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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive disease affecting systemic connective tissues, including synovial membranes in joints and extra-articular systems. The global prevalence is estimated between 0.5% and 2%, with a higher incidence observed in women, individuals with a family history, and smokers. The disease’s etiology is primarily attributed to immune processes in the synovial membrane and fluid of joints. Importantly, RA is a systemic condition affecting joints, organs, and systems, including the cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary, and neuropsychiatric systems. In one study, 40% of RA patients experienced complications, with a significant incidence of 8.3% among those with cardiovascular disease, interstitial lung disease, osteoporosis, and metabolic syndrome. Sustained inflammation and immune dysregulation, hallmark features of RA, significantly contribute to the onset and progression of associated comorbidities. Comorbidities frequently coexisting with RA encompass cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary disorders, osteoporosis, malignancies, and infections. Such comorbidities exert a direct impact on patient quality of life, functional capacity, and mortality rates. The emergence of these comorbid conditions is not solely attributable to the disease itself but may also be influenced, either positively or negatively, by the therapeutic agents employed.

Abstract Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a prevalent childhood chronic arthritis, often persisting into adulthood. Effective transitional care becomes crucial as these patients transition from pediatric to adult healthcare systems. Despite the concept of transitional care being recognized, its real-world implementation remains inadequately explored. This study aims to evaluate the thoughts and practices of healthcare providers regarding transitional care for JIA patients. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among pediatric and adult rheumatologists in Turkey. Based on the American Academy of Pediatrics’ six core elements of transitional care, the survey included 86 questions. The respondents’ demographic data, attitudes towards transitional care, and practical implementation were assessed. Results The survey included 48 rheumatologists, with 43.7% having a transition clinic. The main barriers to establishing transition programs were the absence of adult rheumatologists, lack of time, and financial constraints. Only 23.8% had a multidisciplinary team for transition care. Participants agreed on the importance of coordination and cooperation between pediatric and adult healthcare services. The timing of the transition process varied, with no consensus on when to initiate or complete it. Participants advocated for validated questionnaires adapted to local conditions to assess transition readiness. Conclusions The study sheds light on the challenges and perspectives surrounding transitional care for JIA patients in Turkey. Despite recognized needs and intentions, practical implementation remains limited due to various barriers. Cultural factors and resource constraints affect the transition process. While acknowledging the existing shortcomings, the research serves as a ground for further efforts to improve transitional care and ensure better outcomes for JIA patients transitioning into adulthood.