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4. Contributors

Author

Adams, Axel, primary, Affun-Adegbulu, Clara, additional, Al-Rasheed, Rakan S., additional, Alaska, Yasser A., additional, Aldawas, Abdulaziz D., additional, Alesa, Saleh Ali, additional, Alexander, George A., additional, Alhadhira, Abdullah Ahmed, additional, Alhajjaj, Fahad Saleha, additional, Alhazmi, Hazem H., additional, Alhussaini, Zainab Abdullah, additional, Aljerian, Nawfal, additional, Aljohani, Majed, additional, AlKhaldi, Khaldoon H., additional, Alkhattabi, Eyad, additional, Allen, Bryant, additional, Almand, Austin, additional, Alnoaimi, Moza M., additional, Alotaibi, Mohammad, additional, Alpert, Evan Avraham, additional, Alrusayni, Yasir A., additional, Alshammari, Mai, additional, Alsulimani, Loui K., additional, Amanullah, Siraj, additional, Anderson, Arian, additional, Arastehmanesh, David, additional, Ardalan, Ali, additional, Argote-Araméndiz, Killiam A., additional, Artenstein, Andrew W., additional, Bailey, Olivia E., additional, Baker, Russell, additional, Balsari, Satchit, additional, Banner, Gregory T., additional, M, Fermin Barrueto, additional, Bartels, Susan A., additional, Baugh, Joshua J., additional, Berg, Frederic, additional, Bhola, Vijai, additional, Binder, William, additional, Bortolin, Michelangelo, additional, Bounes, Vincent, additional, Bouton, Michael, additional, Brown, Natasha, additional, Jr, Frederick M. Burkle,, additional, Burnett, Lynn Barkley, additional, Burns, Michele M., additional, Sr, Nicholas V. Cagliuso,, additional, Cahill, John, additional, Callaway, David W., additional, Caneva, Duane C., additional, Cattamanchi, Srihari, additional, Caycedo, Alejandra, additional, Cetaruk, Edward W., additional, Chacko, Sneha, additional, Chang, James C., additional, Chiang, Crystal, additional, Chiu, David T., additional, Ciottone, Gregory R., additional, Ciottone, Jonathan Peter, additional, Ciottone, Melissa A., additional, Ciottone, Robert A., additional, Ciottone, Robert G., additional, Ciottone, Vigen G., additional, Clark, Alexander, additional, Clark, Jonathan, additional, Conley, Sean P., additional, Cono, Joanne, additional, Cooper, Arthur, additional, Cormier, Scott B., additional, Court, Michael F., additional, Cunningham, Cord W., additional, Czarnecki, Fabrice, additional, Davis, Supriya, additional, Davis, Timothy E., additional, DeMers, Gerard, additional, Dilling, Sharon, additional, Djalali, Ahmadreza, additional, Donahoe, Timothy, additional, Donahue, Joseph, additional, Dresser, Caleb, additional, Dylik, Jason, additional, Easter, Benjamin, additional, Eastman, Alexander, additional, Ebbeling, Laura, additional, Emetarom, Chigozie, additional, Eyal, Nir, additional, Eyre, Andrew J., additional, Freeman, David J., additional, Friedman, Franklin D., additional, Fritz, Christie, additional, Fung, Frederick, additional, Gallahue, Fiona E., additional, Garbern, Stephanie Chow, additional, Gebhart, Mark E., additional, Gluckman, William A., additional, Goolsby, Craig, additional, Gougelet, Robert M., additional, Granholm, Fredrik, additional, Greenough, P. Gregg, additional, Grimes, Jennifer O., additional, Grosse, Steve, additional, Grossman, Shamai A., additional, Jr, John T. Groves, additional, Guidotti, Tee L., additional, Guo, George, additional, Haessler, Sarah, additional, Hall, Matthew M., additional, Hardin, John W., additional, Harrell, Mason, additional, Hart, MD, Alexander, additional, Harvey, Melissa, additional, Hertelendy, PhD, Attila J., additional, Hiremath, Nishanth S., additional, Hitchens, Jordan, additional, Holstege, Christopher P., additional, Horne, Simon T., additional, Horng, Steven, additional, Hosin, Amer, additional, House, Hans R., additional, Ingrassia, Pier Luigi, additional, Issa, Fadi S., additional, Jacoby, Irving “Jake”, additional, Jaiswal, Rajnish, additional, Jay, Gregory, additional, Jenkins, J. Lee, additional, Joseph, Josh W., additional, Kappler, Shane, additional, Keim, Mark E., additional, Kelman, Julie, additional, Ketterer, Andrew R., additional, Khan, Anas A., additional, Kharel, Ramu, additional, Kharod, Chetan U., additional, Kirsch, Thomas D., additional, Knopov, Anita, additional, Kravitz, Max, additional, Lee, J. Austin, additional, Lemery, Jay, additional, Leventhal, Evan L., additional, Loughlin, Jesse, additional, Ludy, Stephanie, additional, Maguire, Brian J., additional, Mahon, Selwyn E., additional, Maniscalco, Paul M., additional, Manners, Philip, additional, Marcus, Leonard Jay, additional, Margus, Colton, additional, Masri, Taha M., additional, Matthews, Jeff, additional, McKay, Sean D., additional, McKinney, Zeke J., additional, McLellan, Robert K., additional, McNulty, Eric J., additional, Mehkri, Faroukh, additional, Mehta, Mandana, additional, Mendelsohn, Rebecca A., additional, Merin, Ofer, additional, Milsten, Andrew, additional, Molé, Dale M., additional, Molloy, Michael Sean, additional, Morelli, Ilaria, additional, Mothershead, Jerry L., additional, Mulhern, John, additional, Mullendore, Nicole F., additional, Musisca, Nicholas J., additional, Naganathan, Sonya, additional, Nathanson, Larry A., additional, Nelson, Erica L., additional, Nelson, Lewis S., additional, Newbury, Bradford A., additional, Newbury, Kimberly, additional, O’Neill, Ansley, additional, Obernier, Robert, additional, Olagnero, Jacopo M., additional, Oostrom-Shah, Leonie, additional, Ordun, Catherine Y., additional, Parazynski, Scott, additional, Park, Andrew J., additional, Partridge, Robert, additional, S, Jeffrey, additional, Phillips, James P., additional, Pinter, Emily, additional, IV, David P. Polatty, additional, Popieluszko, Patrick, additional, Porcaro, William, additional, Proano, Lawrence, additional, Pruitt, Peter B., additional, Qureshi, Moiz, additional, Ragazzoni, Luca, additional, Rashid, Murtaza, additional, Rega, Paul Patrick, additional, Reilly, Michael J., additional, Restuccia, Marc C., additional, Rifino, James J., additional, Robben, Paul M., additional, Rosenblatt, Joy L., additional, Ryan, Kevin M., additional, Rybasack-Smith, Heather, additional, Salway, Richard James, additional, Samo, Daniel, additional, Sanchez, Leon D., additional, Sanford, Shawn M., additional, Sarin, Ritu R., additional, Sarma, Deesha, additional, Schacht, Jesse, additional, Schwind, Valarie, additional, Shapiro, Geoffrey L., additional, Sheehan, Joshua, additional, Shreve, Brian, additional, Simonyan, Grigor, additional, Smith, Devin M., additional, MD, E. Reed Smith,, additional, MA, Jack E. Smith,, additional, Smith, Montray, additional, Smulowitz, Peter B., additional, Snyder, Angela M., additional, Solano, Joshua J., additional, Stenson, Bryan A., additional, Stewart, Charles, additional, Stewart, M. Kathleen, additional, Sullivan, Patrick, additional, Supple, Jared S., additional, Tin, Derrick, additional, Valente, Jonathan Harris, additional, Vear, Kathryn M., additional, Vidyalakshmi, P.R., additional, Vilas, Faith, additional, Vilke, Gary M., additional, Villano, Janna H., additional, Voskanyan, Amalia, additional, Watson, C. James, additional, Weber, Nancy, additional, Weiner, Scott G., additional, Weinstein, Brielle, additional, Weinstein, Eric S., additional, Werner, Jordan R., additional, MD, Roy Karl Werner,, additional, Whitledge, James D., additional, Wiener, Sage W., additional, Wiesner, Lauren, additional, Williams, Kenneth A., additional, Wing, Robyn, additional, Wolfe, Richard E., additional, Wong, Wendy Hin-Wing, additional, Woolard, Robert, additional, Wuthisuthimethawee, Prasit, additional, and Youssef, Nadine A., additional

Published
2024
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5. Willingness to trade-off years of life for an HIV cure – an experimental exploration of affective forecasting.

Author

Fridman, Ilona, Eyal, Nir, Scherr, Karen A., Currier, Judith S., Freedberg, Kenneth A., Halpern, Scott D., Kuritzkes, Daniel R., Magalhaes, Monica, Pollak, Kathryn I., and Ubel, Peter A.

Subjects
*HEALTH attitudes, *RESEARCH funding, *LIFE expectancy, *STATISTICAL sampling, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *HIV infections, *DECISION making in clinical medicine, *RANDOMIZED controlled trials, *MULTIVARIATE analysis, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *QUALITY of life, *ANALYSIS of variance, *ANTI-HIV agents, *FORECASTING
Abstract

Background: In the US, 1.2 million people live with HIV (PWH). Despite having near-normal life expectancies due to antiretroviral therapy (ART), many PWH seek an HIV cure, even if it means risking their lives. This willingness to take risks for a cure raises questions about "affective forecasting biases," where people tend to overestimate the positive impact of future events on their well-being. We conducted a study to test two interventions to mitigate affective forecasting in the decisions of PWH about taking HIV cure medication. Methods: We recruited PWH to complete a 30-minute survey about their current quality of life (QoL) and the QoL they anticipate after being cured of HIV, and assigned them to either no additional intervention, to one of two interventions intended to reduce affective forecasting bias, or to both interventions: (1) a defocusing intervention designed to broaden the number of life domains people consider when imagining life changes associated with new circumstances (e.g. HIV cure); and (2) an adaptation intervention to help them gauge fading of strong emotions over time. The study design included a 2 × 2 design: defocusing (yes/no) x adaptation (yes/no) intervention. We assessed PWH's willingness to take hypothetical HIV sterilizing cure medication using the Time Trade-Off (TTO) and their quality of life predictions with WHOQOL-HIV. Results: 296 PWH participated. Counter to what we had hypothesized, neither intervention significantly reduced PWH's willingness to trade time for a cure. Instead, the defocusing intervention increased their willingness to trade time (IRR 1.77, p = 0.03). Exploratory analysis revealed that PWH with lower current quality of life who received the defocusing intervention were more willing to trade time for a cure. Conclusion: These negative findings suggest that either these biases are difficult to overcome in the settings of HIV curative medication or other factors beyond affective forecasting biases influence willingness to participate in HIV curative studies, such as respondents' current quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Research ethics and public trust in vaccines: the case of COVID-19 challenge trials

Author

Eyal, Nir

Abstract

Despite their clearly demonstrated safety and effectiveness, approved vaccines against COVID-19 are commonly mistrusted. Nations should find and implement effective ways to boost vaccine confidence. But the implications for ethical vaccine development are less straightforward than some have assumed. Opponents of COVID-19 vaccine challenge trials, in particular, made speculative or empirically implausible warnings on this matter, some of which, if applied consistently, would have ruled out most COVID-19 vaccine trials and many non-pharmaceutical responses.

Published
2024
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9. Future pandemics and the urge to 'do something'.

Author

Lerner A and Eyal N

Abstract

Research with enhanced potential pandemic pathogens (ePPP) makes pathogens substantially more lethal, communicable, immunosuppressive or otherwise capable of triggering a pandemic. We briefly relay an existing argument that the benefits of ePPP research do not outweigh its risks and then consider why proponents of these arguments continue to confidently endorse them. We argue that these endorsements may well be the product of common cognitive biases-in which case they would provide no challenge to the argument against ePPP research. If the case against ePPP research is strong, the views of professional experts do little to move the needle in favour of ePPP research., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Published
2024
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