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Grapevine is one of the most economically important fruit crops cultivated worldwide. However, grapevine is highly susceptible to virus infections and exposed to the most diverse forms of viral diseases compared to other fruit crops, and virus-induced incompatibility affects plant growth to different degrees ranging from decline to death. The influence of virus-induced incompatibility could be mitigated to an acceptable level by using appropriate rootstocks. However, the viral tolerance of various grapevine rootstocks with diverse genetic backgrounds remains unclear, along with the identification of the specific viral tolerance factors. In this study, the viral tolerance of 21 grapevine rootstocks was evaluated in a green grafting system. Cabernet Franc varieties infected with a single virus [grapevine leafroll associated virus-1 (GLRaV-1)], a co-infection of two viruses (GLRaV-1 plus grapevine virus A—GVA), and no infection were used as the scions, respectively. The vegetative growth and photosynthetic function of the grafts were analyzed 4 months after grafting. The results indicated that some rootstocks could alleviate the influence of the virus infection, with vegetative growth and photosynthetic function sustained at a normal level, whereas other rootstocks were susceptible to the virus infection, resulting in a decline in the growth and photosynthetic function of the grafts. Our research provides evidence for the existence and diversity of viral tolerance among grapevine rootstocks, offering important information for appropriate rootstock selection in the establishment of new vineyards and in the breeding of grapevine rootstocks with enhanced viral tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waterproof and breathable membranes (WBMs) have gained significant attention as versatile functional materials. However, developing a fluorine-free WBM with waterproofness, breathability, and thermo-regulation performance using a straightforward strategy remains a significant challenge. Direct electrospinning was used to fabricate fluorine-free silicon-based polyurethane/graphene quantum dots/stearic acid (SiPU/GQDs/SA) nanofiber membranes. SA, a phase change material with low surface energy, imparts the nanofiber membrane enhanced hydrophobicity and thermo-regulation performance. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) further increased the phase transition enthalpy of the SiPU/GQDs/SA nanofiber membranes. The resulting SiPU/GQDs/SA-20 WBM demonstrates exceptional water resistance (hydrostatic pressure, 67.8 kPa), good breathability (water vapor transmission (WVT) rate, 5166 g m–2 d–1), remarkable tensile strength (tensile stress, 5.95 MPa), stable thermo-regulation performance (phase transition latent heat, 29.57 J/g), and outstanding anticounterfeiting performance. This fluorine-free, highly protective, and comfortable WBM offers extensive application prospects in fields such as outdoor textiles and electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide. LRCH4 is the top 1 gene associated with an unfavorable prognosis in colorectal cancer., Methods: Here, we reported that the knockdown of LRCH4 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion in HT29 cells., Results: The activity of Yes-Associated Protein (YAP), a transcription factor in the Hppo-YAP signaling pathway, was significantly inhibited by LRCH4-siRNA. LRCH4 knockdown also reversed the EMT and regulated the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, Fibronectin and Collagen IV in HT29 cells. In addition, the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, as the downstream pathway of Yap, was also inhibited by LRCH4 knockdown., Conclusion: Knockdown of LRCH4 involved in the regulation of ECM and EMT and inhibited YAP and the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells. Our study provided a mechanism of LRCH4 on colorectal cancer cells, and a new potential target for clinical tumor treatment., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)