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We present a novel approach to realize three-dimensional (3D) matter wave solitons (MWSs) transformation between different optical potential wells by manipulating their depths and centers. The 3D MWSs are obtained by the square operator method, and transformed to other types (elliptical/ring/necklace) by performing time evolution with the split-step Fourier method. The effectiveness and reliability of our approach is demonstrated by comparing the transformed solitons with those obtained iteratively using the square operator method. Redistribution of MWSs are observed due to the modulation of potentials. In certain complex optical potential wells, we demonstrate the generation of exotic MWSs, such as double gyration modes, through this transformation approach. Overall, the controllable soliton transformation provides an excellent opportunity for all-optical switching, optical information processing, and various other applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study presents an assessment of the interrelations between long-chain branching, specific nucleation, and end-use properties of polypropylene blends: blends of linear polypropylene (L-PP) and long-chain branched polypropylene (LCB-PP) modified by a specific β-nucleating agent (NA). Specimens with various LCB-PP compositions with and without NA were prepared under complex flow fields by injection molding. Wide-angle X-ray scattering was employed to capture the X-ray patterns of both the skin and core of the specimens, determining the overall crystallinity and amounts of individual polymorphs. The increasing content of LCB-PP and γ-phase, at the same time, in the blends is reflected in both increasing crystallinity and improved mechanical properties, namely, yield stress and Young's modulus. On the other hand, the composition of the blends had no significant effect on the impact strength, except for nucleated L-PP. It has been demonstrated that adding a relatively small amount of LCB-PP is sufficient to modify the mechanical properties of linear polypropylene. Even a very small amount of LCB-PP in the L-PP suppressed the effectiveness of NA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in social zeitgebers across the lifespan affect the interaction between biological and social clocks, potentially contributing to social jetlag. Extant literature suggests a reduction in social jetlag given declining social obligations occurring after retirement, but is limited to self-reported methods and cross-sectional designs. Leveraging longitudinal and ecologically valid data from consumer sleep technology, we analysed objective sleep data from 2439 users of the polysomnography-validated SleepScore mobile application, encompassing 500,415 total nights recorded. We examined the relationship between age as a continuous variable, age as a proxy for retirement status, and social jetlag. Additional linear models were employed to assess the effect of self-reported chronotype, average reported daily caffeine, alcohol and stress on social jetlag. There was a significant negative association between overall age and social jetlag (β = -0.64, t = -9.90, p < 0.001, effect size = 0.040), such that every 1-year increase in age corresponded with a 0.64-min reduction in social jetlag. The inclusion of self-reported chronotype, stress, caffeine and alcohol increased the explanatory power of our models slightly, but the effect of age remained consistent (β = -0.642, t = -8.91, p < 0.001, effect size = 0.046). Retirement-aged individuals exhibited nearly 50% less reduction in social jetlag than pre-retirement (30.6 ± 48.2 min versus post-retirement: 15.8 ± 41.6 min, p < 0.0001). While social jetlag after retirement was most pronounced for strong evening chronotypes (β = -0.41, t = -2.876, p = 0.004, effect size = -0.4276), pairwise comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences in the slopes between chronotypes (p > 0.05). Thus, jetlag decreases across the lifespan, and its reduction appears to be amplified post-retirement even after accounting for behavioural factors., (© 2025 European Sleep Research Society.)