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In China, the present implemented industrial wastewater discharge standards cannot objectively and correctly evaluate wastewater safety. The characteristics and application of the whole effluent toxicity evaluation methods at home and abroad were systematically summarized. The characteristics and application of whole effluent toxicity (WET), direct toxicity assessment (DTA), and whole effluent assessment (WEA) were emphatically discussed. The deficiencies of the comprehensive toxicity index system and evaluation methods of wastewater in China were analyzed. Reasonable suggestions on the establishment of the comprehensive toxicity methodology were proposed from aspects of species selection, experimental process and evaluation method. Finally, the actual situations of the characteristics of wastewater pollutants, discharge mode and environmental quality of receiving water should be considered as establishing comprehensive toxicity indices and evaluation methodology in line with Chinese national conditions.

This study investigates the integration of digital twin technology in the design of traditional cultural and creative products, addressing the challenges of innovation and efficiency in the cultural and creative industries. By employing digital twin network modeling, we develop an intelligent design method that digitally replicates and optimizes cultural products, enhancing design efficiency and innovation. Our approach involves digital modeling of traditional characteristics through preprocessing and feature extraction, followed by multi-scale design evolution experiments in a virtual environment. Results show a 30% improvement in design efficiency and increased product innovation and user satisfaction, demonstrating the method’s potential to revolutionize traditional product design while preserving cultural essence. This research contributes to the intelligent design of cultural and creative products and suggests new avenues for the cultural industry’s innovative growth.

Sudden pollution incidents in surface water have occurred frequently and caused serious environmental and social impacts, which raised new requirements and challenges towards to environmental supervision departments. Online monitoring data of surface water quality have features of high-frequency and high time-efficiency. The recent research status and progress of water-quality prediction models with online time-series monitoring data were summarized, including data soft measurement, preprocessing methods, and water-quality prediction models. The problems in the practical applications of the relevant water-quality prediction models were analyzed. Also, the future research directions with respect to water-quality prediction are proposed. The aim of this work is to provide reference and technology support for water-quality prediction and warning, and environmental supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi-based materials are promising catalysts for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to formate, but remain challenging in terms of activity and stability. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of Zn-doped Bi nanosheets (Zn–Bi NSs) as a highly active and robust catalyst for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate. Specifically, the Zn–Bi NS catalyst can be obtained using a hydrothermal method to prepare a Zn-decorated Bi2O2CO3 nanosheet followed by electrochemical reduction treatment. The as-prepared catalyst exhibits a remarkable formate faradaic efficiency of 94.6% and a high formate current density of 40.5 mA cm−2 at −1.2 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). In particular, the faradaic efficiency of formate remained at above 90% over a wide potential window from −0.8 to −1.2 V vs. RHE. In the H-type electrolytic cell, the Zn–Bi NS catalyst can be operated stably for 10 h at a cathode potential of −1.0 V vs. RHE with good retention of the physical phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A photoredox-catalyzed alkylarylation of activated alkenes via a radical C–C bond cleavage/Truce–Smiles rearrangement cascade is developed. The protocol features mild and redox-neutral conditions, broad substrate scope and excellent functional group compatibility, providing a facile and efficient approach to the long-chain distal keto-amides with all-carbon quaternary centers at the alpha position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subduction-related magmatism is a significant contributor to arc building and continental growth. In the active convergent margin of the SW Japan arc, voluminous volcanic rocks and mafic dykes formed through subduction and back-arc rifting during Miocene. In this study, we investigate a suite of felsic volcanic rocks (rhyolite and dacite) and lamprophyres from central Shikoku Island, which occur in the north-central part of the Chichibu belt and Sanbagawa belt in the Outer zone of the SW Japan arc. Whole-rock geochemistry results show that the rhyolite and dacite samples are peraluminous, belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series, show LREE and LILE enrichment, HREE and HFSE depletion that suggest arc volcanic affinity. The lamprophyre samples belong to alkali lamprophyre, show LREE and HFSE enrichments, and display OIB (oceanic island basalt)-like geochemical features. The 206Pb/238U weighted mean ages of the zircons from the rhyolite and dacite samples range from 14.39 ± 0.21 Ma to 13.92 ± 0.30 Ma, whereas the lamprophyre shows 206Pb/238U weighted mean age of 12.21 ± 0.35 Ma. Zircon Lu-Hf isotope data suggest that the rhyolite and dacite were derived from the remelting of the arc crustal rocks and that the lamprophyre was derived from depleted mantle sources and was contaminated by crustal materials. The felsic volcanic rocks (rhyolite and dacite) can be correlated to Miocene (15.5 Ma to 13.5 Ma) magmatism in the Outer Zone of the SW Japan arc. The formation of lamprophyre dykes in the SW Japan arc may be related to the subhorizontal mantle flows beneath the SW Japan arc associated with the opening of the Japan Sea back-arc basin or asthenosphere upwelling through the slab-tear of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath the SW Japan arc. Our study shows that the SW Japan Arc was built by multiple magmatism from diverse sources in an active convergent margin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]