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In case of acute urinary retention (AUR) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) first trial without catheter (TWOC) may fail in about 30% of cases. In this situation most of patients have to keep an indwelling catheter (IDC) or to perform clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) until surgery. Although CISC has shown several advantages over IDC in neurologic patients, it is barely proposed in case of acute or chronic urinary retention due to BPH and comparative data on the outcomes of BPH surgery are very sparse. The aim of this study was to evaluate peri-operative outcomes of BPH surgery depending on the type of urinary drainage (IDC or CISC) in a population of patients with acute or chronic urinary retention and TWOC failure.