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Introduction and Purpose Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women, accounting for the fourth most common cancer worldwide and the sixth in Poland. Despite advances in diagnosis and prevention, the condition is still associated with a high mortality rate, especially in advanced stages. One of the significant complications of advanced cervical cancer is hydronephrosis, occurring in about 23% of patients. Hydronephrosis develops as a result of blocked urine outflow, which leads to stretching of the renal calyces and can result in renal failure if not properly treated. Management strategies for hydronephrosis include ureteral stenting and percutaneous nephrostomy, both of which are effective in draining the kidneys and improving patient outcomes. Aim of the study This article discusses the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of hydronephrosis in patients with cervical cancer, and presents a detailed case report of a patient with advanced cervical cancer complicated by hydronephrosis and renal perforation. Results and Future directions The patient was admitted to the urology department for bleeding into the retroperitoneal space after renal fistula replacement. During hospitalization, despite numerous complications, the patient's condition stabilized after blood and plasma transfusions, intensive antibiotic therapy and renal fistula re-implantation. The final results of the treatment were successful, and the patient was discharged with appropriate recommendations. The study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and effective treatment of hydronephrosis to improve the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer. It underscores the need for multidisciplinary collaboration involving urologists, oncologists and other specialists to provide comprehensive care tailored to the patient's evolving needs.

Introduction and purpose The World Health Organization (WHO) defines violence against children as “all forms of physical and emotional maltreatment, sexual abuse, neglect and exploitation that result in actual or potential harm to a child's health, development or dignity.” In Poland, 17,392 cases of violence against children and adolescents were reported in 2015. In the U.S. in 2012, 3.4 million children were reported to facilities for maltreatment. Violence against children leads to serious health problems, both physical and mental, as well as long-term social consequences. Despite its prevalence, many cases remain unreported, with victims, particularly infants, being highly vulnerable. In the case described, a boy born at 36 weeks gestation was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of apathy. Examination revealed neurological symptoms, multiple intracranial hematomas, skull bone fractures and hearing loss. The ophthalmic consultation and examination revealed the presence of retinal hemorrhages, confirming the diagnosis of child maltreatment syndrome. Prompt medical and legal intervention allowed the child's condition to be stabilized, allowing for proper further development in foster care. This article presents a clinical case of maltreatment syndrome in an infant, with a discussion of complications and abnormalities in the performed investigations and a discussion of the treatment administered. Conclusion Prompt recognition of such cases is vital, considering the potential long-term physical and psychological consequences. Practical implications for medical personnel and the need to cooperate with social and legal institutions to provide adequate care for abused children are discussed. The presented case underscores the need for comprehensive approaches to address child maltreatment, involving medical, legal, and social interventions to safeguard the welfare of affected children.

Introduction and purpose Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a well-documented risk factor for adverse fetal outcomes, encompassing a spectrum of disorders known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), the most severe form of FASD, manifests with craniofacial anomalies, growth retardation, neurological deficits, and cognitive impairments, imposing lifelong challenges on affected individuals. This article presents a case report of a 4-week-old female newborn with suspected Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, highlighting the clinical complexities and diagnostic challenges associated with FAS. The infant exhibited characteristic dysmorphic features and cardiac abnormalities, underscoring the diverse spectrum of health issues linked to maternal alcohol consumption. Conclusion A presented case report illustrating the clinical complexities of FAS underscores the importance of early recognition and multidisciplinary management. Early identification of FAS is imperative to mitigate long-term outcomes, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary and holistic approach to clinical care. Strategies for addressing maternal alcohol consumption include targeted education, preconception counseling, and innovative therapeutic modalities. This case report underscores the need for ongoing research and collaborative efforts to reduce the prevalence and impact of FASD on affected individuals and society.

Introduction and purpose Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection stands as the prevalent infection among newborns and it may be associated with later complications such as progressive sensorineural hearing loss or neurological diseases. Infection occurs during pregnancy or during childbirth. Congenital CMV infections manifest in various ways, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe complications such as microcephaly, hepatosplenomegaly, and chorioretinitis. Routine antibody screenings for pregnant women are not common, underlining the significance of early infection detection to minimize the risks of transmission to the fetus and potential complications in the child. The aim of this case report is to present the course of congenital CMV infection and its complication. This case report explores the challenges of managing an infant with congenital CMV infection complicated by hydrocephalus and viral co-infections. The infant underwent various treatments, including antiviral therapy, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary approaches. Conclusion With no available vaccine, prevention of congenital CMV infection relies on educating reproductive-age women and expectant mothers about infection risks. Early detection, frequent medical check-ups, and preventive education are crucial due to the absence of vaccines. Ongoing exploration of antiviral treatments and prompt interventions is imperative to improve outcomes for infants and families affected by the virus.

Introduction and purpose Toxoplasmosis, a prevalent parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, impacts approximately one-third of the global population. Among congenital infections, Congenital Toxoplasmosis (CT) ranks second only to CMV infection in neonates. The severity of fetal and neonatal clinical manifestations depends on factors such as gestational age during infection, parasite load, infectious strain virulence, and maternal immune status. The organogenesis stage in the second trimester is identified as the critical period (10th-24th gestational weeks). Fetal CT may present with ultrasound-detected abnormalities, including intracranial calcifications, microcephaly, hydrocephalus, ascites, hepatosplenomegaly or severe intrauterine growth restriction. Even in the absence of symptoms at birth, CT can lead to long-term consequences such as hydrocephalus, seizures, and cognitive, auditory, and visual impairments. The aim of this study is to present a clinical case of a patient with CT infection complicated by treatment-resistant hydrocephalus and neurological symptoms, including muscle tone disturbances and seizures. Conclusion The significance of screening tests cannot be overstated, as early intervention is crucial to prevent enduring complications. Routine counseling for pregnant women is imperative to raise awareness about Toxoplasma gondii infection, empowering them to adopt necessary preventive measures. Additionally, further research is warranted to assess the efficacy of diverse treatment protocols, the risk of adverse effects, and the effectiveness of emerging therapeutic agents.