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The conceptual framework of socio-ecological systems (SES) has been used to redirect resource management practices towards more sustainable scenarios. Utilizing surveys conducted with 350 producers of a silvopastoral cattle network in southern Mexico, the structure and interactions of cattle SES were characterized. Furthermore, based on information derived from a workshop with producers, the framework was operationalized through variables representing action situations and generating outcomes in terms of management, organizational issues, and ecosystem services. This participatory exercise allowed for the identification of locally relevant sustainability components and ranges that can be generalized to other similar SES in Latin America, specific socio-ecological challenges, and potential actions leading to maximizing the sustainability of silvopastoral ranches in the tropics. Challenges include an excessive number of intermediaries, labor conditions accentuating poverty, marketing chains inaccessible to small scale producers, and low diversification. These issues can be addressed within the cattle SES through technical and financial support from involved governmental institutions and strengthening the local governance system. This work bridges gaps in cattle research by highlighting that sustainable intensification through the establishment of silvopastoral systems is possible within specific ranges, and sustainability can be defined, understood, and built by producers from the territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Blocking IL-13 is highly efficacious in patients with Th2-biased atopic dermatitis (AD), and recent clinical data have highlighted that targeting the T cell costimulatory molecules OX40 and OX40L (TNFSF4) holds promise for future treatment of AD., Aim: We asked whether targeting another T cell costimulatory molecule, CD30L (TNFSF8), might also be a possible treatment option in AD., Methods: Single-cell RNA-seq data from human AD skin lesions was analyzed to identify pathogenic IL-13- or IL-22-producing T cells and assess expression of CD30 and its ligand in comparison to OX40 and its ligand. Additionally, a murine model of AD with repetitive exposure to house dust mite allergen was used to compare neutralizing antibodies against CD30L with those against IL-13 or OX40L., Results: Analysis of several scRNA-seq datasets from skin lesions of AD patients showed that transcripts for CD30 or CD30L were found expressed with OX40 or OX40L in the primary T cell populations that also expressed mRNA for IL13 and/or IL22. Suggesting that this could be therapeutically relevant, mice treated prophylactically with a blocking CD30L antibody were protected from developing maximal allergen-induced AD features, including epidermal and dermal thickening, immune cell infiltration, and expression of AD-related genes, similar to mice treated with a blocking IL-13 antibody. Moreover, therapeutic neutralization of CD30L in mice with experimental AD also reduced all of the pathological skin lesion features to a comparable extent as blocking OX40L., Conclusion: These data suggest that targeting the CD30-CD30L axis might hold promise as a future therapeutic intervention in human AD, similar to targeting the OX40-OX40L axis., (© 2024 European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)