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Highlights Evaporation and solution two-step hybrid process are used to fabricate conformal growth of perovskite film on textured silicon substrates. F-PMAI additive enlarged the perovskite grains, induced the (111) preferred orientation and passivated interface defects. We obtained a champion efficiency of 30.05% for a monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell based on a silicon thin film tunneling junction.

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate the T2W hypointense ring and T2-FLAIR mismatch signs in gliomas and use these signs to construct prediction models for glioma grading and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status. Methods Two independent radiologists retrospectively evaluated 207 glioma patients to assess the presence of T2W hypointense ring and T2-FLAIR mismatch signs. The inter-rater reliability was calculated using the Cohen’s kappa statistic. Two logistic regression models were constructed to differentiate glioma grade and predict IDH genotype noninvasively, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the developed models. Results Of the 207 patients enrolled (119 males and 88 females, mean age 51.6 ± 14.8 years), 45 cases were low-grade gliomas (LGGs), 162 were high-grade gliomas (HGGs), 55 patients had IDH mutations, and 116 were IDH wild-type. The number of T2W hypointense ring signs was higher in HGGs compared to LGGs (p

BackgroundThe primary imaging markers for idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (iNPH) emphasize morphological measurements within the ventricular system, with no attention given to alterations in brain parenchyma. This study aimed to investigate the potential effectiveness of combining ventricular morphometry and cortical structural measurements as diagnostic biomarkers for iNPH.MethodsA total of 57 iNPH patients and 55 age-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited in this study. Firstly, manual measurements of ventricular morphology, including Evans Index (EI), z-Evans Index (z-EI), Cella Media Width (CMW), Callosal Angle (CA), and Callosal Height (CH), were conducted based on MRI scans. Cortical thickness measurements were obtained, and statistical analyses were performed using surface-based morphometric analysis. Secondly, three distinct models were developed using machine learning algorithms, each based on a different input feature: a ventricular morphology model (LVM), a cortical thickness model (CT), and a fusion model (All) incorporating both features. Model performances were assessed using 10-fold cross validation and tested on an independent dataset. Model interpretation utilized Shapley Additive Interpretation (SHAP), providing a visualization of the contribution of each variable in the predictive model. Finally, Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the relationship between imaging biomarkers and clinical symptoms.ResultsiNPH patients exhibited notable differences in cortical thickness compared to HC. This included reduced thickness in the frontal, temporal, and cingulate cortices, along with increased thickness in the supracentral gyrus. The diagnostic performance of the fusion model (All) for iNPH surpassed that of the single-feature models, achieving an average accuracy of 90.43%, sensitivity of 90.00%, specificity of 90.91%, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 81.03%. This improvement in accuracy (6.09%), sensitivity (11.67%), and MCC (11.25%) compared to the LVM strategy was significant. Shap analysis revealed the crucial role of cortical thickness in the right isthmus cingulate cortex, emerging as the most influential factor in distinguishing iNPH from HC. Additionally, significant correlations were observed between the typical triad symptoms of iNPH patients and cortical structural alterations.ConclusionThis study emphasizes the significant role of cortical structure changes in the diagnosis of iNPH, providing a novel insights for assisting clinicians in improving the identification and detection of iNPH.

Objective To investigate the value of the magnetic resonance neurography three-dimensional sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolution (3D-SPACE) in displaying the neoplasms of the lumbosacral plexus. Methods MRI 3D-SPACE images of 16 cases with neoplasm in the lumbosacral plexus collected during January 2018 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. All cases were confirmed by pathology. The maximum diameter of the tumors was measured and the number of lesions was counted. The location of the involved lumbosacral plexus was observed and the number of the involved nerves was counted. The relationship between the tumors and nerves was evaluated. Results Ten cases were of single lesion and 6 cases were of multiple lesions. The average maximum diameter of tumors was （57.1±37.2）mm. Single nerve involved was detected in 5 cases while multiple nerves involved were in 11 cases. The relationship between the tumor and nerve was divided into three types. The tumor grew along the nerve in 5 cases. The nerves were compressed by the tumors in 5 cases, and were invaded and surrounded in 6 cases. Conclusions MRI 3D-SPACE can reveal the location and numbers of the tumor, displaying the relationship between the tumor and nerve clearly and intuitively, which is important for localization and diagnosis of the neoplastm in the lumbosacral plexus.