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An integrated approach using geophysical and geospatial techniques was employed to model the surface and subsurface water-bearing strata and assess aquifer vulnerability in the Sehnsa town, Kotli district, State of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. The inadequate scientific studies in the hilly terrain with such complex geological conditions has led to the failure of the boreholes for groundwater extraction. For the evaluation of groundwater potential and subsurface lithology, 30 vertical electrical soundings (VES) stations utilizing the Schlumberger electrode configuration were completed, modeled and analyzed spatially. Numerous geoelectrical parameters like true resistivity, thickness of subsurface layers and Dar-Zarrouk parameters were evaluated. The subsurface lithology delineated comprised topsoil, clayey sand, sandstone, and boulder clays which closely resemble to the borehole lithologs available in the study area. The inversion model confirms the presence of patches of high-resistivity sandstone in the southwestern part of the study area with the maximum thickness of the aquifer up to 140 m. Most aquifers were classified as unconfined with Q-type resistivity curves. The protective overburden capacity of the aquifers is rated as poor at VES 1, 3-5, 8, 10-16, 18, 19, 22-25, 27 and 30 whereas the moderate category was found at VES 2, 9 and 20 and excellent at VES 7 and 28, respectively. Therefore, the VES stations with poor and moderate ratings of overburden protective capacity are vulnerable for surface contaminants. The aquifer recharge was associated with rainfall and partly from the Poonch River. The effective integration of geophysical and geospatial techniques in this study provides sufficient information about the regional water resources and gives a preliminary model that can facilitate efficient water resource management in the area. These approaches can be successfully applied to diverse geographical and hydrogeological sites due to their versatility and reliability., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In this phase 2 multicenter study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of lifileucel (LN-145), an autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte cell therapy, in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) who had received prior immunotherapy and progressed on their most recent therapy. The median number of prior systemic therapies was 2 (range, 1-6). Lifileucel was successfully manufactured using tumor tissue from different anatomic sites, predominantly lung. The objective response rate was 21.4% (6/28). Responses occurred in tumors with profiles typically resistant to immunotherapy, such as PD-L1-negative, low tumor mutational burden, and STK11 mutation. Two responses were ongoing at the time of data cutoff, including one complete metabolic response in a PD-L1-negative tumor. Adverse events were generally as expected and manageable. Two patients died of treatment-emergent adverse events: cardiac failure and multiple organ failure. Lifileucel is a potential treatment option for patients with mNSCLC refractory to prior therapy. Significance: Autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy lifileucel was administered to 28 patients with heavily pretreated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). Responses were observed in patients with driver mutations, and various tumor mutational burdens and PD-L1 expression, potentially addressing an unmet medical need in patients with mNSCLC refractory to prior therapy. See related commentary by Lotze et al., p. 1366., (©2024 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research.)