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Gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) mediate the transport of reactants, products and electrons for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) in membrane electrode assemblies. The random distribution of ionomer, added by the traditional physical mixing method, in the catalyst layer of GDEs affects the transport of ions and CO2. Such a phenomenon results in elevated cell voltage and decaying selectivity at high current densities. This paper describes a pre-confinement method to construct GDEs with homogeneously distributed ionomer, which enhances mass transfer locally at the active centers. The optimized GDE exhibited comparatively low cell voltages and high CO Faradaic efficiencies (FE > 90%) at a wide range of current densities. It can also operate stably for over 220 h with the cell voltage staying almost unchanged. This good performance can be preserved even with diluted CO2 feeds, which is essential for pursuing a high single-pass conversion rate. This study provides a new approach to building efficient mass transfer pathways for ions and reactants in GDEs to promote the electrocatalytic CO2RR for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This review summarizes the multiple roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the prediction and treatment of heart failure (HF), including the molecular mechanisms regulating cell apoptosis, myocardial fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and ventricular remodeling, and highlights the importance of miRNAs in the prognosis of HF. In addition, the strategies for alleviating HF with miRNA intervention are discussed. On the basis of the challenges and emerging directions in the research and clinical practice of HF miRNAs, it is proposed that miRNA-based therapy could be a new approach for prevention and treatment of HF., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Electrochemical CO 2 reduction to value-added chemicals by renewable energy sources is a promising way to implement the artificial carbon cycle. During the reaction, especially at high current densities for practical applications, the complex interaction between the key intermediates and the active sites would affect the selectivity, while the reconfiguration of electrocatalysts could restrict the stability. This paper describes the fabrication of Ag/C catalysts with a well-engineered interfacial structure, in which Ag nanoparticles are partially encapsulated by C supports. The obtained electrocatalyst exhibits CO Faradaic efficiencies (FEs) of over 90 % at current densities even as high as 1.1 A/cm 2 . The strong interfacial interaction between Ag and C leads to highly localized electron density that promotes the rate-determining electron transfer step by enhancing the adsorption and the stabilization of the key *COO - intermediate. In addition, the partially encapsulated structure prevents the reconfiguration of Ag during the reaction. Stable performance for over 600 h at 500 mA/cm 2 is achieved with CO FE maintaining over 95 %, which is among the best stability with such a high selectivity and current density. This work provides a novel catalyst design showing the potential for the practical application of electrochemical reduction of CO 2 ., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Introduction: Valeriana amurensis , a tall herbaceous plant, has been traditionally utilized as a herbal remedy both in China and Russia., Methods: This study was set to explore how to cultivate high quality seedlings, considering factors such as seedling time, seeding density, shading, and plastic film mulching. In addition, we investigated the impact of topping and fertilizer on the growth and quality of V. amurensis ., Results: According to the percentage of seed germination, the seeds of V. amurensis were sowed with 0.88 g m -2 density using plastic film mulching from late April to mid-May (germination percentage was more than 30%). The optimal Transplanting time was identified as late September, ensuring a high survival rate of 98%. Generally, topping showed the most improved growth indices in late fruit period (21.87 for number of radical leaves) and withering period (6.50 for number of buds and 234.81 for number of roots). Topping increased the yields of valtrate (10.91 mg per plant), valepotriates (809.51 mg per plant) and essential oil (395.64 mg per plant) in withering period. Nitrogen fertilizer promoted maximum root growth and increased the biomass of V. amurensis . Meanwhile, N fertilizer significantly increased the yields of valtrate to 10.46 mg per plant and valepotriates to 772.32 mg per plant among three types of fertilizers. Seedlings are obtained according to rational sowing factors and transplanting time. Topping and nitrogen fertilization emerge as superior strategies to enhance the growth and medicinal quality of this valuable plant., Discussion: This study provides actionable insights for the cultivation V. amurensis ., Competing Interests: Author RZ was employed by Zhenbaodao Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wu, Leng, Huo, Zhang and Du.)