12 results on '"Deshpande, Sameer"'
Search Results
2. A Bayesian Classification Trees Approach to Treatment Effect Variation with Noncompliance
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Fisher, Jared D., Puelz, David W., and Deshpande, Sameer K.
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Statistics - Applications ,Statistics - Methodology ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
Estimating varying treatment effects in randomized trials with noncompliance is inherently challenging since variation comes from two separate sources: variation in the impact itself and variation in the compliance rate. In this setting, existing flexible machine learning methods are highly sensitive to the weak instruments problem, in which the compliance rate is (locally) close to zero. Our main methodological contribution is to present a Bayesian Causal Forest model for binary response variables in scenarios with noncompliance. By repeatedly imputing individuals' compliance types, we can flexibly estimate heterogeneous treatment effects among compliers. Simulation studies demonstrate the usefulness of our approach when compliance and treatment effects are heterogeneous. We apply the method to detect and analyze heterogeneity in the treatment effects in the Illinois Workplace Wellness Study, which not only features heterogeneous and one-sided compliance but also several binary outcomes of interest. We demonstrate the methodology on three outcomes one year after intervention. We confirm a null effect on the presence of a chronic condition, discover meaningful heterogeneity impact of the intervention on metabolic parameters though the average effect is null in classical partial effect estimates, and find substantial heterogeneity in individuals' perception of management prioritization of health and safety., Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures
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- 2024
3. Adolescent sports participation and health in early adulthood: An observational study
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Kokandakar, Ajinkya H., Lin, Yuzhou, Jin, Steven, Weiss, Jordan, Rabinowitz, Amanda R., May, Reuben A. Buford, Small, Dylan, and Deshpande, Sameer K.
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Statistics - Applications - Abstract
We study the impact of teenage sports participation on early-adulthood health using longitudinal data from the National Study of Youth and Religion. We focus on two primary outcomes measured at ages 23--28 -- self-rated health and total score on the PHQ9 Patient Depression Questionnaire -- and control for several potential confounders related to demographics and family socioeconomic status. To probe the possibility that certain types of sports participation may have larger effects on health than others, we conduct a matched observational study at each level within a hierarchy of exposures. Our hierarchy ranges from broadly defined exposures (e.g., participation in any organized after-school activity) to narrow (e.g., participation in collision sports). We deployed an ordered testing approach that exploits the hierarchical relationships between our exposure definitions to perform our analyses while maintaining a fixed family-wise error rate. Compared to teenagers who did not participate in any after-school activities, those who participated in sports had statistically significantly better self-rated and mental health outcomes in early adulthood., Comment: The pre-analysis protocol for this study is available at arXiv:2211.02104
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- 2024
4. New directions in algebraic statistics: Three challenges from 2023
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Alexandr, Yulia, Bakenhus, Miles, Curiel, Mark, Deshpande, Sameer K., Gross, Elizabeth, Gu, Yuqi, Hill, Max, Johnson, Joseph, Kagy, Bryson, Karwa, Vishesh, Li, Jiayi, Lyu, Hanbaek, Petrović, Sonja, and Rodriguez, Jose Israel
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Mathematics - Statistics Theory ,62R01 - Abstract
In the last quarter of a century, algebraic statistics has established itself as an expanding field which uses multilinear algebra, commutative algebra, computational algebra, geometry, and combinatorics to tackle problems in mathematical statistics. These developments have found applications in a growing number of areas, including biology, neuroscience, economics, and social sciences. Naturally, new connections continue to be made with other areas of mathematics and statistics. This paper outlines three such connections: to statistical models used in educational testing, to a classification problem for a family of nonparametric regression models, and to phase transition phenomena under uniform sampling of contingency tables. We illustrate the motivating problems, each of which is for algebraic statistics a new direction, and demonstrate an enhancement of related methodologies., Comment: This research was performed while the authors were visiting the Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation (IMSI), which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. DMS-1929348). We participated in the long program "Algebraic Statistics and Our Changing World"
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- 2024
5. The personal and the social: Twin contributors to climate action
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Bradley, Graham L., Deshpande, Sameer, and Paas, Karlien H.W.
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- 2024
- Full Text
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6. Confidently Comparing Estimates with the c-value.
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Trippe, Brian L., Deshpande, Sameer K., and Broderick, Tamara
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NULL hypothesis , *DECISION theory , *STATISTICIANS , *STATISTICS , *DATA modeling - Abstract
Modern statistics provides an ever-expanding toolkit for estimating unknown parameters. Consequently, applied statisticians frequently face a difficult decision: retain a parameter estimate from a familiar method or replace it with an estimate from a newer or more complex one. While it is traditional to compare estimates using risk, such comparisons are rarely conclusive in realistic settings. In response, we propose the "c-value" as a measure of confidence that a new estimate achieves smaller loss than an old estimate on a given dataset. We show that it is unlikely that a large c-value coincides with a larger loss for the new estimate. Therefore, just as a small p-value supports rejecting a null hypothesis, a large c-value supports using a new estimate in place of the old. For a wide class of problems and estimates, we show how to compute a c-value by first constructing a data-dependent high-probability lower bound on the difference in loss. The c-value is frequentist in nature, but we show that it can provide validation of shrinkage estimates derived from Bayesian models in real data applications involving hierarchical models and Gaussian processes. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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7. Developing a Framework of Sustainable Consumption in Retailing Contexts.
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Saha, Victor, Jebarajakirthy, Charles, Sreen, Naman, Goyal, Praveen, Mani, Venkatesh, and Deshpande, Sameer
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Over the years, the retail sector has been showing increasing interest in inculcating sustainable consumption practices and behaviors among their consumers. This study, accordingly, explores how retailers can contribute to addressing consumers' various psychological dispositions to co-create sustainable consumption in the retail context. In that regard, the MAPED framework has been developed corresponding to White et al.'s SHIFT framework for exploring the process and mechanism of co-creating sustainable consumption in the retail sector. This comprehensive conceptual framework has been developed using a methodological approach of critical review and analysis of the extant academic literature on value co-creation and sustainable consumption. Accordingly, this study attempts to contribute to both sustainable consumption and value co-creation literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Social advocacy: a conceptual model to extend post-intervention effectiveness.
- Author
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Campbell, Alexander, Deshpande, Sameer, Rundle-Thiele, Sharyn, and West, Tracey
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Commercial marketing literature highlights benefits from brand advocates who recruit and promote in the interest of the commercial entity. However, a similar focus is lacking on how advocacy can extend the effectiveness of social change initiatives. We utilise a case study to demonstrate the benefit of social advocacy and its impact on behaviour change, and thereby propose an advocacy model. To develop this conceptual model, we discuss several key areas; behaviour change and advocacy, advocate identification, and how to influence advocacy within communities and individuals. This research provides a guiding framework for practitioners to develop programs and interventions with advocacy triggers and strategies to enhance the longevity and effectiveness of social change programs through participant-based advocacy. Thus, giving intervention programs in a variety of organisational structures e.g. non-profit, corporate, government etc. a specific model to increase the effectiveness of social programs. Our paper extends behaviour change literature by leveraging social marketing concepts to modify and extend the transtheoretical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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9. Evaluating plate discipline in Major League Baseball with Bayesian Additive Regression Trees.
- Author
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Yee, Ryan and Deshpande, Sameer K.
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BASEBALL ,BATTING (Baseball) ,DECISION theory ,REGRESSION trees ,CONFIRMATORY factor analysis - Abstract
We introduce a three-step framework to determine at which pitches Major League batters should swing. Unlike traditional plate discipline metrics, which implicitly assume that all batters should always swing at (resp. take) pitches inside (resp. outside) the strike zone, our approach explicitly accounts not only for the players and umpires involved in the pitch but also in-game contextual information like the number of outs, the count, baserunners, and score. We first fit flexible Bayesian nonparametric models to estimate (i) the probability that the pitch is called a strike if the batter takes the pitch; (ii) the probability that the batter makes contact if he swings; and (iii) the number of runs the batting team is expected to score following each pitch outcome (e.g. swing and miss, take a called strike, etc.). We then combine these intermediate estimates to determine whether swinging increases the batting team's run expectancy. Our approach enables natural uncertainty propagation so that we can not only determine the optimal swing/take decision but also quantify our confidence in that decision. We illustrate our framework using a case study of pitches faced by Mike Trout in 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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10. Social media accelerates trolling - just look at Raygun. How can we stop viral moments from spiralling?
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Tuffley, David, Mulcahy, Rory, and Deshpande, Sameer
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SOCIAL media ,HUMAN behavior - Abstract
The article focuses on the rise of online trolling, using the example of Rachael "Raygun" Gunn's experience during the 2024 Paris Olympics. Topics include the role of social media algorithms in amplifying harmful content, the impact of anonymity on online behavior, and strategies to address trolling through improved moderation and education.
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- 2024
11. Can 'Psychological Reactance' be the Secret Sauce to Pro-Environmental Behaviours?
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Parida, Subhadarsini, Sardana, Deepak, Gupta, Narain, Deshpande, Sameer, and Bradley, Graham
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This paper explores the complex relationship between psychological reactance and individuals' willingness to engage in pro-environmental behaviours (WEPEB). The study draws upon the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Agency theory to investigate how psychological reactance impacts subjective agency factors such as subjective personal norms and green identity differently from individual agency factors such as personal causal contribution and climate change distress, as they can differentially influence individuals' commitment to ethical and environmentally friendly practices. This quantitative study collected data from 3,915 individuals in Australia. The study reveals the duality nature of psychological reactance as moderator, reflecting as suppressor for subjective personal norms and green identity on WEPEBs and enabler for personal causal contribution and climate change distress. By recognizing the nuanced interplay between reactance and various factors, our study is important for organizations and policymakers to develop more effective strategies for promoting ethical and environmentally responsible practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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12. Dynamics of Lifestyle Change: The Effect of Pro-Environmental Behaviours on Australians.
- Author
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Parida, Subhadarsini, Sardana, Deepak, Gupta, Narain, Deshpande, Sameer, and Bradley, Graham
- Abstract
This research delves into the complex landscape of Australian perceptions and attitudes toward climate actions, emphasizing the varying perspectives among the population. The study encompassing an extension of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to examine the influence of climate change risk perception, climate change concern, knowledge about climate change, willingness to engage in pro-environmental behaviour, on lifestyle changes. This quantitative study collected data from 3605 individuals in Australia. The theoretical contributions are twofold, to the domain of climate change lifestyle, a groundbreaking application of the TPB to explore psychological determinants of sustainable lifestyle choices. The study also introduces the willingness to engage in pro-environmental behaviour as a mediator, forging novel connections between cognitive factors such as risk perception, concern, and knowledge, and their translation into tangible lifestyle changes in response to climate change. Practically, the study underscores the significance of fostering willingness as a catalyst for broader climate change lifestyle changes, and thus, offers valuable insights for interventions and campaigns aimed at promoting sustainable living. On a policy level, the survey's findings have the potential to inform and shape policy interventions in Australia, encouraging and supporting pro-environmental behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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