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Purpose: Student learning achievement is the output of an educational institution. Achievement of learning achievement is determined by external and internal factors of students. Therefore, the learning achievement of each student varies. This phenomenon prompted this research to examine the influence of the use of social media as an external factor in learning achievement and learning motivation as an internal factor in learning achievement on learning achievement using empirical data. Design/methodology/approach: The research was conducted on 146 cadets of the Semarang Maritime Science Polytechnic (PIP) which was carried out through interviews using a questionnaire. The data obtained was then analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. Findings: From the results of this research it can be proven that social media is statistically proven to have a significant positive effect on learning motivation and learning achievement and learning motivation is statistically proven to have a significant positive effect on learning achievement Research limitations/implications: This research has not categorized internal and external factors. Practical implications: Based on the results of this research, to improve student learning achievement, it can be done through two approaches. First, learning achievement can be improved by increasing students' learning motivation. The second approach to improving learning achievement is through the use or utilization of social media. Originality/value: This research focuses on vocational education. Paper type: Research Paper

Haplotype-resolved genome assemblies were produced for Chasselas and Ugni Blanc, two heterozygous Vitis vinifera cultivars by combining high-fidelity long-read sequencing and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C). The telomere-to-telomere full coverage of the chromosomes allowed us to assemble separately the two haplo-genomes of both cultivars and revealed structural variations between the two haplotypes of a given cultivar. The deletions/insertions, inversions, translocations, and duplications provide insight into the evolutionary history and parental relationship among grape varieties. Integration of de novo single long-read sequencing of full-length transcript isoforms (Iso-Seq) yielded a highly improved genome annotation. Given its higher contiguity, and the robustness of the IsoSeq-based annotation, the Chasselas assembly meets the standard to become the annotated reference genome for V. vinifera. Building on these resources, we developed VitExpress, an open interactive transcriptomic platform, that provides a genome browser and integrated web tools for expression profiling, and a set of statistical tools (StatTools) for the identification of highly correlated genes. Implementation of the correlation finder tool for MybA1, a major regulator of the anthocyanin pathway, identified candidate genes associated with anthocyanin metabolism, whose expression patterns were experimentally validated as discriminating between black and white grapes. These resources and innovative tools for mining genome-related data are anticipated to foster advances in several areas of grapevine research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Endoreduplication, during which cells increase their DNA content through successive rounds of full genome replication without cell division, is the major source of endopolyploidy in higher plants. Endoreduplication plays pivotal roles in plant growth and development and is associated with the activation of specific transcriptional programmes that are characteristic of each cell type, thereby defining their identity. In plants, endoreduplication is found in numerous organs and cell types, especially in agronomically valuable ones, such as the fleshy fruit (pericarp) of tomato presenting high ploidy levels. We used the tomato pericarp tissue as a model system to explore the transcriptomes associated with endoreduplication progression during fruit growth. We confirmed that expression globally scales with ploidy level and identified sets of differentially expressed genes presenting only developmental‐specific, only ploidy‐specific expression patterns or profiles resulting from an additive effect of ploidy and development. When comparing ploidy levels at a specific developmental stage, we found that non‐endoreduplicated cells are defined by cell division state and cuticle synthesis while endoreduplicated cells are mainly defined by their metabolic activity changing rapidly over time. By combining this dataset with publicly available spatiotemporal pericarp expression data, we proposed a map describing the distribution of ploidy levels within the pericarp. These transcriptome‐based predictions were validated by quantifying ploidy levels within the pericarp tissue. This in situ ploidy quantification revealed the dynamic progression of endoreduplication and its cell layer specificity during early fruit development. In summary, the study sheds light on the complex relationship between endoreduplication, cell differentiation and gene expression patterns in the tomato pericarp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]