coatings available in arthroplasty orthopedic surgery practice. The search was performed on the PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases, focusing on antimicrobial-coated devices used in clinical practice in the arthroplasty world. While silver technology has been widely adopted in the prosthetic oncological field with favorable outcomes, recently, silver associated with hydroxyapatite for cementless fixation, antibiotic-loaded hydrogel coatings, and iodine coatings have all been employed with promising protective results against PJIs. However, challenges persist, with each material having strengths and weaknesses under investigation. Therefore, this narrative review emphasizes that further clinical studies are needed to understand whether antimicrobial coatings can truly revolutionize the field of PJIs.

Purpose: Insomnia is a common psychiatric disorder that has oxidative and degenerative effects on the brain. It is thought that the brain's processes affect the retina through their synaptic connections. However, the effects of sleep disorders on the retina and choroid are not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the impact of insomnia on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), central foveal thickness, retinal layers, and choroidal thickness. Methods: The right eye of 16 healthy controls and 15 patients with insomnia complaints for 3 months, no history of psychiatric drug use, and an Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score of 15 or higher were included in the study. The retinal layers and RNFL analyses were performed using optical coherence tomography (OCT), and choroidal layers were analyzed using enhanced depth imaging OCT. Results: Nasal and temporal ganglion cell complex thicknesses were significantly lower in patients with insomnia compared to the controls (97 μm vs. 111 μm P = 0.004; 94 μm vs. 105 μm P = 0.012, respectively). A significant negative correlation was detected between the ISI score and global RNFL thickness (rho, P = 0.03) Additionally, pachychoroid-like vascular structures were observed in choroidal images. Conclusion: These changes in the retina and the choroid layers due to insomnia may be precursors to retinal degenerative conditions, such as age-related macular degeneration that may occur in the future. Multicenter studies including more patients are needed to demonstrate the importance of quality sleep for eye health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine a current approach to en bloc para-aortic lymphadenectomy and to compare the results of this new approach performed by way of laparotomy and endoscopically. Methods: This study was conducted on 191 patients with endometrial cancer (EC) who had undergone para-aortic lymph node (PaLN) dissection with the current method (en. bloc paraaortic lymphadenectomy; protect inferior mesenteric artery and superior hypogastric plexus) between January 2015 and September 2019. A description of the paraaortic lymphadenectomy technique was made in this study. Harvested lymph node counts, operational information, pathological features, postoperative complications, recurrence were presented. Results: A total of 191 EC patients were analyzed in two separate groups with regard to surgical approach. Open and minimally invasive surgery was composed of 141 and 50 patients, respectively. There was no difference between the groups in respect of age, body mass index, menopausal status, anesthesia time, chylous ascites, the presence of recurrence. We found in open surgery group that pre-operative CA125 level, amount of intraoperative bleeding, erythrocyte suspension transfusion, number of PaLNs, metastatic PaLN counts, and early postoperative complications were significantly higher than the other group. Conclusion: The current method has some advantages such as protecting normal body structures, resulting in the same lymph node counts with published articles by other authors previously, and having lower recurrence rates. Two approaches of the current technique are feasible, easy to perform and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An under-recognised aspect of the current humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza is the impact of the war on the environment and the associated risks for human health. This commentary contextualises these impacts against the background of human suffering produced by the overwhelming violence associated with the use of military force against the general population of Gaza. In calling for an immediate cessation to the violence, the authors draw attention to the urgent need to rebuild the health care system and restore the physical and human infrastructure that makes a liveable environment possible and promotes human health and well-being, especially for the most vulnerable in the population. Environmental remediation should therefore form one of the most important parts of international efforts to assist reconstruction, through which we hope Palestinians and Israelis will achieve lasting peace, health, and sustainable development, all as part of accepted international human rights obligations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cyanobacterium Prochloron didemni, an obligate symbiont of different species of colonial ascidians, occurring in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, produces a variety of cyclic peptides. These patellamide‐type macrocycles lead to relatively stable dicopper(II) complexes that are extremely efficient carbonic anhydrase mimics, the most active model systems known so far. Importantly, it recently was shown that copper(II) is coordinated to patellamide derivatives in Prochloron cells. An interesting question therefore is, whether the biological function of patellamide‐type macrocycles is related to the catalytic activity in CO2 hydration or its reverse. Here, we present a computational study to evaluate the energetics of the catalytic cycle in search of a possible answer to these questions and compare the computed energy barriers with the experimental kinetic data. It emerges that release of the bridging carbonate is a critical step and that the catalysis product inhibits catalysis at pH values above approx. 7. Therefore, carbonate transport rather than CO2 hydrolysis is proposed as the biological function of copper(II)‐patellamide complexes in the Prochloron‐Ascidian symbiosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussed are two picolinate appended bispidine ligands (3,7‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives) in comparison with an earlier described bis‐pyridine derivative, which are all known to strongly bind CuII. The radiopharmacological characterization of the two isomeric bispidine complexes includes quantitative labeling with 64CuII at ambient conditions with high radiochemical purities and yields (molar activities >200 MBq/nmol). Challenge experiments in presence of EDTA, cyclam, human serum and SOD demonstrate high stability and inertness of the 64Cu‐bispidine complexes. Biodistribution studies performed in Wistar rats indicate a rapid renal elimination for both 64Cu‐labeled chelates. The bispidine ligand with the picolinate group in N7 position was selected for further biological experiments, and its backbone was therefore substituted with a benzyl‐NCS group at C9. Two tumor target modules (TMs), targeting prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), overexpressed in prostate cancer, and the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in fibrosarcoma, were selected for thiourea coupling with the NCS‐functionalized ligand and lysine residues of TMs. Small animal PET experiments on tumor‐bearing mice showed specific accumulation of the 64Cu‐labeled TMs in PSCA‐ and FAP‐overexpressing tumors (standardized uptake value (SUV) for PC3: 2.7±0.6 and HT1080: 7.2±1.25) with almost no uptake in wild type tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Total hip arthroplasty is one of the most successful orthopedic surgeries; nevertheless, many of these surgeries are the causes of failure, and among them, periprosthetic fractures are one of the major causes of revision. Our study focuses on periprosthetic hip fractures with two different stem designs. The aim of the study was to analyze the obtained results, focusing on the features of periprosthetic stem fractures observed. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed periprosthetic fractures occurring between 2010 and 2023, involving Alloclassic® or CLS® uncemented femoral stems. We analyzed demographic data, proximal femur morphology, and the fracture type. Results: We identified 97 patients. Considering the proximal femur morphology, we found that there was statistically significant prevalence of Dorr A proximal femur morphology in the CLS® group and of Dorr C in the Alloclassic® group. Considering the distribution of the fracture pattern, we reported a non-statistically significant prevalence of the fracture pattern with stable stems in the CLS® group. Conclusions: The choice of the prosthetic design of the femoral stem is a crucial element when planning total hip arthroplasty. However, we found a non-statistically significant difference between the two stems considered, raising questions about the real role of stem design as a primary determinant of periprosthetic hip fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background We aimed to determine the factors associated with sequential blood culture time to positivity (STTP) and validate the previously defined time to positivity (TTP) ratio threshold of 1.5 in predicting adverse disease outcomes and mortality of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). Methods We conducted an observational study of adult patients with SAB. The TTP ratio was calculated by dividing the TTP of the second blood culture by that of the first. Results Of 186 patients, 69 (37%) were female, with a mean age of 63.6 years. Median TTP was 12 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 10–15 hours) from the initial and 21 hours (17–29) from sequential blood cultures. Methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA)–infected patients had significantly shorter STTPs (P <.001) and lower TTP ratios (P <.001) compared to patients with methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA). A significant correlation between initial and STTP was observed in patients with MRSA (r = 0.42, P =.002) but not in those with MSSA. A higher rate of native valve endocarditis (NVE) significantly correlated with a TTP ratio of ≤1.5 (odds ratio, 2.65 [95% confidence interval, 1.3–5.6]; P =.01). The subgroup having an initial TTP <12 hours combined with a TTP ratio ≤1.5 showed the highest prevalence of NVE. Conclusions The STTP varies based on methicillin susceptibility of S aureus isolate. This study suggests a potential clinical utility of the STTP to identify patients at a higher risk of NVE. However, prospective studies are required to validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volleyball is an anaerobic team sport that involves various complex movements and requires adequate body position sense. Therefore, volleyball players' most important physical characteristics are balance, agility, endurance, reaction speed, explosive strength, and quick strength. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between core strength and functional performance of lower extremities in male and female volleyball players. A total of 19 (11 female, eight male) volleyball players aged 16-20 years (11 female, eight male) who were students of Ondokuz Mayıs University Ya, sar Dogu Faculty of Sports Sciences participated in the study voluntarily. The inclusion criteria were determined as athletes with at least three years of active sports history and regular training. Height, weight, and Body Mass Index measurements were taken at the first visit. Then, shuttle test, plank test, push-up, single hop for distance (SH), triple hop for distance (TH), crossover triple hop for distance (CH), medial side triple hop for distance (MSTH), and medial rotation (90°) with hop for distance (MRH) and Y Balance Test were performed with randomized practice cards. When the push-up, sit-up, and plank tests were compared between men and women, a significant difference was found in the shuttle parameter (p>0.05). When the athletes' Single Leg Hop test parameters were evaluated, there was no significant difference, only in SH between the sides in men. At the same time, there was no significant difference only in medial rotation (90°) with hop in women (p>0.05). While there was a significant difference in triple hop for distance, crossover triple hop for distance, medial side triple hop for distance (MSTH) and medial rotation (90°) with hop between the parties in men, a statistically significant difference was found in single hop for distance, triple hop for distance, crossover triple hop for distance, medial side triple hop for distance parameters in women (p<0.05). When single-leg hop Tests LSIs were compared between male and female groups, no statistically significant difference was found in all parameters (p>0.05). When the findings of our study were examined, it was determined that although there was a significant difference in Single Leg Hop test parameters between dominant and non-dominant sides in the groups, the LSI values seen in male and female groups were between normal values, and there was no limb asymmetry. However, there was no difference between genders in LSIs, and similar results were found for men and women. In the core strength tests, while similar results were seen between genders in push-up and plank parameters, the significant difference in the shuttle test revealed that men had better core strength than women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An organocatalytic route has been developed for the isomerization of exo‐vinylene carbonates (exo‐VCs) to endo‐vinylene carbonates (endo‐VCs). The exo‐VC starting material can easily be obtained from propargylic alcohols via cyclization with carbon dioxide. In this study, these exo‐VCs are shown to isomerize to the thermodynamically more stable endo‐VCs in the presence of an N‐heterocyclic base and phenol. Density functional theory (DFT) studies were conducted to elucidate the mechanism, tackling difficulties of the description of charge separation steps. This isomerization process delivers an ample diversity of endo‐VCs in good to excellent yields and chemoselectivities under mild reaction conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to their high reactivity and selectivity, variations in the spin ground state and a range of possible pathways, high‐valent FeIV=O species are popular models with potential bioinspired applications. An interesting example of a structure–reactivity pattern is the detailed study with five nonheme amine‐pyridine pentadentate ligand FeIV=O species, including N4py: [(L1)FeIV=O]2+ (1), bntpen: [(L2)FeIV=O]2+ (2), py2tacn: [(L3)FeIV=O]2+ (3), and two isomeric bispidine derivatives: [(L4)FeIV=O]2+ (4) and [(L5)FeIV=O]2+ (5). In this set, the order of increasing reactivity in the hydroxylation of cyclohexane differs from that with cyclohexadiene as substrate. A comprehensive DFT, ab initio CASSCF/NEVPT2 and DLPNO‐CCSD(T) study is presented to untangle the observed patterns. These are well reproduced when both activation barriers for the C−H abstraction and the OH rebound are taken into account. An MO, NBO and deformation energy analysis reveals the importance of π(pyr) → π*xz(FeIII‐OH) electron donation for weakening the FeIII‐OH bond and thus reducing the rebound barrier. This requires that pyridine rings are oriented perpendicularly to the FeIII‐OH bond and this is a subtle but crucial point in ligand design for non‐heme iron alkane hydroxylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reactivity of FeIII‐alkylperoxido complexes has remained a riddle to inorganic chemists owing to their thermal instability and impotency towards organic substrates. These iron‐oxygen adducts have been known as sluggish oxidants towards oxidative electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions. Herein, we report the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of a relatively stable mononuclear high‐spin FeIII‐alkylperoxido complex supported by an engineered bispidine framework. Against the notion, this FeIII‐alkylperoxido complex serves as a rare example of versatile reactivity in both electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions. Detailed mechanistic studies and computational calculations reveal a novel reaction mechanism, where a putative superoxido intermediate orchestrates the amphoteric property of the oxidant. The design of the backbone is pivotal to convey stability and reactivity to alkylperoxido and superoxido intermediates. Contrary to the well‐known O−O bond cleavage that generates an FeIV‐oxido species, the FeIII‐alkylperoxido complex reported here undergoes O−C bond scission to generate a superoxido moiety that is responsible for the amphiphilic reactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Short stems are designed with a bone preservation philosophy in mind. This study aims to compare the outcomes/complications and survival of a collarless fully hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated conventional tapered stem and a HA-coated partial neck-retaining uncemented short stem in patients ⩽55 years old at medium-term follow-up. Methods: We retrospectively studied 247 uncemented THAs operated between 2010 and 2014, comparing 146 patients treated with the fully HA-coated collarless stem (Group A) with 101 patients treated with a partial neck preserving, HA-coated short stem (Group B). 87 and 62 males were in groups A and B, respectively (p = 0.11). The mean age of the series was 46 years (17–55) (p = 0.16). The mean follow-up of groups A and B were 9.9 (7–12) years and 9.7 (7–12) years, respectively (p = 0.21). Results: Mean Harris Hip Score improved from 55 to 92 in group A (p < 0.001) and from 54 to 95 in group B (p < 0.001), without differences between groups. Mean femoral neck length preservation in groups A and B was 13.6 (0–28) mm and 26 (11–38) mm, respectively (p = 0.001). 13 (8.9%) and 1 (1%) patients in groups A and B presented postoperative complications, respectively (p = 0.008). The conventional stem group had more aseptic loosening (Group A 3.4% vs. Group B 0%, p = 0.06) along with more Symptomatic radiolucent lines (Group A 3.4% vs. Group B 0%, p = 0.06). Conclusions: Both conventional and short stems showed excellent implant survival rates and functional outcomes at a mean follow-up of 9.8 years. However, complications and radiolucent lines were more frequent with a collarless conventional-length stem. Bone preservation of the femoral neck and diaphysis may be preferred in active young patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]