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ABSTRACTThis paper takes point of departure in ongoing research into exclusionary design. Through design interventions such as leaning benches, steel spikes, water sprinklers, and barbed wire socially vulnerable and homeless people are kept from occupying and staying in public spaces in the cities around the world. Such exclusion by design contributes to “atmospheres of rejection” and affords new patterns of human mobility in the city. As the leaning (or otherwise modified) bench is one of the most predominant dark design interventions, this paper will single out the bench as one exemplary artefact to be explored. The bench carries both symbolic meaning, as well as it is a material artefact affording rest and occupancy. The design of benches and the positioning (or removal) of them are micro-installations that together with other urban furniture, makes-up the urban spaces as sites of congregation, exchange, and experience. The paper explores the bench on a background of three key terms: affordance, atmosphere, and material interpellation. The paper then turns to art practices in public spaces and illustrate how the socio-cultural significance of benches has been made visible by art interventions such as the “socially modified” benches by the artist Jeppe Hein. In the conclusion the paper draws out lines of enquiry for further research.

Dactylis glomerataL., orchardgrass or cocksfoot, is frequently planted as a companion crop in perennial forage legumes such as alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.). However, many commercial orchardgrass cultivars flower earlier than legumes, resulting in a reduction in grass yield and nutritional value if harvested to maximize the legume. Additionally, during orchardgrass seed production over years, later flowering can gradually shift to earlier flowering. In this study, we employed parental selection based on half‐sib family (HS‐family) trait values for dry matter yield (DMY) and heading date (HD), and augmented it with marker‐assisted selection to enrich for late‐heading‐associated alleles in six vernalization and flowering time candidate genes. The parent population resulted from polycrossing three late‐heading orchardgrass germplasm sources and evaluating 94 HS‐families. HDs differed by years and locations for both the parent and HS‐family populations. Of the 313 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified within the candidate genes, 16 were associated with HD with a range of effects from 0.48 to 3.37 days to heading. An SNP detected across multiple years and locations in this study was also found in a previous study, within the intron of the Constans 1 gene (DgCO1). DMY was not highly significant in this study, highlighting a large environmental effect alongside lower variation across the HS‐families. However, parental plants fixed for the SNP within DgCO1 showed a trend to later heading as well as higher DMY. Molecular markers from CO1 and VRN1 genes were associated with late heading in orchardgrass.Autotetraploid allele dosages were tested and modeled for association analysis.The variety Toyomidori and PI538922 were valuable parents for producing late‐heading and high‐yielding progeny.

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses pedestrianism within the contemporary city. We do so by referring to two empirical studies of walking in the City of Aalborg, Denmark. The approach is a mix of qualitative and quantitative empirical documentation, focusing on what we term the “willingness to walk”. Exploring what motivates pedestrians and how car-drivers consider modal shifts to walking, we argue, may be seen as discussion of willingness to walk. This may not be simply understood as instrumental acts of moving from A to B but rather as existentialist expressions of “floating life”. To walk under the theoretical auspices of floating life means to be attentive to the mundane, embodied, and multi-sensorial qualities of moving physically by foot in the city. In the paper, we explore pedestrian practices in light of particular routes in the city, as well as in relation to the placement of parking garages in the city’s mobility network. The purpose is to discuss how to approach and balance the development of car-free city centers within the conceptual idea of walking lines, framed as diagonals. From the data, we find that the willingness to walk from the car park to the main destination is on average 416 meters. Moreover, our data indicates that people are willing to walk 1.5 times the average distance if parking is appreciably cheaper and a free spot seems guaranteed.

Protein identification and quantification is an important tool for biomarker discovery. With the increased sensitivity and speed of modern mass spectrometers, sample preparation remains a bottleneck for studying large cohorts. To address this issue, we prepared and evaluated a simple and efficient workflow on the Opentrons OT-2 robot that combines sample digestion, cleanup, and loading on Evotips in a fully automated manner, allowing the processing of up to 192 samples in 6 h. Analysis of 192 automated HeLa cell sample preparations consistently identified ∼8000 protein groups and ∼130,000 peptide precursors with an 11.5 min active liquid chromatography gradient with the Evosep One and narrow-window data-independent acquisition (nDIA) with the Orbitrap Astral mass spectrometer providing a throughput of 100 samples per day. Our results demonstrate a highly sensitive workflow yielding both reproducibility and stability at low sample inputs. The workflow is optimized for minimal sample starting amount to reduce the costs for reagents needed for sample preparation, which is critical when analyzing large biological cohorts. Building on the digesting workflow, we incorporated an automated phosphopeptide enrichment step using magnetic titanium-immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography beads. This allows for a fully automated proteome and phosphoproteome sample preparation in a single step with high sensitivity. Using the integrated digestion and Evotip loading workflow, we evaluated the effects of cancer immune therapy on the plasma proteome in metastatic melanoma patients.

Part I of this two-part article on the history of the teaching of qualitative analysis to undergraduate chemistry majors covers the origins of the course, its theoretical rationale, the impact of spot analysis and tailored organic reagents, and its transformation from a macro scheme to a semi-micro scheme.

Part II of this two-part article on the history of the teaching of qualitative analysis covers the hydrogen sulfide problem, the debates over why and how qualitative analysis should be taught to undergraduate chemistry majors, and comments on its eventual demise. It also contains the references for both parts.