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The variable flowline modification technology has been formed in the development of reservoirs with medium-high permeability and high water cut in Shengli Oilfield， which can effectively control water consumption and reduce the decline in the field. However， it still faces issues， such as different increments of enhanced oil recovery （EOR）， different effect of a single well， and short validity periods. To improve the effect of flow field regulation development in reservoirs with medium-high permeability and high water cut， theories and methods of development geology， dynamic of fluids through porous media and reservoir engineering were comprehensively applied. Based on large-scale，and visual microphysical simulation experiments， reservoir numerical simulation， and development practice of flow field regulation， a new understanding of flow field regulation mechanism was proposed， and a deep development technology system featuring “variable flowline +，” large pressure gradient injection-production optimization， and dynamic flow field regulation was formed. The results show that the flow field regulation of reservoirs with medium-high permeability and high water cut has the characteristics of “inheritance， redundancy， and regeneration”， which affects the flow field regulation effect. Stronger reservoir heterogeneity indicates a more obvious inheritance， which can be effectively reduced by “bridging” to construct flowlines， expanding the swept volume. Due to the redundancy， the starting pressure threshold of the remaining oil in pores within unswept zones is high， and the displacement pressure gradient should be increased to produce the remaining oil in pores within unswept zones to improve the displacement efficiency. Due to the regeneration of the extreme water-consuming zones， it is necessary to dynamically regulate the flow field to achieve a more balanced displacement after flow field regulation. Based on the new understanding of the flow field regulation mechanism and the practice of flow field regulation development in reservoirs with medium-high permeability and high water cut， the proposed deep development technology system through flow field regulation could provide critical technical support for the efficient and long-term development of reservoirs with medium-high permeability and high water cut.

［Objective］ Solve the problem of excavation surface stability during shield tunneling with pressure entry in shallow-buried sandy stratum.To solve the problem of the stability of tunnel face of shield tunnel with pressure into the chamber in shallow buried sandy soil stratum. ［Method］ The limit support pressure during the shield tunneling pressurized chamber entry operation is studied by combining numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and engineering verification methods. Firstly, the active failure phenomenon of shallow-buried sandy soil stratum is studied by numerical simulation, and the corresponding limit support pressure and failure zone shape are obtained. Then, based on the numerical simulation results, the failure mode applicable to shallow-buried sandy soil stratum is constructed, and the corresponding ultimate support pressure is solved. Finally, the model is applied in the Hangzhou Metro Line 5 pressurized inlet project, and the ground settlement is monitored. ［Result & Conclusion］ The limit support pressure increases approximately linearly with the increase of burial depth, and decreases approximately exponentially with the increase of internal friction angle; the instability mode of the shallow-buried stratum presents the shape of lower wedge and upper inverted cone/platform, in which the upper failure zone is further split into the damage core zone and disturbance zone. By comparing with the numerical model and the literature model, it is found that the proposed wedge + inverted cone/platform model can better describe the phenomenon that the damage zone can reach the ground surface due to the inability of the shallow-buried sandy stratum to form an arch; during the shield pressure entry construction of Hangzhou Metro Line 5 project, the maximum ground settlement value caused is 9.5 mm, and the influence range is within 10 m on both sides of the tunnel axis.

In China, health education served as the primary method for controlling schistosomiasis and had significantly contributed to the management of schistosomiasis epidemics. In contrast, university students who lived/studied in schistosomiasis-endemic areas were often in the risk zone for schistosomiasis infection as part of their social practice and leisure activities. Thus, the risk of schistosomiasis transmission remained widespread and chronic. This study will conduct a survey and analyzed schistosomiasis awareness among university students in colleges and universities in endemic areas. The aim was to optimize intervention strategies once transmission had been interrupted. Students from two colleges and universities in the city of Gongqingcheng on Lake Poyang were selected and asked to complete a questionnaire via the online platform Questionnaire Star- The survey assessed exposure to snail-infested water, knowledge about schistosomiasis, and preferences for health education methods among students who had traveled to snail breeding areas. The survey took place from April 2 to April 4, 2024. The survey results showed that of the 4,847 respondents (49% male, 51% female), 53.8% reported exposure to snail-infested environments near their schools, and 38.4% had direct contact with snail-infested water. Of these, with those who dug for wild vegetables exposed significantly more nonendemic than endemic students to snail water (13.93% vs. 8.42%, χ2 = 16.681, P = 0.000). Awareness of schistosomiasis was low (31.08%), with limited knowledge about transmission (30.58%) and symptoms (42.91%). Of these, students from endemic areas were significantly more aware of transmission and symptoms than those from nonendemic areas (36.52% vs. 27.22%, χ2 = 7.623, P = 0.006 & 50.17% vs. 38.80%, χ2 = 9.872, P = 0.002). Preferred education methods included mobile multimedia (72.75%), brochures (68.68%), and physical promotional items (66.58%). In general, the overall awareness of schistosomiasis among university students remained low. There was a need to enhance health education in schools to improve disease prevention awareness within this population. Author summary: Schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions. Although China's schistosomiasis epidemic is at a very low level, the risk of infection still exists, and health education for schistosomiasis control in the new situation still has blind spots, especially for the entire health education for the mobile population has not yet been carried out. Among them, university students who live/study in schistosomiasis-endemic areas are often at risk of schistosomiasis infection due to social practices and leisure activities. In order to identify possible blind spots in schistosomiasis health education and promotion in the process of schistosomiasis elimination, we will conduct a survey and analyse the awareness of schistosomiasis among university students enrolled in colleges and universities in the infected areas. Our survey revealed a serious lack of knowledge about schistosomiasis control among university students. At the same time, it was found that, given the high level of internet access among university students, online health education can be used to raise awareness of schistosomiasis prevention among the university student population. This will provide a scientific basis for optimal intervention strategies for schistosomiasis health education and promotion following the interruption of transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-centrosymmetric material systems can generate spontaneous photocurrent without a p-n junction under uniform illumination, which is known as the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE). It has garnered significant attention for its application potential in the fields of energy harvesting and photoelectric detection. In this study, we report the BPVE observed in two-dimensional ferroelectric α-In2Se3 multilayer flakes. The reversal in spontaneous photocurrent polarity is observed and associated with the out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization direction. The spontaneous photocurrent originating from the shift current is also polarization-sensitive. The amplitude of spontaneous photocurrent is further increased by one order of magnitude through vacuum annealing. Our results provide a further application potential for new-generation photodetectors based on BPVE with low power consumption and multi-dimensional optoelectronic detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-centrosymmetric material systems can generate spontaneous photocurrent without a p-n junction under uniform illumination, which is known as the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE). It has garnered significant attention for its application potential in the fields of energy harvesting and photoelectric detection. In this study, we report the BPVE observed in two-dimensional ferroelectric α-In2Se3 multilayer flakes. The reversal in spontaneous photocurrent polarity is observed and associated with the out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization direction. The spontaneous photocurrent originating from the shift current is also polarization-sensitive. The amplitude of spontaneous photocurrent is further increased by one order of magnitude through vacuum annealing. Our results provide a further application potential for new-generation photodetectors based on BPVE with low power consumption and multi-dimensional optoelectronic detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The superconducting diode effect (SDE) is defined by the difference in the magnitude of critical currents applied in opposite directions. It has been observed in various superconducting systems and attracted high research interests. However, the operating temperature of the SDE is typically low and/or the sample structure is rather complex. For the potential applications in non-dissipative electronics, efficient superconducting diodes working in zero magnetic field with high operating temperatures and a simple configuration are highly desired. Here, we report the observation of a SDE under zero magnetic field with operating temperatures up to 72 K and efficiency as high as 22% at 53 K in high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (BSCCO) flake devices. The rectification effect persists beyond two hundred sweeping cycles, confirming the stability of the superconducting diode. Our results offer promising developments for potential applications in non-dissipative electronics, and provide insights into the mechanism of field-free SDE and symmetry breakings in high-Tc superconductors. The applications of the superconducting diode effect (SDE) are usually limited by low operating temperatures, external magnetic fields and complex sample structures. Here, the authors report the observation of a SDE under zero magnetic field up to 72 K in a high-transition-temperature cuprate superconductor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Solve the problem of excavation surface stability during shield tunneling with pressure entry in shallow-buried sandy stratum. To solve the problem of the stability of tunnel face of shield tunnel with pressure into the chamber in shallow buried sandy soil stratum. [Method] The limit support pressure during the shield tunneling pressurized chamber entry operation is studied by combining numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and engineering verification methods. Firstly, the active failure phenomenon of shallowburied sandy soil stratum is studied by numerical simulation, and the corresponding limit support pressure and failure zone shape are obtained. Then, based on the numerical simulation results, the failure mode applicable to shallow-buried sandy soil stratum is constructed, and the corresponding ultimate support pressure is solved. Finally, the model is applied in the Hangzhou Metro Line 5 pressurized inlet project, and the ground settlement is monitored. [Result & Conclusion] The limit support pressure increases approximately linearly with the increase of burial depth, and decreases approximately exponentially with the increase of internal friction angle; the instability mode of the shallow-buried stratum presents the shape of lower wedge and upper inverted cone/platform, in which the upper failure zone is further split into the damage core zone and disturbance zone. By comparing with the numerical model and the literature model, it is found that the proposed wedge + inverted cone/platform model can better describe the phenomenon that the damage zone can reach the ground surface due to the inability of the shallow-buried sandy stratum to form an arch; during the shield pressure entry construction of Hangzhou Metro Line 5 project, the maximum ground settlement value caused is 9.5 mm, and the influence range is within 10 m on both sides of the tunnel axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) is a worldwide and highly destructive disease of citrus, but the mechanisms involved in CYVCV-inhibited plant growth are not well understood. This study examined nutrient levels and their cellular distribution in different organs of healthy and CYVCV-affected citrus (Citrus reticulata 'Kanpei') plants. We found that CYVCV-infected plants exhibit characteristic symptoms, including a significant reduction in iron (Fe) and other elemental nutrients in the shoots. Our data suggest that CYVCV-induced chlorosis in citrus leaf veins is primarily due to iron deficiency, leading to reduced chlorophyll synthesis. Further analysis revealed a marked decrease in iron concentration within the pith and xylem of citrus petioles post-CYVCV infection, contrasting with increased Fe and zinc (Zn) concentrations in the phloem. Moreover, a substantial accumulation of starch granules was observed in the pith, xylem, and phloem vessels of infected plants, with vessel blockage due to starch accumulation reaching up to 81%, thus significantly obstructing Fe transport in the xylem. Additionally, our study detected an upregulation of genes associated with nicotinamide metabolism and Fe and Zn transport following CYVCV infection, leading to increased levels of nicotinamide metabolites. This suggests that CYVCV-infected citrus plants may induce nicotinamide synthesis in response to Fe deficiency stress, facilitating the transport of Fe and Zn in the phloem as nicotinamide-bound complexes. Overall, our findings provide insight into the mechanisms of long-distance Fe and Zn transport in citrus plants in response to CYVCV infection and highlight the role of nutritional management in mitigating the adverse effects of CYVCV, offering potential strategies for cultivating CYVCV-resistant citrus varieties., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement. The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest in this paper., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major contributor to chronic back pain and disability, with limited effective therapeutic options. Current treatment options, including conservative management and surgical interventions, often fail to effectively halt disease progression and come with notable side effects. IVDD is characterized by the breakdown of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the infiltration of inflammatory cells, which exacerbate disc degeneration. This study presents a novel therapeutic strategy aimed at addressing the dual challenges of inflammation and ECM degradation in IVDD. We developed a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel system loaded with interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, and kartogenin (KGN), a small-molecule compound known for its regenerative properties. The KGN + IL-10@GelMA hydrogel was designed to deliver these agents in a controlled manner directly to the degenerated disc, targeting both the inflammatory microenvironment and the promotion of nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue regeneration. In a puncture-induced IVDD model, this hydrogel system effectively delayed the degenerative progression and facilitated NP regeneration. Our findings suggest that the KGN + IL-10@GelMA hydrogel holds significant potential as a nonsurgical treatment option for IVDD, offering a promising approach to mitigate the progression of IVDD and enhance disc repair.

Osteosarcoma (OS), a highly aggressive bone tumor, presents significant challenges in terms of effective treatment. We identified that cellular autophagy was impaired within OS by comparing clinical OS samples through bioinformatic analyses and further validated the inhibition of mitochondrial autophagy in OS at the transcriptomic level. Based on this finding, we investigated the therapeutic potential of a dual functional metal nanoplatform (MnS x ) to facilitate a transition from the protective effect of low-level autophagy in OS to the killing effect of high-level autophagy in OS. MnS x facilitated intracellular H 2 S generation via endocytosis, leading to the S-sulfhydration of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8 (USP8) and subsequent promotion of mitochondrial autophagy in vitro . Additionally, MnS x activated the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, further enhancing the cellular autophagic response and accelerating tumor cell death. Moreover, it was demonstrated in vivo that MnS x , on the one hand, mediated the activation of tumor autophagy by USP8 via intracellular H 2 S, while Mn 2+ promoted the maturation of dendritic cells, activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes and contributed to tumor eradication. Such tumor killing could be suppressed by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Importantly, synergistic combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors showed promise for achieving complete remission of OS. This study highlights the potential of MnS x as a dual-functional therapeutic platform for OS treatment and offers novel directions for future research in this field., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.)

The rapid development of low energy dissipation spintronic devices has stimulated the search for air-stable 2D nanomaterials possessing room-temperature ferromagnetism. Here the experimental realization of 2D Mo 4/3 B 2 nanosheets is reported with intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetic characteristics by vacancy engineering. These nanosheets are synthesized by etching the bulk MAB phase (Mo 2/3 Y 1/3 ) 2 AlB 2 into Mo 4/3 B 2 nanosheets in ZnCl 2 molten salt. The Mo 4/3 B 2 nanosheets show robust intrinsic ferromagnetic properties, with a saturation magnetic moment of 0.044 emu g -1 at 300 K, while vacancy-free MoB MBene exhibits paramagnetism. It is elucidated that the Mo-vacancy defect generates large density of states near the Fermi surface and spontaneously spin-split bands through first-principles calculations, which contributes to the non-zero magnetic moment in Mo 4/3 B 2 nanosheets. This work lays the groundwork for activating the magnetic properties of MBene nanosheets by vacancy engineering, offering the possibilities for development of practical spintronic devices., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Materials published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)