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Background: Former professional collision sport (CS) athletes, particularly American football players, are at risk of developing chronic health conditions; however, little is known about the health outcomes of amateur athletes. Methods: A 60-item health survey examined self-reported symptoms and diagnoses among former Division 1 Collegiate CS athletes and non- or limited-contact sport (non-CS) athletes. Binary logistic regressions tested the association between playing CS and health outcomes. Results: Five hundred and two (6.2%) participants completed the survey: 160 CS athletes (mean age: 59.2, SD = 16.0) and 303 non-CS athletes (mean age: 54.0, SD = 16.9). CS athletes had increased odds of reported cognitive complaints and neuropsychiatric symptoms including memory (Padj < 0.01), attention/concentration (Padj = 0.01), problem solving/multi-tasking (Padj = 0.05), language (Padj = 0.02), anxiety (Padj = 0.04), impulsivity (Padj = 0.02), short-fuse/rage/explosivity (Padj < 0.001), and violence/aggression (Padj = 0.02). CS athletes also reported higher rates of sleep apnea (Padj = 0.02). There were no group differences in cardiovascular and physical health outcomes. Conclusions: Former CS athletes reported more cognitive and neuropsychiatric complaints. The low response rate is a limitation of this study; however, over 500,000 athletes play college sports each year, thus research on long-term health outcomes in this population is critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is frequently overlooked in polytrauma patients due to the overshadowing of more severe injuries, a fact that makes its identification in post-acute settings challenging since symptoms overlap with other conditions and no validated diagnostic tools exist. To address this gap, this scoping review explored the literature on mTBI diagnosis in post-acute civilian polytrauma settings.By utilizing the Arksey and O’Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, the review focused on studies from 2010 to 2024 related to delayed mTBI diagnosis in adults. Of the 696 studies identified, only six met the inclusion criteria, highlighting the limited research in this area.The review assessed various diagnostic tools including the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ), neuropsychological tests, advanced imaging, and oculomotor assessments. However, these tools are limited in their ability to confirm whether an mTBI has occurred. The American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine’s updated mTBI criteria may offer the best diagnostic potential but require validation.According to the findings, there is a significant gap in validated diagnostic tools for mTBI in post-acute settings, which may negatively affect patient outcomes. Developing and validating effective screening tools for mTBI in the post-acute polytrauma setting should be the priority of future research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to describe circumstances, management and short‐term outcomes of neonatal head trauma, and adherence to the Paediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) head trauma prediction rule for children under 2 years. Methods: Multicentre retrospective cohort study of neonates (<29 days) with head trauma across 25 emergency departments (ED) from January 2017 to June 2021. Results: A total of 492 neonates (median age 17 days, range 0–28 days) with non‐trivial head trauma were enrolled. Falls were the most common injury mechanism (375/492, 76.2%). Imaging was performed in 150/492 (30.5%) neonates. Clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI), defined as death, neurosurgery, prolonged intubation, or extended hospitalisation from injury, occurred in 7/492 (1.4%) cases. Notably, 286/492 (58.1%) neonates were managed by short‐term observation (<48 h), and 126/492 (25.6%) were admitted. Among high‐risk neonates per PECARN criteria, 17/21 (80.9%) did not undergo recommended head CT scans but were observed within ED short observation units or underwent alternative imaging, with no ciTBI diagnoses among those discharged without CT. Conclusion: Severe neonatal head injuries are rare, and most neonatal head injuries have a favourable outcome, making observation a suitable approach, while remaining vigilant for signs of non‐accidental injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subconcussive impacts are very common in the sports world and can have many negative impacts on human function, including increased risk for cognitive decline and behavioral impairments such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The purpose of this article is to analyze the available literature on the effects of jugular vein compression applied by a cervical collar on cerebral structure and function in the setting of chronic impact exposure. This narrative review analyzed 17 articles on brain structure and function, published between 1992 and 2022. Our review of the 17 studies shows an overall neuroprotective effect of the external jugular vein compression applied by the cervical collar during insult to the head as compared to groups who did not wear a collar. These findings suggest a potential role of the cervical collar, in addition to helmets, in reducing the incidence of concussion-induced microtraumas and cascading secondary injury mechanisms. Though positive results are consistent throughout the studies, future studies with increased sample sizes are necessary to create precise estimates of the effects of the cervical collar. In addition, the analyzed studies mainly looked at the effects of the cervical collar on football players, soccer players, and Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) team members; thus, additional rigorous studies are needed to assess the impact of the cervical collar on other high-risk populations such as military and law-enforcement personnel, among others., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2025, Brieck et al.)

Objectives: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of infants and young children with basal ganglia infarction after minor head trauma (BGIMHT)., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and follow-up results of children aged 28 days to 3 years with BGIMHT who were hospitalized at Children's Hospital of Soochow University from January 2011 to January 2022., Results: A total of 45 cases of BGIMHT were included, with the most common symptom being limb movement disorders (96%, 43/45), followed by facioplegia (56%, 25/45). Cerebral imaging showed that 72% (31/43) had infarction accompanied by basal ganglia calcification. After conservative treatment, 42 children (93%) showed significant symptom improvement, while 3 children (7%) experienced recurrent strokes. The median follow-up time was 82 months (range: 17-141 months). At the last follow-up, 97% (29/30) had residual basal ganglia softening lesions. Among 29 cases participating in questionnaire follow-up, 66% (19/29) recovered normally, 17% (5/29) showed significant improvement in symptoms, and 17% (5/29) had poor improvement. According to the grading of the Global Burden of Disease Control Projects, only 1 child (3%) had severe sequelae. There were no significant differences in age at onset, gender, or presence of concomitant basal ganglia calcification between children with and without neurological sequelae ( P >0.05)., Conclusions: The most common initial symptom of BGIMHT is limb movement disorder, and imaging results indicate that most children have concurrent intracranial calcifications. Most infarct lesions later transform into softening lesions, resulting in a generally good prognosis.

Background: : With more than 60 million new cases around the world each year, traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes substantial mortality and morbidity. Managing TBI is a major human, social, and economic concern. In the last 20 years, there has been an increase in clinical trials in neurocritical care, leading mostly to negative results. The evaluation of neurological outcomes, predominantly as primary outcomes, using clinical scales (Glasgow Outcome Scale) has limitations that could explain these results. Moreover, patient-centered outcomes are seldom reported despite their recognized clinical relevance., Objective: : The aim of this project is to establish a core outcome set (COS) for patients with moderate-to-severe TBI in randomized control trials in neurocritical care research., Methods: This study will follow five distinct steps: (1) systematic review to identify outcomes that have been reported in trials; (2) semistructured interviews with patients and their families to identify their priorities after TBI and explore potential patient-centered outcomes; (3) health care stakeholder focus groups with clinicians, researchers, and policy makers to describe potential outcomes; (4) an eDelphi survey with stakeholder groups to make a list of previously identified core outcomes; and (5) a consensus workshop to establish a COS for moderate-to-severe TBI clinical trials., Results: : The systematic review was published in August 2024. Regarding Step 2, 30 semistructured interviews of patients and relatives were performed from July 2021 to December 2023, and analyses were completed in October 2024. Step 3 is currently under development, and Step 4 is planned for the end of 2025. Step 5 is expected to occur during fall/winter 2026. Conclusions: Establishing a COS, to be consistently measured and reported in TBI trials in neurocritical care will ensure rigorous reporting, avoid bias, and improve the integrity, transparency, and usability of clinical research. The French context of the study is the main limitation, but we are seeking international collaboration on the project. The results of each step of the project will be disseminated through abstracts, publications, and patient associations., Conclusions: Establishing a COS, to be consistently measured and reported in TBI trials in neurocritical care will ensure rigorous reporting, avoid bias, and improve the integrity, transparency, and usability of clinical research. The French context of the study is the main limitation, but we are seeking international collaboration on the project. The results of each step of the project will be disseminated through abstracts, publications, and patient associations., International Registered Report Identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/54525., (©Raphael Cinotti, Yvan Derouin, Amandine Chenet, Lydia Oujamaa, Bertrand Glize, Yoann Launey, Claire Dahyot-Fizelier, Emmanuelle Cartron, Melodie Renvoise, Benedicte Sautenet, Veronique Sebille. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (https://www.researchprotocols.org), 09.01.2025.)

Objective: Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant public health concern and source of resource utilization. The aim of this study was to establish the ability of the previously published pediatric Brain Injury Guidelines (pBIG) to identify patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) who might not require routine repeat neuroimaging, neurosurgical consultation, or hospital admission in a large level I and level II trauma cohort., Methods: Pediatric patients who presented with traumatic ICH between 2018 and 2022 at the included institutions were retrospectively reviewed and sorted into pBIG categories using clinical and radiographic criteria. Nonaccidental trauma was excluded. Repeat neuroimaging and results, neurosurgical intervention, length of stay (LOS), and 30-day mortality and re-presentation to healthcare were collected as outcomes., Results: A cohort of 955 patients (median age 7.0 years, with 64.5% of patients being male) were included. Overall, 9.7% of patients had pBIG 1 injuries, 30.0% had pBIG 2 injuries, and 60.2% had pBIG 3 injuries. A total of 368 (38.5%) of patients underwent repeat neuroimaging, of whom 144 (39.1%) showed progression of hemorrhage. Neurosurgical intervention was performed in 129 (13.5%) patients, with 127 (98.4%) of them meeting pBIG 3 criteria on arrival. The two remaining patients met pBIG 2 criteria on arrival and then progressed to meet pBIG 3 criteria within 24 hours. Patient meeting pBIG 3 criteria were significantly more likely to have progression on repeat imaging, require neurosurgical intervention, and experience 30-day mortality (p < 0.001). Within the pBIG 3 cohort, there was not a significant relationship between progression on repeat imaging and the need for intervention (p = 0.61). Post hoc pairwise testing of individual radiographic pBIG groupings revealed pBIG 3 criteria for all categories except subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) to be predictive of need for neurosurgical intervention (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: Algorithmic management of mild TBI is beneficial to patient care. With zero and near-zero rates of neurosurgical intervention and mortality in patients with pBIG 1 and pBIG 2 injuries, respectively, the pBIG are valid in stratifying a larger and broader population of pediatric TBI patients. In contrast to other pBIG 3-defined compartment ICHs, "scattered" SAH does not correlate with need for neurosurgical intervention. However, these guidelines have the ability to safely improve care and decrease unnecessary resource utilization without negatively affecting patient outcomes. Utilization of guidelines of any sort are not intended to supersede clinical judgment. Prospective studies are needed.