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High‐performance light‐emitting/detecting bifunctional optoelectronic devices based on halide perovskites are hindered by the less efficient carrier transport and radiative recombination processes. The density of defects (i.e., surface and bulk defects) is the main factor affecting carrier transport, radiation recombination, and determining performance in perovskites. Therefore, techniques to effectively regulate defects are highly needed. Here, a convenient and effective strategy, electrical doping, is proposed to flexibly regulate defect density, resulting in dramatically enhanced light‐emitting (i.e., fluorescence and carrier lifetime) and light‐detecting performance (i.e., hole mobility, photo‐responsivity, and photo‐detectivity) simultaneously. An improved carrier transport model in CH3NH3PbBr3 (MPB) single‐crystal thin‐film (SCTF) is proposed to elucidate the regulation mechanism of defects and carrier transport under electrical doping. These results show that the surface defect density can be effectively reduced by 47.49% under optimal electrical poling intensity (0.168 V µm−1), and photoluminescence intensity and carrier lifetime can be increased by 259% and 89.98%, respectively. Furthermore, planar MPB SCTF photodetector exhibits hole mobility increased by 14.97%, photo‐responsivity increased by 82.78%, and photo‐detectivity increased by 868% at 0.168 V µm−1. Particularly, a record photo‐detectivity of 3.53 × 1013 Jones is achieved under electrical doping. This study provides guidance for flexibly adjusting defect density and optimizing perovskite SCTFs light‐emitting/detecting bifunctional devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple‐cation mixed‐halide (TCMH), i.e., (FAPbI3)1‐x‐y(MAPbBr3)y(CsPbI3)x, perovskite single‐crystal thin‐films (SCTFs) have emerged as candidates for high‐performance photodetectors. However, high lattice strain, surface defects, and the non‐ideal yellow phase such as δ‐FAPbI3 and δ‐CsPbI3, are impeding the realization of high‐quality TCMH SCTFs. Therefore, the synthesis of pure‐phase, high‐quality TCMH SCTFs with low lattice strain and defect density is imperative for enhancing light absorption and carrier mobility, thereby optimizing photoresponsivity. Herein, an innovative approach is proposed for synthesize TCMH SCTFs using an optimized space‐limited anti‐solvent assisted crystallization technique which employs 2‐methoxyethanol as the solvent and diethyl ether as anti‐solvent, devoid of thermal enhancement. A novel reducing additive, formic acid, is incorporated to mitigate phase separation, and the composition ratio is meticulously adjusted to regulate lattice strain. The results show that a pure‐phased optimal composition ratio (FA0.82MA0.11Cs0.07) SCTF with a low surface defect density (2.29 × 109 cm−2), low lattice strain (0.81%) and high hole mobility (77.58 cm−2 V−1 s−1) is successfully prepared. Moreover, the non‐integrated planar FA0.82MA0.11Cs0.07 SCTF photodetector also achieved a record photo‐responsivity (229.5 A W−1), and external quantum efficiency (5.4 × 104%), indicating its great potential in light‐detecting. This research paves the way for the development of high‐performance photodetectors via adjusting lattice strain and mitigating surface defects in TCMH SCTFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research in the world-society tradition associates improvements in nation-level environmental outcomes with greater civil society integration. However, research in the world-systems tradition indicates these improvements depend on a nation's position in the global political-economic hierarchy. To test whether these patterns are present at the organizational level, I estimate a multilevel model using corporate emissions data from the Carbon Disclosure Project and include interactions between world-system position and three measures of civil society integration: number of NGOs, proportion of corporations with climate-management incentives, and number of corporate UN Global Compact signatories. I find that the relationship between civil society pressure and corporate emissions varies with a nation's position in the world-system. The NGO measure is associated with greater emissions in non-core nations, possibly due to means–ends decoupling or corporate greenwashing. The climate-incentives measure is associated with less corporate-level emissions in the core and more emissions in non-core nations, possibly due to successful regulation in the core leading to ecologically unequal exchange. I argue that reducing corporate emissions requires accounting for increasingly complicated macro-sociological contexts, as corporations are pressured by and incorporated into world society and participate in patterns of unequal exchange in the world-system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are serious questions about the viability of economic growth for achieving development goals aimed at improving social and environmental outcomes. Research suggests that structural change away from the growth model is needed to reduce climate-change-causing emissions, decrease the overconsumption of environmental resources, and address inequalities in human well-being. An alternative approach is working-time reduction. Proponents present it as a multi-dividend sustainable-development policy that can improve both environmental and social outcomes. We test this proposition using two indicators, carbon intensity of well-being (CIWB) and ecological intensity of well-being (EIWB). We estimate longitudinal regression models with data from 34 high-income OECD countries from 1970 to 2019. We find that longer working hours are positively associated with higher CIWB and EIWB, suggesting that shorter working hours would decrease CIWB and EIWB, a desirable outcome in terms of sustainability. These results provide direct support for the idea that working-time reduction could improve both social and environmental outcomes simultaneously. These results have important practical and theoretical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the concept of pipeline intelligence, or smart pipelines, has emerged as a promising approach to address various pipeline transmission issues. Intelligent control system requires the variation and thickness of wax deposition inside the crude oil transmission pipeline to make decisions to minimize wax deposition. This study aimed to investigate wax deposition in both polyethylene (PE) and stainless steel (SS) pipes under different water contents, utilizing a custom-designed flow loop apparatus. It was found that the wax-deposit thickness on the surface of the PE test section was thicker (water content lower than 50 vol. %) and then thinner (water content higher than 50 vol. %) than that on the surface of the SS test section. The radial diffusivity and wax mass flux were calculated and proved to be responsible for the behavior variation of wax deposition. The contact angles of oil and water on the PE surface were both larger than those on the SS surface. Experimental investigation was conducted to determine the phase inversion point of oil and water emulsions, which was found to be around 50 vol.%. The results indicated that when water was the bulk phase, greater water adherence to the steel pipe wall resulted in reduced wax deposition on the SS test section. As a result, distinct deposition behaviors were observed both before and after the phase inversion point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

College students are a unique population occupying a distinct life-course and transition period between adolescence and adulthood. Although not monolithic in experiences, knowledge, and demographics, this diverse population is particularly susceptible to immediate, short-term, mid-term, and long-term disaster impacts. Recently, disaster research focusing on college students has rightly focused on the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Although the pandemic was a public health disaster interrupting social, developmental, and educational processes for students on a global scale, the climate crisis and related environmental disasters continuously threaten college students' individual development, health, and well-being. Thus, it is critical to understand current knowledge focusing on environmental disasters and college students in order to determine future research needs. This article used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach to examine research on college students and disasters over the past ten years (2014–2023). We identified 67 articles, which we analyzed through a mixed methods approach, including descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results indicate that disaster impacts on college students are an understudied topic in the social sciences, especially in an era of more-frequent and -intense environmental hazards. Our findings demonstrate a need to engage college students in disaster research worldwide so that trade schools, colleges, and universities can collaborate with policymakers to build this unique and disproportionately impacted population's capacity to mitigate against, respond to, and recover from environmental hazards in an ever-changing climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]