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BackgroundSmall pilot studies have indicated that transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) may help alleviate symptoms of neurological conditions like depression, traumatic brain injury and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).ObjectiveTo examine the effect of tPBM on the behavioral symptoms of ASD and brain electrophysiology in children aged 2–7.MethodsWe conducted an open label, one-arm study with 23 participants, aged 2–7, previously diagnosed with ASD. We delivered non-invasively to all participants pulses of near-infrared light (wavelength 850 nm, pulse 40 Hz) to cortical nodes of Default Mode Network, Broca and Wernicke areas, and occipital lobe of the brain, twice weekly for 10 weeks. The tPBM was delivered using an investigational medical device designed for this purpose. Changes in ASD symptoms were measured using pre- and post-intervention scores on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS-2, 2nd Edition). We collected electroencephalogram (EEG) data after each treatment session from all children who tolerated wearing the EEG cap to monitor changes in brain activity.ResultsThe intervention resulted in a significant 7-point reduction in average CARS-2 scores (t = 10.23, p

IntroductionIn late June 2021, the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and Canada experienced an unprecedented atmospheric heatwave that co-occurred with one of the lowest day-time tide series of the year. Several consecutive days of air temperatures 10-20°C above normal, coupled with mid-afternoon low tides proved deadly for many rocky intertidal organisms, which live at the margin of land and sea.MethodsTo assess short (weeks) and longer-term (1 year) impacts of the heatwave on rocky intertidal communities, we used long-term monitoring data collected annually at 16 sites throughout Washington State.Results and discussionOur findings indicate that impacts were most severe at sites within the Salish Sea region of WA, where peak low tides occurred during the hottest, mid-afternoon hours. Focal species assemblages at Olympic coast sites, where low tides occurred in the morning, were largely spared. In addition, while the heatwave was associated with substantial short-term changes in acorn barnacle, rockweed, and California mussel assemblages, lasting impacts (1 year) were only observed in the mussel assemblage at the one Salish Sea site where this species is common. These findings will aid in forecasting both short-term and longer lasting impacts of future heatwave events and help direct potential mitigation efforts to regions and species assemblages where impacts will likely be greatest.

A study conducted to investigate the fabrication of organic solar cells based on PC61BM:PCPDTBT using the Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) method. The research carries out a number of analyses for structural evaluations (XRD and ESEM), compositional change (XPS and FTIR), and functional assessment (absorption and I-V testing), with the goal of understanding the materials’ properties, their behavior during deposition and the resulting characteristics of the fabricated solar cells. While demonstrating promise, the PVD method faces challenges in the maintenance of electrical attributes during vaporization, and the need for further optimization. The findings highlight both the advantages and limitations of the method and point the way toward achieving optimal outcomes in the manufacture of organic solar cells using PVD. The main scientific contribution of this manuscript lies in the application of the PVD method for fabricating PCPDTBT. The final device features a working solar cell device made of the materials discussed above with Cell size of 0.0026mm2, cell efficiency of about 0.18% and thickness of 309 nm–400nm. These results showcasing the possibility of building and fabricating organic cells with the PVD method.

A comparison of methods for finding phase cycle losses in highprecision navigation satellite measurements was made. A basic algorithm and its improved version were proposed. The results were compared with the Springer algorithm. The results are presented in graphical form. The advantages and disadvantages of the compared methods are described. The accuracy of the method was tested on real measurement data. A conclusion was made about the possibility of the method operating in real time. The method was implemented and tested in a navigation receiver used by the “Farvater” company.

Introduction: In late June 2021, the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and Canada experienced an unprecedented atmospheric heatwave that co-occurred with one of the lowest day-time tide series of the year. Several consecutive days of air temperatures 10-20°C above normal, coupled with mid-afternoon low tides proved deadly for many rocky intertidal organisms, which live at the margin of land and sea. Methods: To assess short (weeks) and longer-term (1 year) impacts of the heatwave on rocky intertidal communities, we used long-term monitoring data collected annually at 16 sites throughout Washington State. Results and discussion: Our findings indicate that impacts were most severe at sites within the Salish Sea region of WA, where peak low tides occurred during the hottest, mid-afternoon hours. Focal species assemblages at Olympic coast sites, where low tides occurred in the morning, were largely spared. In addition, while the heatwave was associated with substantial short-term changes in acorn barnacle, rockweed, and California mussel assemblages, lasting impacts (1 year) were only observed in the mussel assemblage at the one Salish Sea site where this species is common. These findings will aid in forecasting both short-term and longer lasting impacts of future heatwave events and help direct potential mitigation efforts to regions and species assemblages where impacts will likely be greatest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our cohort, we found no significantly reduced refractive accuracy for patients with ED without edema using BUII, Haigis, Holladay, SRK/T, and Kane formulas. Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of several intraocular lens (IOL) formulas for patients with endothelial dystrophy (ED) without edema treated with cataract surgery alone. Setting: 1 academic, tertiary referral center. Design: Comparative retrospective cohort study. Methods: The predicted refractive results of patients with ED who underwent cataract surgery were assessed and compared with a matched control group. The accuracy of 5 different IOL formulas, Haigis, Holladay 1, Barrett Universal II (BUII), SRK/T, and Kane, was evaluated and compared between the groups. The SDs of the prediction error (PE) of all formulas were compared. Results: 221 eyes were included in this study. 50 (23%) eyes of patients with ED and 171 (77%) control eyes. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in clinical and demographical characteristics (P >.05). The postoperative spherical equivalent was −0.37 diopters (D) in the ED group and −0.30 D in the control group (P =.8). Overall, both groups had a comparable SD of the PE and absolute PE in all formulas (P >.05). In the ED group, absolute PE was 0.34 D for Haigis, 0.32 D for Holladay 1, 0.32 D for BUII, 0.38 D for SRK/T, and 0.32 D for Kane formulas. No statistically significant difference between formulas was found. Conclusions: The prediction accuracy of IOL power calculation in patients with ED was found comparable both between formulas and in comparison with healthy controls. This suggests that in patients with guttate without edema, the IOL power calculations are as effective and accurate as in healthy eyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Humble Proposals controversy (1652) offered competing interpretations of what ‘the propagation of the Gospel’ meant in revolutionary England and what degree of religious toleration it ought to entail. This dispute had far-reaching implications – not only for radical Protestant sects, but also for Catholics, Jews, and American Indigenous nations who lived, or might soon live, under English rule. For John Owen and other politically influential clerics, secular authorities were morally obligated to provide their subjects with access to soul-saving truth and to protect them from being exposed to anything a Reformed Christian would consider idolatry, blasphemy, or Sabbath-breaking. Within these limits, Owen and his allies supported toleration as an expression of Protestant irenicism or a means to evangelise Jews. By contrast, Owen’s critics, led by Roger Williams, repudiated the state’s moral obligation to evangelise its subjects. The radicals’ more expansive case for tolerating sectarians, Jews, and ‘idolaters’ was neither irenic nor conversionist. This was especially true of Williams, whose grim apocalyptic response to the evangelical zeal of his countrymen was rooted in a deep scepticism about the capacity of any human efforts, however well-intentioned, to lead others to the truth before the appointed hour for cataclysmic bloodshed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]