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The utilization of Li metal anodes (LMAs) can satisfy the requirements of high-energy-density rechargeable batteries. However, LMAs are plagued by dendrite formation, low coulombic efficiency (CE), and interfacial side reactions. Here, a metal–organic framework (MOF) with high specific area and 1D aligned molecular channels is designed and prepared as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) to regulate the interfacial stability of LMAs. The porous structure enables the accommodation of the liquid electrolyte, while the Li+ transport channel promotes uniform lithium deposition and mitigates dendrite growth. The open metal sites in the MOF facilitate the entrapment of anions, thereby impeding anion migration and improving Li+ transport kinetics. Owing to these advantages, cells based on MOF modified copper current collectors exhibit a high CE of 98.6% for 200 cycles at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mA h cm−2. The symmetric cell shows an improved lifespan of 2000 h with a small voltage hysteresis of 25 mV at 0.5 mA cm−2 and 1 mA h cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most solutions for the large strain nonlinear consolidation of soils with vertical drains are based on the assumption that the negative vacuum pressure only depends on the depth. In response to the shortcomings of this assumption, a large strain nonlinear consolidation model of soils with vertical drains under vacuum preloading is developed by considering the time‐and depth‐dependent well resistance. By fitting the data under different well resistances, the influence of well resistance parameters on the negative vacuum pressure variation in vertical drains is investigated, and the relevant empirical formulas describing the negative vacuum pressure variation in vertical drains are provided. The results obtained from the empirical formulas are in good agreement with the theoretical results as well as the experimental data, by which the reliability of the proposed empirical formulas is verified. The advantages of proposed empirical model can be identified by comparing it with the conventional model in which negative vacuum pressure is only linearly distributed with depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The upper and lower‐level circulations can be divided into four distinct modes based on ERA5 daily reanalysis data. The impact of these patterns on the summer persistent precipitation (SPP) in the Jianghuai River Basin (JRB) is investigated, with the '−SR (Silk Road)/+EAP (East Asia‐Pacific)' mode identified as the most favourable for triggering SPP. The main manifestations are as follows: (1) From 1981 to 2020, 29.4% (30.7%) of extreme precipitation days (the frequencies of persistent extreme precipitation) are related to the '−SR/+EAP' mode, indicating the importance of the '−SR/+EAP' mode to the SPP in the JRB. (2) The '−SR' pattern accelerates the westerly jet, leading to strong divergence over the JRB. Concurrently, the eastward movement of the South Asia High and westward shift of the Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) create conditions favourable for SPP in the JRB. (3) Abundant water vapour, facilitated by strong moisture convergence and upward motion, significantly contributes to SPP in the JRB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of anthracene (Ant) with 3 rings, benzo[a]anthracene (BaA) with 4 rings and benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF) with 5 rings in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at different exposure times (4 h and 24 h) and low exposure levels (0 pg/mL, 0.1 pg/mL, 1 pg/mL, 100 pg/mL and 10,000 pg/mL) on RAW264.7 cells. The changes of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and oxidative stress levels in RAW264.7 cells were investigated by methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between variables. Ant, BaA and BbF induced the secretion of IL-6 and the occurrence of oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. The inflammatory effect and oxidative damage were exacerbated with prolonged exposure time, increasing exposure concentration and increasing number of PAH rings. At the same time, IL-6 was found to have a certain correlation with the levels of ROS, MDA and SOD. Exposure to atmospheric PAHs at low concentrations can also produce toxic effects on cells, IL-6 and oxidative stress work together in cell damage. The study is expected to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for air pollution control and human health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cartilage is frequently used as a scaffolds for repairing and reconstructing body surface organs. However, after successful plastic surgery, transplanted cartilage scaffolds often exhibit deformation and absorption over time. To enhance the shaping stability of cartilage scaffolds and improve patients' satisfaction after reconstructions, we employed the ear folding models in New Zealand rabbits to confirm whether the 1064nm neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser could promote cartilage reshaping. There was an increase in collagen and aromatase (Cyp19) expression within the ear cartilage after laser treatment. Moreover, we have found that the Cyp19 inhibitor can inhibit the laser's effect on cartilage shaping and reduce collagen and Cyp19 expression. The overall findings suggest that treatment with 1064nm Nd:YAG laser irradiation can enhance estrogen levels in local cartilage tissues by upregulating Cyp19 expression in chondrocytes through photobiomodulation, thereby promoting the proliferation and collagen secretion of chondrocytes to improve cartilage reshaping and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the challenges associated with accurately modeling complex nonlinear systems with time delays in industrial processes, this paper introduces an advanced model-free control algorithm that combines data-driven and model-driven approaches. Initially, an enhanced algorithm for multi-innovation model-free control, incorporating error feedback, is presented based on the error feedback principle. Subsequently, a novel control strategy is introduced by delving into PID neural network (NN) recognition and control theory, merging PID NN control with multi-innovation feedback control. Through meticulous mathematical derivation, the proposed strategy is proven to ensure system stability. Compared with traditional NN PID controllers, the convergence rate of the proposed scheme is 50 s faster and the steady-state errors are limited to ±1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe clamp plays a vital role in supporting and suppressing vibration in pipeline systems. The vibration stress analysis of clamps is an essential basis for evaluating the strength of clamps, which is crucial for ensuring the safety and stability of the aero-engine pipeline system. However, there is a lack of relevant research to analyze the vibration response of the clamp. To make up for this defect, the precise modeling and vibration stress analysis of the clamp are carried out in this article. First, simulation and experimental testing are conducted on a bracket-clamp-additional mass system under the base excitation. The maximum stress errors of simulation and experiment under the excitation of sweep-frequency and fixed-frequency are 6.64% and 23.16%, respectively. Then, the influence of different excitation amplitude and additional masses on the surface stress of the clamp is analyzed. It is found that the surface stress of the clamp increases with the increase of the additional mass, and the effect of excitation amplitude on the surface stress of the clamp has a linear law. The simulation and experiment work in this article provides a deeper insight into the physical understanding for the design of clamp-pipeline system, and the precise clamp modeling idea proposed can also be extended to other specifications of engine clamp modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Platelets have the hemostatic function, and their aberrant activation is associated with occlusive thrombus formation. Plasma exosomes are rich in platelets containing ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15). Herein, we aim to explore the effect of USP15 on thrombosis, as well as expounding whether USP15 acts as an upstream target of FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) to regulate occlusive thrombus formation., Methods: Washed human platelets were treated with thrombin for measurement of USP15 and FKBP5 expressions. USP15 loss/gain-of-function variant in HEK293 cells was performed by cell transfection, and the interaction between USP15 and FKBP5 was examined using immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays. Mice with USP15-knockout platelets (Plt USP15 -/- ) were modeled, and subjected to calculation of bleeding time, artery thrombosis imaging and clot retraction assay. FKBP5 expression and the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit epsilon (IKBKE)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Rap1 pathway in wild-type and Plt USP15 -/- mice-derived platelets were detected using Western blot. The activation of αIIbβ3 in washed platelets was analyzed using flow cytometry., Results: USP15 and FKBP5 expressions were upregulated in platelets after thrombin treatment. Following transfection of USP15 knockdown and USP15 overexpression plasmids into HEK293 cells, FKBP5 protein expression was downregulated by USP15 knockdown while being upregulated by USP15 overexpression. USP15 bound to FKBP5 and protected FKBP5 against ubiquitination. Knockdown of platelet USP15 prolonged bleeding time, inhibited arterial thrombosis and delayed clot retraction in mice. Knockdown of platelet USP15 also decreased protein expressions of FKBP5, IKBKE and Rap1, p-PI3K/PI3K ratio, and activation of αIIbβ3 in mice., Conclusion: USP15 knockdown in platelets affects thrombosis in mice by promoting the instability of FKBP5 to repress the activation of IKBKE/PI3K/Rap1 pathway-mediated αIIbβ3., (© 2024 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.)

Significance: The classification of melasma is critical for correct clinical diagnosis, treatment selection, and postoperative measures. However, preoperative quantitative determination of melasma type remains challenging using conventional Wood's lamp and optical dermoscopy techniques., Aim: Using photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) to simultaneously obtain the two diagnostic indicators of melanin and blood vessels for melasma classification and perform quantitative analysis to finally achieve accurate classification, rather than relying solely on physicians' experience., Approach: First, the patients were classified by experienced dermatologists with Wood's lamp and optical dermoscopy. Next, the patients were examined in vivo using the PAM imaging system. Further, the horizontal section images ( X - Y plane) of epidermal melanin and dermal vascular involvement were extracted from the 3D photoacoustic imaging results, which are important basis for PAM to quantitatively classify melasma., Results: PAM can quantitatively reveal epidermal thickness and dermal vascular morphology in each case and obtain the quantitative diagnostic indicators of melanin and blood vessels. The mean vascular diameter in lesional skin ( 223.2    μ m ) of epidermal M+V-type was much larger than that in non-lesional skin ( 131.6    μ m ), and the mean vascular density in lesional skin was more than three times that in non-lesional skin. Importantly, vascular diameter and density are important parameters for distinguishing M type from M+V type., Conclusions: PAM can obtain the data of epidermal thickness, pigment depth, subcutaneous vascular diameter, and vascular density, and realize the dual standard quantitative melasma classification by combining the parameters of melanin and blood vessels. In addition, PAM can provide new diagnostic information for uncertain melasma types and further refine the typing., (© 2023 The Authors.)