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Detection and discrimination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is important to provide a more realistic assessment of their potential implication in complex environments and medical diagnostics based on volatile biomarkers. Herein, chemiresistive sensors are fabricated using stacked MoS2 nanoflakes with defects and exposed‐edge sites. The sensor is found to be extremely selective to triethylamine (TEA) over polar, non‐polar VOCs and atmospheric gases. The sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 1.72% ppm−1, fast response/recovery (19 s/39 s) to 100 ppm TEA at room temperature, low limit of detection (64 ppb), device reproducibility, humidity tolerance (RH 90%) and stability tested up to 60 days. The kinetic analysis of sensing curves reveals two discrete adsorption sites corresponding to edge and basal sites of interaction, with a higher rate constant of association and dissociation for TEA. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies support higher adsorption energy of TEA on MoS2 surface with respect to other volatile amines. The sensor demonstrates TEA recognition and composition estimation capability in a binary mixture of a similar class of VOCs using Machine Learning driven analysis with 95% accuracy. The ability to discriminate amines in binary mixture of other volatile amines paves the way for the advancement of next‐generation devices in the field of disease diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India, 80% of graduating engineers remain either underemployed or unemployed due to lack of specific professional and generic skills. This study focuses on understanding how engineering graduates can psychologically orient themselves concerning their career opportunities. Specifically, this study looks at the intersection between career planning attitudes, locus of control and employability perceptions of students. The study further investigates whether such career orientations can make graduate job-seekers more assertive and in control of their preparations for job interviews. A two-stage mixed-method design is applied to investigate this issue. In study 1, data is collected from 497 final year engineering students from several technical institutions from South India and subsequently analysed through hierarchical linear regression analysis. The findings reveal that locus of control orientation positively influences students' internal cognitive processes, affecting their overall belief about their employability potential. In study 2, in-depth interviews with eight corporate recruiters and six placement officers are conducted through an E-Delphi setting. The objective of study 2 is to understand whether generic employability aspects are considered important while deciding a candidate's suitability and how these cognitive career orientations can be inculcated appropriately among the students. The importance of developing a vocational mindset is stressed, and suggestions to foster the same have been explained at length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time perspective is a theoretical construct that describes how humans perceive time, which can influence decision-making and subsequent behavior. Research has shown that an individual's dominant time perspective can be linked to increased risk of poor health. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between time perspective and perceived social isolation. Specifically, we examined the role of social interaction anxiety in the relationship between time perspective and perceived social isolation in a normative sample of college-aged individuals. Undergraduates (n = 1780) at a large midwestern university completed an online survey. Results revealed that future-oriented, past-positive, and present-hedonistic time perspectives were significantly negatively associated with perceived social isolation. In contrast, past-negative was positively associated with perceived social isolation, and these relationships were partially explained by social interaction anxiety. Understanding dominant time perspectives can help us to better assess health risk factors and may help to develop interventions to promote healthy behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite extensive research, comprehensive characterization of leukaemic stem cells (LSC) and information on their immunophenotypic differences from normal haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is lacking. Herein, we attempted to unravel the immunophenotypic (IPT) characteristics and heterogeneity of LSC using multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) and single‐cell sequencing. Materials and Methods: Bone marrow aspirate samples from patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) were evaluated using MFC at diagnostic and post induction time points using a single tube‐10‐colour‐panel containing LSC‐associated antibodies CD123, CD45RA, CD44, CD33 and COMPOSITE (CLL‐1, TIM‐3, CD25, CD11b, CD22, CD7, CD56) with backbone markers that is, CD45, CD34, CD38, CD117, sCD3. Single‐cell sequencing of the whole transcriptome was also done in a bone marrow sample. Results: LSCs and HSCs were identified in 225/255 (88.2%) and 183/255 (71.6%) samples, respectively. Significantly higher expression was noted for COMPOSITE, CD45RA, CD123, CD33, and CD44 in LSCs than HSCs (p < 0.0001). On comparing the LSC specific antigen expressions between CD34+ (n = 184) and CD34‐ LSCs (n = 41), no difference was observed between the groups. More than one sub‐population of LSC was demonstrated in 4.4% of cases, which further revealed high concordance between MFC and single cell transcriptomic analysis in one of the cases displaying three LSC subpopulations by both methods. Conclusion: A single tube‐10‐colour MFC panel is proposed as an easy and reproducible tool to identify and discriminate LSCs from HSCs. LSCs display both inter‐ and intra‐sample heterogeneity in terms of antigen expressions, which opens the facets for single cell molecular analysis to elucidate the role of subpopulations of LSCs in AML progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Hyaluronic acids (HAs) continue to be the fillers of choice worldwide and their popularity is growing. Adverse events (AEs) are able to be resolved through the use of hyaluronidase (HYAL). However, routine HYAL use has been at issue due to perceived safety issues. Objectives There are currently no guidelines on the use of HYAL in aesthetic practice, leading to variability in storage, preparation, skin testing, and beliefs concerning AEs. This manuscript interrogated the use of this agent in daily practice. Methods A 39-question survey concerning HYAL practice was completed by 264 healthcare practitioners: 244 from interrogated databases and 20 from the consensus panel. Answers from those in the database were compared to those of the consensus panel. Results Compared to the database group, the consensus group was more confident in the preparation of HYAL, kept reconstituted HYAL for longer, and was less likely to skin test for HYAL sensitivity and more likely to treat with HYAL in an emergency, even in those with a wasp or bee sting anaphylactic history. Ninety-two percent of all respondents had never observed an acute reaction to HYAL. Just over 1% of respondents had ever observed anaphylaxis. Five percent of practitioners reported longer-term adverse effects, including 3 respondents who reported loss of deep tissues. Consent before injecting HA for the possible requirement of HYAL was always obtained by 74% of practitioners. Conclusions Hyaluronidase would appear to be an essential agent for anyone injecting hyaluronic acid filler. However, there is an absence of evidence-based recommendations with respect to the concentration, dosing, and treatment intervals of HYAL, and these should ideally be available. Level of Evidence: 5 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal oxide–carbon nanocomposites offer an interesting platform for electrochemical sensing due to the synergistic effect of a highly active semiconducting surface and conducting carbon as the supporting backbone. In this work, the in situ synthesis of SnO2 with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) led to the formation of small, uniform SnO2 nanoparticles, measuring 10–20 nm in size, whereas the inclusion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) resulted in the formation of (200) oriented SnO2 nanoplatelets of ∼200 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrates a chemical interaction between Sn and C rather than physical adherence. The cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of SnO2–rGO and SnO2–MWCNT display high peak current density and small ΔE in comparison to SnO2, signifying fast electron transfer, reversibility, and enhanced electrochemically active sites. Under optimized experimental conditions of square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV), the nanocomposites demonstrate high sensitivity (3.9, 9.9, 45.5, and 25.4 mA cm–1 ppb–1) and a low detection limit (in ppb) toward Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+, respectively. The high selectivity of SnO2–rGO for Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions and SnO2–MWCNT for Hg2+ and Cu2+ in a complex metal ion environment is encouraging and is probed by using density functional theory (DFT). Additionally, an artificial neural network (ANN)-based model justifies the sensor's accuracy and precision for real-time, on-site detection of heavy metal ions directly in tap water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy pain is a sensory and emotional experience connected with actual or potential tissue damage. Effective pain control is quite important, with around 70% of patients still complaining of moderate-to-severe pain postoperatively. Uncontrolled perioperative pain may raise patient morbidity and mortality rates. Both gabapentin and clonidine as premeditated can be easily administered have minimal side effects, are easily available at a low price, both them have a sedative effect that can decrease anxiety and they can blunt the stress response. Moreover, both drugs have anti-nociceptive effects that may be beneficial for controlling postoperating pain which is the basis of our current study. Aims: This study aims to compare the efficacy of oral clonidine with gabapentin before induction of anesthesia in attenuating hemodynamic stress response to laryngoscopy, intubation, and carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and to compare the efficacy of oral clonidine with oral gabapentin for postoperative pain control. Materials and Methods: Hundred patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery and qualifying inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into two groups each containing 50 patients. Group I patients were given Tab. Clonidine (300 μg) and Group II patients were given tablet Gabapentin (600 mg) orally 60 min before induction of general anesthesia. Hemodynamic changes and the incidence of postoperative pain in both groups were measured and compared. Results: Hemodynamic blunting to pressor stress of laryngoscopy and intubation was seen in both groups with better results obtained in the group receiving clonidine in the form of lesser variations in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Postoperative analgesia was achieved in both groups but gabapentin showed a better analgesic profile in the form of lesser Visual Analog Scale scoring and decreased utilization of rescue analgesia. Conclusion: Clonidine (300 μg) cause a greater attenuation of intraoperative hemodynamic stress responses, whereas gabapentin (600 mg) provides superior postoperative analgesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]