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Herein, a disubstitution strategy of metal ions and organic ligands is employed to synthesize metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets with a three-dimensional (3D) porous structure and a highly active metal–sulfur (M–S, M = Co and Ni) region. The obtained MOFs//Zn batteries exhibit excellent electrochemical properties and the electrochemical reaction mechanism was elucidated through a series of ex situ characterizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral lead halide perovskites have captivated considerable attentions due to their distinctive attributes, such as ferroelectricity, spin‐dependent transport, and chiroptical activity. However, lead toxicity and weak circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have cast a pall over their practical applications. Here, a series of 0D lead‐free chiral enantiomorphic hybrids, such as (R‐/S‐MBA)3In1‐xSbxCl6 (x = 0–1) is successfully developed. By optimizing the Sb3+ doping concentration to 0.55%, the resultant (R‐/S‐MBA)3In99.45%Sb0.55%Cl6 not only shows a near‐unity quantum yield but also emanates potent CPL, boasting a dissymmetry factor (glum) of 6.3 × 10–3. These efficient CPL activities are intricately tied to the presence of a twisted luminescent cluster [SbCl6]3– induced by structural chirality. The comprehensive results reveal that the emission of the chiral perovskite originated from self‐trapped excitons (STEs) of 5s2 Sb3+ ions. Moreover, (MBA)3In99.45%Sb0.55%Cl6 single crystals also exhibit bright orange emission and UV detector signals. These findings will pave the way for the further investigation in efficient CPL and detectors based on lead‐free chiral optoelectronic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report the first result of large scale and oxygen vacancy VO2 porous thin sheets assembled by a 3D interconnected nanoflake array framework, which is recorded as VOd. The as-prepared VOd was characterized by various methods and Zn2+ intercalation/deintercalation and structural decomposition mechanisms were proposed based on ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural organisms have evolved a series of versatile functional biomaterials and structures to cope with survival crises in their living environment, exhibiting outstanding properties such as superhydrophobicity, anisotropy, and mechanical reinforcement, which have provided abundant inspiration for the design and fabrication of next‐generation multi‐functional devices. However, the lack of available materials and limitations of traditional manufacturing methods for complex multiscale structures have hindered the progress in bio‐inspired manufacturing of functional structures. As a revolutionary emerging manufacturing technology, additive manufacturing (i.e., 3D printing) offers high design flexibility and manufacturing freedom, providing the potential for the fabrication of intricate, multiscale, hierarchical, and multi‐material structures. Herein, a comprehensive review of current 3D printing of surface/interface structures, covering the applied materials, designs, and functional applications is provided. Several bio‐inspired surface structures that have been created using 3D printing technology are highlighted and categorized based on their specific properties and applications, some properties can be applied to multiple applications. The optimized designs of these 3D‐printed bio‐inspired surfaces offer a promising prospect of low‐cost, high efficiency, and excellent performance. Finally, challenges and opportunities in field of fabricating functional surface/interface with more versatile functional material, refined structural design, and better cost‐effective are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate diagnostic approaches for preoperative localization of secondary hyperparathyroidism, as well as to give surgeons with precise parathyroid gland localization and imaging so that surgery can be performed safely., Methods: The clinical data of 710 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism who underwent surgery in our center from October 2009 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The changes in calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone levels were observed to ascertain the anatomical location and number of parathyroid glands., Results: Among the 710 patients, 55 underwent total parathyroidectomy, the others underwent total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation. In total, 2,658 parathyroid glands were removed, with 43 glands being removed in 35 reoperation cases. The median parathyroid hormone level at 6 months postoperatively was 13.40 (interquartile range, 7.00-29.80) pg/mL. The detection rates of the parathyroid glands before first and repeat surgeries were higher using 99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT fusion imaging than ultrasound ( P< 0.05). The sensitivity of combined preoperative 99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT and ultrasound was 92.31%, higher than that of either 99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT fusion imaging or ultrasound alone ( P < 0.05). The incidence of ectopic parathyroid glands was 23.8%, and the incidence of ectopic left lower parathyroid glands was 13.2%. The left lower parathyroid gland was the most prone to ectopia., Conclusion: 99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT fusion imaging, paired with high-frequency ultrasound, can be utilized to diagnose SHPT preoperatively. The most common ectopia site is the left lower parathyroid gland, which is located primarily in the thymus and superior mediastinum. Understanding the functional anatomical distribution of the parathyroid glands is critical for developing effective surgical methods for secondary hyperparathyroidism., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhou, Xu, Guo, Chen, Liu, Guo, Shao and He.)

Introduction: Amomum fruit, also known as Sharen, serves as both a functional food and a traditional Chinese medicine with significant pharmacological activities. However, there are three botanical origins of Amomum fruit: Amomum villosum Lour. (AVL), Amomum villosum Lour. var. xanthioides T. L. (AVX), and Amomum longiligulare T. L. Wu (ALW)., Objective: Conducting a comprehensive chemical composition analysis of Amomum fruit from three botanical origins aims to identify potential differences in metabolic characteristics., Methods: To annotate the metabolic characteristic ions of multi-origin Amomum fruit, we employed metabolomic techniques, including ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry (MS) and gas chromatography-MS, in conjunction with feature-based molecular networking technology. Additionally, chemometrics was utilized to examine the correlations between the various botanical origins., Results: A total of 201 non-volatile and 151 volatile metabolites were annotated, and most of the proanthocyanidins and flavonoids were identified by feature-based molecular networking. Additionally, 61 non-volatile and 45 volatile feature ions were screened out for classification. Principal component analysis, orthogonal projection to latent structures discrimination analysis, and heat map analysis were employed to clearly distinguish the metabolite profiles of Amomum fruit from different origins. Hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that proanthocyanidins C1 and C2, as well as proanthocyanins oligomers, show significant differential expression between AVX and AVL, which could be the new quality markers for the classification., Conclusion: Classification of the botanical origin of Amomum fruit based on LC-MS characteristic ions proved to be more advantageous. This study introduces new strategies and technical support for the quality control of Amomum fruit and facilitates the identification of unknown compounds for future research., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Herein, we report the first result of large scale and oxygen vacancy VO 2 porous thin sheets assembled by a 3D interconnected nanoflake array framework, which is recorded as VO d . The as-prepared VO d was characterized by various methods and Zn 2+ intercalation/deintercalation and structural decomposition mechanisms were proposed based on ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Purpose: Complex bone defects with a horizontal and vertical combined deficiency pose a clinical challenge in implant dentistry. This study reports the case of a young female patient who presented with a perforating bone defect in the aesthetic zone., Materials and Methods: Based on prosthetically guided bone regeneration, virtual 3D bone augmentation was planned. A 3D printed customised titanium mesh and the autogenous bone ring technique were then utilised simultaneously to achieve a customised bone contour. After 6 months, the titanium mesh was removed and connective tissue grafting was performed. Finally, implants were placed and the provisional and definitive prostheses were delivered following a digital approach. Vertical and horizontal bone gain, new bone density, pseudo-periosteum type and marginal bone loss were measured. Planned bone volume, regenerated bone volume and regeneration rate were analysed., Results: Staged tooth shortening led to a coronal increase in keratinised mucosa. The customised titanium mesh and bone ring technique yielded 14.27 mm vertical bone gain and 12.9 mm horizontal bone gain in the perforating area. When the titanium mesh was removed, the reopening surgery showed a Type 1 pseudo-periosteum (none or < 1 mm), and CBCT scans revealed a new bone density of ~550 HU. With a planned bone volume of 1063.55 mm3, the regenerated bone volume was 969.29 mm3, indicating a regeneration rate of 91.14%. The 1-year follow-up after definitive restoration revealed no complications except for 0.55 to 0.60 mm marginal bone loss., Conclusion: Combined application of customised titanium mesh and an autogenous bone ring block shows promising potential to achieve prosthetically guided bone regeneration for complex bone defects in the aesthetic zone.

Hierarchical α -MnO 2 nanowires with oxygen vacancies grown on carbon fiber have been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method with the assistance of Ti 4+ ions. Ti 4+ ions play an important role in controlling the morphology and crystalline structure of MnO 2 . The morphology and structure of the as-synthesized MnO 2 could be tuned from δ -MnO 2 nanosheets to hierarchical α -MnO 2 nanowires with the help of Ti 4+ ions. Based on its fascinating properties, such as many oxygen vacancies, high specific surface area and the interconnected porous structure, the α -MnO 2 electrode delivers a high specific capacitance of 472 F g -1 at a current density of 1 A g -1 and the rate capability of 57.6% (from 1 to 16 A g -1 ). The assembled symmetric supercapacitor based on α -MnO 2 electrode exhibits remarkable performance with a high energy density of 44.5 Wh kg -1 at a power density of 2.0 kW kg -1 and good cyclic stability (92.6% after 10 000 cycles). This work will provide a reference for exploring and designing high-performance MnO 2 materials., (© 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd.)