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We describe a case of laryngeal angioleiomyoma, discuss its characteristic features and management, and provide a review of the literature, to improve clinical diagnosis and treatment. We report the oldest patient with a laryngeal angioleiomyoma to date and analyze the clinicopathological features reported in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, a total of 36 cases have been described in the English and Chinese medical literature (including our case). The male-to-female ratio was 5:1 and the mean age was 53.89 years. The most common laryngeal site was the supraglottic region (23 cases; 63.89%), followed by the subglottic region (8 cases; 22.22%), and glottis (5 cases; 13.89%). The most common and serious intra- and postoperative complication was massive bleeding. Angioleiomyoma is a benign tumor that rarely occurs in the larynx. Biopsy of this lesion should not be performed; complete surgical resection is the best treatment. Recurrence and malignant transformation are extremely rare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) describes paradoxical laryngeal closure during inspiration at high-intensity exercise. It is hypothesised that during intense activity, the air-induced loads on supraglottic walls overcome their internal stiffness, leading to the obstruction. Recent investigations have revealed that the air-induced loads on the supraglottic walls vary nonlinearly with increasing flow rate. It is, however, unclear whether certain geometric configurations of the hypopharynx and larynx may contribute to the predisposition to EILO. This study investigates the influence of hypopharyngeal and laryngeal geometry on upper respiratory tract airflow and air-induced forces. A computational fluid dynamics model is developed to study airflow through larynx. Four real, adult upper respiratory tracts with variable configurations are considered. Two steady, uniform inspiratory flow rates of 60 L/min and 180 L/min are considered. The analysis shows that geometries with a space lateral to the epiglottis (EpiS) and piriform fossae (PF) directs the hypopharyngeal and supraglottic pressure field to remain positive and increase with the flow rate. In geometries with EpiS and PF, pressure differential occurs around the aryepiglottic fold producing a net inward force over the region. The three-fold increase in flow rate induces near ten-fold increases in force over the region which may facilitate the closure. It is concluded that hypopharyngeal anatomy, particularly the piriform fossae, play a significant role in the obstruction of the supraglottic airway and should be considered in research and clinical assessment of EILO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a technique called bipolar cautery for epiglottopexy in laryngomalacia, a common cause of infantile stridor. The method involves applying bipolar cautery to the lingual surface of the epiglottis, which was found to be effective in 93% of patients without the need for further surgical intervention. The technique is simpler and more accessible compared to other methods that require laser or suturing, making it a potentially cost-effective and safe option, especially in developing countries. The study highlights the importance of tailoring the surgical approach based on individual cases and endoscopic findings to effectively treat laryngomalacia. [Extracted from the article]

This dataset comprises a comprehensive collection of videos and images illustrating the fluid dynamics of swallowing and aspiration in a patient-specific pharyngolaryngeal model with varying epiglottis angles. The data also includes the physical properties of the fluids used, comprising dynamic viscosity, surface tension, and contact angle. Videos under varying swallowing conditions were collected to investigate the mechanisms underlying aspiration. The study utilized a biomechanical swallowing model developed using transparent casts of an anatomically accurate pharyngolaryngeal structure. Fluorescent dye was used to visualize the liquid flow dynamics from both side and back views. The dataset includes videos for two types of liquids, water and a 1% w/v methylcellulose aqueous solution, evaluated under two dispensing speeds (fast and slow) and two dispensing locations (anterior and posterior) across four epiglottis angles (30° up-tilt, 0° horizontal, 45° down-tilt, and 80° down-tilt). Additionally, the dataset includes photos of the pharyngolaryngeal model setup, photos of the epiglottis models used, and STL files for both the pharyngolaryngeal model and the epiglottis 3D models.The videos document the distinct flow patterns and frequent aspiration sites identified during the experiments, including the interarytenoid notch, the cuneiform tubercular recess, and the vallecula. These data are valuable for researchers aiming to understand the etiology of dysphagia and can be reused to validate computational models, guide future experimental designs, and inform clinical diagnostics and treatment strategies. The dataset is organized into folders based on the epiglottis angles, dispensing speeds, and locations, as well as liquid types. This organization facilitates easy access and analysis for researchers in biomedical engineering, clinical research, and computational biology. The data provide a rich resource for further investigation into swallowing mechanics and the development of etiology-based interventions for dysphagia management.

The article responds to feedback on the clinical performance of the LMA Blockbuster® in pediatric anesthesia, highlighting the importance of preventing epiglottic downfolding during insertion. The study focused on evaluating the positioning of the LMA Blockbuster® at the glottic level and did not specifically assess the ease of inserting an orogastric tube. Intracuff pressure was maintained at 60 cm H2O, and intubation was considered if three insertion attempts failed. The authors used 2% lignocaine jelly on the cuff, which has been shown to reduce postoperative sore throat without increasing aspiration risk. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Comment On 'Comparative analysis of LMA Blockbuster® clinical performance: Blind versus Miller laryngoscope-guided insertion in paediatric general anaesthesia – A double-blinded, randomised controlled trial'" published in the Indian Journal of Anaesthesia discusses concerns regarding the evaluation of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) malposition in pediatric patients. The authors highlight the importance of assessing vertical and rotational malposition of the LMA, as well as the need to consider the second seal between the distal cuff and the esophagus. They also suggest lower intracuff pressures and caution against the use of 2% lignocaine jelly in pediatric patients. The article concludes with a statement of no financial support or conflicts of interest. [Extracted from the article]