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Obtaining information about cellular interactions is fundamental to the elucidation of physiological and pathological processes. Proximity labeling technologies have been widely used to report cellular interactions in situ; however, the reliance on addition of tag molecules typically restricts their application to regions where tags can readily diffuse, while the application in, for example, solid tissues, is susceptible. Here, we propose an "in‐situ‐tag‐generation mechanism" and develop the GalTag technology based on galactose oxidase (GAO) for recording cellular interactions within three‐dimensional biological solid regions. GAO mounted on bait cells can in situ generate bio‐orthogonal aldehyde tags as interaction reporters on prey cells. Using GalTag, we monitored the dynamics of cellular interactions and assessed the targeting ability of engineered cells. In particular, we recorded, for the first time, the footprints of Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) invasion into the bladder tissue of living mice, providing a valuable perspective to elucidate the anti‐tumor mechanism of BCG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) jeopardise uterine function in women, which is a great challenge in the clinic. Previous studies have shown that endometrial perivascular cells (En-PSCs) can improve the healing of scarred uteri and that hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) promotes angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to observe whether the combination of En-PSCs with HSYA could improve the blood supply and fertility in the rat uterus after full-thickness injury. Methods: En-PSCs were sorted by flow cytometry, and the effect of HSYA on the proliferation and angiogenesis of the En-PSCs was detected using CCK-8 and tube formation assays. Based on a previously reported rat IUA model, the rat uteri were sham-operated, spontaneously regenerated, or treated with collagen-loaded PBS, collagen-loaded HSYA, collagen-loaded En-PSCs, or collagen-loaded En-PSCs with HSYA, and then collected at both 30 and 90 days postsurgery. HE staining and Masson staining were used to evaluate uterine structure and collagen fibre deposition, and immunohistochemical staining for α-SMA and vWF was used to evaluate myometrial regeneration and neovascularization in each group. A fertility assay was performed to detect the recovery of pregnancy function in each group. RNA-seq was performed to determine the potential mechanism underlying En-PSCs/HSYA treatment. Immunofluorescence, tube formation assays, and Western blot were used to validate the molecular mechanism involved. Results: The transplantation of Collagen/En-PSCs/HSYA markedly promoted uterine repair in rats with full-thickness injury by reducing fibrosis, increasing endometrial thickness, regenerating myometrium, promoting angiogenesis, and facilitated live births. RNA sequencing results suggested that En-PSCs/HSYA activated the NRG1/ErbB4 signaling pathway. In vitro tube formation experiments revealed that the addition of an ErbB inhibitor diminished the tube formation ability of cocultured En-PSCs and HUVECs. Western blot results further showed that elevated levels of NRG1 and ErbB4 proteins were detected in the Collagen/En-PSCs/HSYA group compared to the Collagen/En-PSCs group. These collective results suggested that the beneficial effects of the transplantation of Collagen/En-PSCs/HSYA might be attributed to the modulation of the NRG1/ErbB4 signaling pathway. Conclusions: The combination of En-PSCs/HSYA facilitated morphological and functional repair in rats with full-thickness uterine injury and may promote endometrial angiogenesis by regulating the NRG1/ErbB4 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empirical evidence suggests that for a variety of overparameterized nonlinear models, most notably in neural network training, the growth of the loss around a minimizer strongly impacts its performance. Flat minima—those around which the loss grows slowly—appear to generalize well. This work takes a step towards understanding this phenomenon by focusing on the simplest class of overparameterized nonlinear models: those arising in low-rank matrix recovery. We analyse overparameterized matrix and bilinear sensing, robust principal component analysis, covariance matrix estimation and single hidden layer neural networks with quadratic activation functions. In all cases, we show that flat minima, measured by the trace of the Hessian, exactly recover the ground truth under standard statistical assumptions. For matrix completion, we establish weak recovery, although empirical evidence suggests exact recovery holds here as well. We complete the paper with synthetic experiments that illustrate our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has attracted significant attention in recent years as it is an innovative approach to tumor treatment. It involves the utilization of sound waves or ultrasound (US) to activate acoustic sensitizers, enabling targeted drug release for precise tumor treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of SDT, encompassing its underlying principles and therapeutic mechanisms, the applications of nanomaterials, and potential synergies with combination therapies. The review begins by introducing the fundamental principle of SDT and delving into the intricate mechanisms through which it facilitates tumor treatment. A detailed analysis is presented, outlining how SDT effectively destroys tumor cells by modulating drug release mechanisms. Subsequently, this review explores the diverse range of nanomaterials utilized in SDT applications and highlights their specific contributions to enhancing treatment outcomes. Furthermore, the potential to combine SDT with other therapeutic modalities such as photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy is discussed. These combined approaches aim to synergistically improve therapeutic efficacy while mitigating side effects. In conclusion, SDT emerges as a promising frontier in tumor treatment that offers personalized and effective treatment options with the potential to revolutionize patient care. As research progresses, SDT is poised to play a pivotal role in shaping the future landscape of oncology by providing patients with a broader spectrum of efficacious and tailored treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of an integrated OPECT biosensor gate and the EC color-changing region on the same chip was carried out, achieving sensitive detection through bioetching-induced signal changes. Enzymatic bioetching enables specific alkaline phosphatase (ALP) detection by catalyzing the production of CdS, which modulates the channel current and generates a visual signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) has caused huge economic losses in the global pig industry. How to realize the sensitive and efficient detection for it is a difficult problem that need to be resolved. In this work, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) detection platform for PDCoV based on nucleic acid level was constructed by combining the advantages of efficient amplification for LAMP and sensitive detection for EIS. Referring to a 159 bp fragment of PDCoV N gene (Genbank：KY078891, 641 bp-799 bp), primers (HS-FIP、BIP、F3、B3) were designed to screened and sulfhydryl groups were activated, and then loop-mediated isothermal amplification was carried out. Subsequently, gold nanoparticles were loaded on indium tin oxide glass by electrodeposition technology, and the amplified products were connected to the electrode surface through the formation of Au–S bonds. According to the difference of charge transfer resistance after double-stranded DNA was connected on the electrode surface, the detection platform can achieve valid detection of PDCoV in the concentration range of 102-107 copies/μL, the limit of detection is 28 copies/μL, and can be used for practical analysis of pig small intestine samples. The schematic illustration of (A) LAMP amplification for PDCoV (B) EIS detection for PDCoV. [Display omitted] • Four PDCoV Primers were screened realizing the efficient PDCoV amplification. • The combination of LAMP and EIS enables efficient and sensitive detection of PDCoV. • This method can satisfy the practical detection of PDCoV in pig small intestine. • The developed platform has the advantages of low cost and simple operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obtaining information about cellular interactions is fundamental to the elucidation of physiological and pathological processes. Proximity labeling technologies have been widely used to report cellular interactions in situ; however, the reliance on addition of tag molecules typically restricts their application to regions where tags can readily diffuse, while the application in, for example, solid tissues, is susceptible. Here, we propose an "in-situ-tag-generation mechanism" and develop the GalTag technology based on galactose oxidase (GAO) for recording cellular interactions within three-dimensional biological solid regions. GAO mounted on bait cells can in situ generate bio-orthogonal aldehyde tags as interaction reporters on prey cells. Using GalTag, we monitored the dynamics of cellular interactions and assessed the targeting ability of engineered cells. In particular, we recorded, for the first time, the footprints of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) invasion into the bladder tissue of living mice, providing a valuable perspective to elucidate the anti-tumor mechanism of BCG., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

An innovative aptasensor incorporating MoS 2 -modified bicolor quantum dots and a portable spectrometer, designed for the simultaneous detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in corn was developed. Carbon dots and CdZnTe quantum dots were as nano-donors to label OTA and AFB1 aptamers, respectively. These labeled aptamers were subsequently attached to MoS 2 receptors, enabling fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). With targets, the labeled aptamers detached from the nano-donors, thereby disrupting the FRET process and resulting in fluorescence recovery. Furthermore, a portable dual-mode fluorescence detection system, complemented with customized python-based analysis software, was developed to facilitate rapid and convenient detection using this dual-color FRET aptasensor. The developed host program is connected to the spectrometer and transmits data to the cloud, enabling the device to have Internet of Things (IoT) characteristics. Connected to the cloud, this IoT-enabled device offers convenient and reliable fungal toxin detection for food safety., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)