28 results on '"Johnson, Jay"'
Search Results
2. Genetic parameters for novel climatic resilience indicators derived from automatically-recorded vaginal temperature in lactating sows under heat stress conditions
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Wen, Hui, primary, Johnson, Jay S., additional, Gloria, Leonardo S., additional, Araujo, Andre C., additional, Maskal, Jacob M., additional, Hartman, Sharlene Olivette, additional, de Carvalho, Felipe E., additional, Rocha, Artur Oliveira, additional, Huang, Yijian, additional, Tiezzi, Francesco, additional, Maltecca, Christian, additional, Schinckel, Allan P., additional, and Brito, Luiz F., additional
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- 2024
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3. Genomic regions, candidate genes, and pleiotropic variants associated with physiological and anatomical indicators of heat stress response in lactating sows
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de Oliveira, Letícia Fernanda, primary, Veroneze, Renata, additional, Sousa, Katiene Régia Silva, additional, Mulim, Henrique A., additional, Araujo, André Campelo, additional, Huang, Yijian, additional, Johnson, Jay S., additional, and Brito, Luiz F., additional
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- 2024
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4. Is the medium the message? Exploring the intersection of social media and collective action in the San José Bike Party.
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Johnson, Jay, Masucci, Matthew, Chin, Jessica, and Signer Kroeker, Mary Anne
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SOCIAL media ,COLLECTIVE action ,SEMI-structured interviews ,CRITICAL analysis ,SOCIAL networks - Abstract
The San José Bike Party (SJBP) is a diverse collective of cyclists gathering for monthly group rides around the urban centre of San José, California. By leveraging social networking platforms, the SJBP announces a route and theme just prior to the ride each month. We argue that organizing, producing, and participating in these rides constitute a political act which can help to promote civic engagement and collective action. Further, we explored the way in which collective action can be fostered via social media. Through analysis of semi-structured individual interviews, focus-group interviews, moving methodologies and field observations derived from researcher participation in SJBP events, we articulate the complexities of contested and negotiated meanings of the use of technology, social media and activism assigned to the event by participants, yielding these themes: Critical Analysis of Social Media's Influence, Political Expressions in the SJBP and Prefigurative Politics in the SJBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Alfvén Waves at the Interface of Solar Wind and Magnetosphere
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Kim, Eun‐Hwa, primary, Johnson, Jay R., additional, and Damiano, Peter A., additional
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- 2024
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6. An Overview of Cyber-Resilient Smart Inverters Based on Practical Attack Models
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Ahn, BoHyun, primary, Kim, Taesic, additional, Ahmad, Seerin, additional, Mazumder, Sudip Kumar, additional, Johnson, Jay, additional, Mantooth, H. Alan, additional, and Farnell, Chris, additional
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- 2024
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7. Improving the Sensitivity of Protein Quantification by Immunoaffinity Liquid Chromatography─Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry Using an Iterative Transition Summing Technique
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Johnson, Jay S., Palandra, Joe, Psychogios, Nikolaos, Walsh, Jason M., and Neubert, Hendrik
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The desire to reach ever-diminishing lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) to probe changes in low abundance protein targets has led to enormous progress in sample preparation and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) instrumentation. To maximize signal and reduce noise, many approaches have been employed, including specific immunoaffinity (IA) enrichment and reducing the LC flow to the nanoflow (nLC) level; however, additional sensitivity gains may still be required. Recently, a technique termed “echo summing” has been described for small-molecular-weight analytes on a triple quadrupole (QqQ) MS where multiple iterations of the same, single selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transition are collected, summed, and integrated, yielding significant analyte dependent signal-to-noise (S/N) improvements. Herein, the direct applicability of echo summing to protein quantification by sequential IA combined with nLC-MS/MS (IA-nLC-MS/MS) is described for a beta nerve growth factor (NGF) and a soluble asialoglycoprotein receptor (sASGPR) assay from human serum. Five iterations of echo summing outperformed traditional collection in relative average accuracy (−1.5 ± 7.7 vs −41.7 ± 10.7% bias) and precision (7.8 vs 18.4% coefficient of variation (CV)) of the low-end quality control (QC) sample (N= 4) for NGF and improved functional sensitivity of serially diluted serum QC samples (N= 5 each population) approximately 2-fold (1.96 and 2.00-fold) for two peptides of sASGPR. Echo summing also extended the minimum quantifiable QC level for sASGPR 4-fold lower. Similar gains are believed to be achievable for most protein IA-nLC-MS/MS assays.
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- 2024
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8. Large-Scale Phenotyping of Livestock Welfare in Commercial Production Systems: A New Frontier in Animal Breeding.
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Brito, Luiz F., Oliveira, Hinayah R., McConn, Betty R., Schinckel, Allan P., Arrazola, Aitor, Marchant-Forde, Jeremy N., and Johnson, Jay S.
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ANIMAL breeding ,ANIMAL breeds ,ANIMAL welfare ,MOLECULAR biology ,LIVESTOCK breeding ,LIVESTOCK breeds ,LIVESTOCK - Abstract
Genomic breeding programs have been paramount in improving the rates of genetic progress of productive efficiency traits in livestock. Such improvement has been accompanied by the intensification of production systems, use of a wider range of precision technologies in routine management practices, and high-throughput phenotyping. Simultaneously, a greater public awareness of animal welfare has influenced livestock producers to place more emphasis on welfare relative to production traits. Therefore, management practices and breeding technologies in livestock have been developed in recent years to enhance animal welfare. In particular, genomic selection can be used to improve livestock social behavior, resilience to disease and other stress factors, and ease habituation to production system changes. The main requirements for including novel behavioral and welfare traits in genomic breeding schemes are: (1) to identify traits that represent the biological mechanisms of the industry breeding goals; (2) the availability of individual phenotypic records measured on a large number of animals (ideally with genomic information); (3) the derived traits are heritable, biologically meaningful, repeatable, and (ideally) not highly correlated with other traits already included in the selection indexes; and (4) genomic information is available for a large number of individuals (or genetically close individuals) with phenotypic records. In this review, we (1) describe a potential route for development of novel welfare indicator traits (using ideal phenotypes) for both genetic and genomic selection schemes; (2) summarize key indicator variables of livestock behavior and welfare, including a detailed assessment of thermal stress in livestock; (3) describe the primary statistical and bioinformatic methods available for large-scale data analyses of animal welfare; and (4) identify major advancements, challenges, and opportunities to generate high-throughput and large-scale datasets to enable genetic and genomic selection for improved welfare in livestock. A wide variety of novel welfare indicator traits can be derived from information captured by modern technology such as sensors, automatic feeding systems, milking robots, activity monitors, video cameras, and indirect biomarkers at the cellular and physiological levels. The development of novel traits coupled with genomic selection schemes for improved welfare in livestock can be feasible and optimized based on recently developed (or developing) technologies. Efficient implementation of genetic and genomic selection for improved animal welfare also requires the integration of a multitude of scientific fields such as cell and molecular biology, neuroscience, immunology, stress physiology, computer science, engineering, quantitative genomics, and bioinformatics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Genomic predictions and GWAS for heat tolerance in pigs based on reaction norm models with performance records and data from public weather stations considering alternative temperature thresholds.
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Freitas, Pedro Henrique F., Johnson, Jay S., Tiezzi, Francesco, Huang, Yijian, Schinckel, Allan P., and Brito, Luiz F.
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METEOROLOGICAL stations , *RACTOPAMINE , *GENOME-wide association studies , *SWINE , *DATA recorders & recording , *LIVESTOCK productivity , *PHENOTYPIC plasticity - Abstract
Genetic improvement of livestock productivity has resulted in greater production of metabolic heat and potentially greater susceptibility to heat stress. Various studies have demonstrated that there is genetic variability for heat tolerance and genetic selection for more heat tolerant individuals is possible. The rate of genetic progress tends to be greater when genomic information is incorporated into the analyses as more accurate breeding values can be obtained for young individuals. Therefore, this study aimed (1) to evaluate the predictive ability of genomic breeding values for heat tolerance based on routinely recorded traits, and (2) to investigate the genetic background of heat tolerance based on single‐step genome‐wide association studies for economically important traits related to body composition, growth and reproduction in Large White pigs. Pedigree information was available for 265,943 animals and genotypes for 8686 animals. The studied traits included ultrasound backfat thickness (BFT), ultrasound muscle depth (MDP), piglet weaning weight (WW), off‐test weight (OTW), interval between farrowing (IBF), total number of piglets born (TNB), number of piglets born alive (NBA), number of piglets born dead (NBD), number of piglets weaned (WN) and weaning‐to‐estrus interval (IWE). The number of phenotypic records ranged from 6059 (WN) to 172,984 (TNB). Single‐step genomic reaction norm predictions were used to calculate the genomic estimated breeding values for each individual. Predictions of breeding values for the validation population individuals were compared between datasets containing phenotypic records measured in the whole range of temperatures (WR) and datasets containing only phenotypic records measured when the weather station temperature was above 10°C (10C) or 15°C (15C), to evaluate the usefulness of these datasets that may better reflect the within‐barn temperature. The use of homogeneous or heterogeneous residual variance was found to be trait‐dependent, where homogeneous variance presented the best fit for MDP, BFT, OTW, TNB, NBA, WN and IBF, while the other traits (WW and IWE) had better fit with heterogeneous variance. The average prediction accuracy, dispersion and bias values considering all traits for WR were 0.36 ± 0.05, −0.07 ± 0.13 and 0.76 ± 0.10, respectively; for 10C were 0.39 ± 0.02, −0.05 ± 0.07 and 0.81 ± 0.05, respectively; and for 15C were 0.32 ± 0.05, −0.05 ± 0.11 and 0.84 ± 0.10, respectively. Based on the studied traits, using phenotypic records collected when the outside temperature (from public weather stations) was above 10°C provided better predictions for most of the traits. Forty‐three and 62 candidate genomic regions were associated with the intercept (overall performance level) and slope term (specific biological mechanisms related to environmental sensitivity), respectively. Our results contribute to improve genomic predictions using existing datasets and better understand the genetic background of heat tolerance in pigs. Furthermore, the genomic regions and candidate genes identified will contribute to future genomic studies and breeding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Electronic‐Free Traceable Smart Capsule for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Sampling
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Nejati, Sina, primary, Sarnaik, Devendra, additional, Gopalakrishnan, Sarath, additional, Kasi, Venkat, additional, Krishnakumar, Akshay, additional, Hyde, Samuel, additional, McCain, Robyn, additional, Park, Kinam, additional, Johnson, Jay S., additional, and Rahimi, Rahim, additional
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- 2024
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11. Intermittent Methionine Restriction Reduces Marrow Fat Accumulation and Preserves More Bone Mass than Continuous Methionine Restriction
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Johnson, Jay E., primary, Plummer, Jason D., additional, and Horowitz, Mark C., additional
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- 2024
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12. Chapter 32 - Power Grid Resilience
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Mazumder, Sudip K., Shadmand, Mohammad, Mantooth, H. Alan, Farnell, Chris, Baniahmed, Salam, Sarwat, Arif I., Tariq, Mohd, Govindrasu, Manimaran, Johnson, Jay, and Seo, Gab-Su
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- 2024
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13. Awardee Talk: Improving climatic resilience in pigs through genomics: From trait definition and genetic modeling to biological validation.
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Brito, Luiz F. and Johnson, Jay S.
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GENOTYPE-environment interaction , *GENETIC models , *BODY temperature , *BIOLOGICAL models , *SWINE , *SKIN temperature , *RESPIRATION - Abstract
Breeding programs have substantially improved productive and reproductive efficiency in worldwide swine populations. However, increased performance is often accompanied by reduced climatic resilience due to greater metabolic heat production. Genomic selection is an effective tool for alleviating the negative effects of heat stress, but it requires traits that effectively capture the physiological, behavioral, and morphological mechanisms regulating the heat stress response. In this presentation we will first describe the genetic background of heat tolerance based on routinely recorded phenotypes and climatic variables obtained from public-weather-station databases. There are clear genotype-by-environment interactions across environmental conditions and the definition of the critical periods for quantifying the environmental gradient directly impacts the accuracy of genomic prediction of breeding values for heat tolerance. Secondly, we will describe the genetic background of various behavioral, physiological, and morphological indicators of heat stress in maternal line pigs, including automatically recorded vaginal temperature, skin temperature measured in different body locations and times of the day, respiration rate, panting score, body condition score, hair cortisol, hair density, and ear area. We will also present recently developed indicators of climatic resilience based on variability metrics of longitudinal measurements of automatically recorded body temperature in lactating sows. These traits are heritable and can be successfully included in genomic breeding programs. Furthermore, we will discuss the transgenerational effects of heat stress in maternal-line pigs from quantitative and molecular perspectives, including an epigenomic analyses of in utero heat stress that identified over 200 genomic regions that are differentially methylated in in utero heat stressed pigs and provide results from a comprehensive biological validation study based on in-depth phenotyping of genetically divergent animals. We will also discuss key challenges and opportunities for breeding for improved climatic resilience in pigs. In summary, we will: 1) provide a comprehensive description of the environmental-gradient variables and critical periods fitted in genomic evaluations of heat tolerance; 2) describe the genetic background of various indicators of heat tolerance and climatic resilience; 3) present the accuracies of genomic predictions for each indicator trait; 5) describe key results from biological validation studies; and, 6) make recommendations for the implementation of genomic selection for improved heat tolerance in pigs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Contributors
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Abdullah, Norazlina, Abed, Nagy Y., Abolhassani, Mehdi, Abu-Rub, Haitham, Abu-Siada, Ahmed, Acero, J., Ahmad, Salman, Ali, Mohammad, Alonso, Jose Marcos, Añó-Villalba, S., Aredes, Maurício, Bal, Güngör, Baniahmed, Salam, Barbosa, Pedro G., Bayhan, Sertac, Bernal-Perez, S., Betz, Robert, Bilhan, Ayse Kocalmis, Blaabjerg, Frede, Blasco-Gimenez, R., Bryant, Angus, Busarello, Tiago Davi Curi, Canacsinh, Hiren, Cheok, Adrian, Chung, Henry Shu-Hung, da Silva Dias, Robson F., de A. Lima, Francisco Kleber, Dillard, William C., Dixon, Juan, Duffy, M.C., Eldali, Fathalla, Farnell, Chris, Gachovska, Tanya K., Giesselmann, Michael, Govindrasu, Manimaran, Hamidi, Seyed Ahmad, Hao, Lei, Hudgins, Jerry L., Hui, Shu Yuen (Ron), Hurley, W.G., Hussien, Zahrul F., Iqbal, Atif, Islam, Syed M., Johnson, Jay, Kabalci, Ersan, Khalid, Muhammad, Khan, M. Rizwan, Khersonsky, Yuri, Kouzou, Abdallah, Krein, Philip T., Krishna, B. Mohan, Kumar, N.B. Shanthi, Lai, Yuk M., Lima Barcelos, Silvangela L.S., Liu, Yunting, Madichetty, Sreedhar, Mantooth, H. Alan, Martínez-Turégano, J., Mazumder, Sudip K., Moinoddin, Shaikh, Morán, Luis, Mude, Kishore Naik, Nasiri, Adel, Niazi, Peyman, Ofoli, Abdul R., Öncü, Selim, Palmer, Patrick, Patterson, Dean, Peng, Kang, Pinto, Sónia F., Pomilio, José Antenor, Rahim, Azlan A., Rahman, Muhammed F., Rashid, Muhammad H., Redondo, Luis, Samanta, Eshan, Sangwongwanich, Ariya, Santi, Enrico, Sarwar, Adil, Sarwat, Arif I., Seo, Gab-Su, Shadmand, Mohammad, Shakweh, Yahya, Shi, Xiaojie, Silva, José Fernando, Simões, Marcelo Godoy, Sood, Vijay K., Tariq, Mohd, Tian, Bo, Tolbert, Leon M., Toliyat, Hamid A., Torres, Miguel, Trzynadlowski, Andrzej M., Ünal, Kenan, Vaquero, Joaquín, Vázquez, Jeziel, Vázquez, Nimrod, Wang, Huai, Watanabe, Edson H., Wilson, Peter R., Yang, Yongheng, and Yuvarajan, Subbaraya
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- 2024
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15. Gestational heat stress: Implications for pregnancy success and offspring development in swine.
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Johnson, Jay S. and Harrod Byrd, Mary Kate
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HEAT waves (Meteorology) , *MORPHOGENESIS , *GENITALIA , *FETAL development , *BODY temperature - Abstract
Gestating sows are particularly sensitive to heat stress due to their large mass and greater metabolic heat production associated with increased reproductive organ and fetal development. Unfortunately, the heat stress sensitivity of gestating sows has increased over the past decades due to genetic and genomic advances that have improved litter sizes and reproductive efficiency. When combined with the greater frequency and severity of heat waves and high temperatures, it is likely that reproductive issues associated with heat stress exposure will continue to be a concern for the swine industry. It is well understood that high temperatures pose a challenge to gestating sows and their developing offspring. Research from 50 to 60 yr ago demonstrated that heat exposure results in a decrease in viable embryos and an increase in embryonic mortality, particularly when gestating sows are subjected to heat stress in the first trimester. Additionally, late gestation heat stress exposure can increase the rate of stillborn piglets and reduce the total number of liveborn piglets. Although the reasons for these losses are multifactorial, the direct influence of maternal body temperature and total stress load on the intrauterine environment can play a significant role during these critical stages. For offspring that survive to birth, prospects for a healthy, productive, and stress-free life are at risk due to the long-lasting effects of in utero heat stress, which include greater postnatal stress sensitivity and decreased productivity. Therefore, understanding and mitigating gestational heat stress in pigs is of great importance to ensure the sustainability and profitability of swine production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Genomic selection for heat stress resilience in pigs: Advancements, applications, and challenges.
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Johnson, Jay S. and Brito, Luiz F.
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ANIMAL welfare , *ANIMAL breeding , *ANIMAL breeds , *FOOD security , *ECONOMIC impact - Abstract
Heat stress is a critical challenge to swine productivity and welfare that causes economic losses and endangers food security. As temperatures continue to increase in most pig producing regions, the effects of heat stress on pig production will become more apparent. The detrimental effects of postnatal heat stress on pig performance and welfare are well-defined. Furthermore, data on the effects of in utero heat stress in pigs describes lifelong production and welfare deficits that may be transgenerational. Despite its economic implications and transgenerational effects, heat stress mitigation strategies remain underexplored. Genomic selection offers a promising avenue for addressing swine heat stress, targeting resilient swine phenotypes to minimize adverse outcomes. However, challenges persist in integrating thermotolerance traits with traditional performance metrics, as improved thermotolerance is often unfavorably correlated with production traits. Therefore, effective selection strategies require balancing productive efficiency with climatic resilience and animal welfare breeding goals. As climate change continues to intensify the frequency and severity of heat stress, innovative approaches that prioritize resilience and adaptability are needed to safeguard swine productivity and welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Evaluating the interaction between divergent genomic selection for heat stress tolerance in the F1 generation and in utero heat stress on piglet growth performance following weaning and transport.
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Hernandez, Rick O., Brito, Luiz F., Byrd, MaryKate H., Musa, Jacob, Tiezzi, Francesco, Maltecca, Christian, and Johnson, Jay S.
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SOYBEAN as feed ,SOYBEAN meal ,PIGLETS ,ANIMAL weaning ,CORN meal - Abstract
In utero heat stress (IUHS) has long-term negative-effects on pigs during postnatal life. Specifically, IUHS pigs display greater stress responses following weaning and transport and have reduced growth performance among other issues. Although efforts have been made to mitigate IUHS through management and nutrition, the use of genomic selection to improve heat stress tolerance (TOL) in gestating sows and reduce the impacts of IUHS on developing offspring has not been extensively studied. Therefore, the study objective was to determine whether genomic selection for TOL or heat stress sensitivity (SEN) in F1 gilts would impact the postnatal growth performance of IUHS piglets following weaning and transport. We hypothesized that IUHS piglets derived from TOL gilts would have improved growth performance relative to IUHS piglets derived from SEN gilts, but that overall, IUHS piglets would have reduced growth performance when compared with IUTN piglets following weaning and transport. Twenty-eight TOL (n = 15) and SEN (n = 13) pregnant gilts were exposed to either thermoneutral (TN; 17 to 20ºC; n = 7 TOL and 6 SEN) or heat stress (HS; cycling 26 to 36ºC; n = 8 TOL and 7 SEN) conditions from d 6 to 70 of gestation, and then all gilts were exposed to TN conditions until farrowing. At weaning, mixed sex piglets were selected from each litter resulting in the following treatment combinations: TOL+ in utero thermoneutral (IUTN; n = 60), TOL+IUHS (n = 60), SEN+IUTN (n = 59), and SEN+IUHS (n = 58). Piglets were then transported for 12 h to simulate commercial conditions and then group housed in 40 nursery pens (n = 6 pigs/pen) for 5 wk. All pigs were fed a standard nursery diet containing primarily corn and soybean meal and feed and water were provided ad libitum. Body weights (BW) and feed disappearance were measured on d 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 post-weaning and transport and used to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and Gain:Feed. Data were analyzed in R using a generalized linear mixed model with pen as the experimental unit for ADFI and Gain:Feed, and individual piglet was the experimental unit for BW and ADG. Overall, IUHS piglets had a reduction (P < 0.01) in ADG (6.3%), Gain:Feed (4.4%), and final BW (2.5%) when compared with IUTN piglets. Additionally, TOL piglets had an overall improvement (P < 0.01) in ADG (6.0%), ADFI (13.6%), and final BW (3.9%), but a decrease in Gain:Feed (5.8%) when compared with SEN piglets. No genomic by in utero treatment effects were observed with any comparison. In conclusion, IUHS had a negative impact and selection for TOL had a generally positive impact on postnatal growth performance, but genomic selection for TOL or SEN did not interact with IUHS or IUTN in the F1 generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Estimating the impact of genomic selection for thermotolerance and in utero heat stress on piglet body weight from birth to bacon.
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Sullivan, Caitlyn R., Brito, Luiz F., Schinckel, Allan P., Byrd, MaryKate H., Hernandez, Rick O., Diggs, Shelby L., Maltecca, Christian, Tiezzi, Francesco, and Johnson, Jay S.
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BIRTH weight ,BODY weight ,SOWS ,PIGLETS ,SWINE - Abstract
The maternal response to heat stress (HS) has detrimental effects on swine offspring in the form of in utero heat stress (IUHS). Long-term effects of IUHS include reduced postnatal growth performance and lean muscle deposition. As such, developing mitigation strategies that reduce IUHS is essential to maximize economic return. Therefore, the study objective was to investigate whether genomic selection for HS tolerance (TOL) or HS sensitivity (SEN) would impact the postnatal growth of IUHS and in utero thermoneutral (IUTN) pigs from birth to market. We hypothesized that the IUHS pigs born to TOL dams would have improved growth relative to IUHS pigs born to SEN dams, but overall, IUHS pigs would have reduced growth compared with IUTN pigs. Pregnant gilts (n = 15 TOL and 13 SEN) were exposed to thermoneutral (TN; 17-20ºC; n = 7 TOL and 6 SEN) or heat stress (HS; cycling 26 to 36ºC; n = 8 TOL and 7 SEN) conditions from d 6 to 70 of gestation, and then all gilts were exposed to TN conditions until farrowing. Thirtysix offspring (barrows) were selected to represent each possible treatment combination: TOL+IUTN (n = 9), TOL+IUHS (n = 9), SEN+IUTN (n = 9), and SEN+IUHS (n = 9). Barrows were group-housed and fed a corn-soybean based diet that was provided with water ad libitum. Body weight (BW) of all barrows was measured at d 1, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 84, 105, 126, 147, 168, and 189 of life to evaluate growth from birth (d 1) to market (d 189). Data were analyzed using the PROC GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with pig as the experimental unit and random effects being pen and litter. Body weights for each treatment group were fitted to a generalized Michaelis-Menten (GMM) function using the Nonlinear MIXED procedure of SAS with pig specific random effects for mature BW. On d 1, 126, and 168, IUHS pigs tended to have reduced BW (P < 0.10; 1.19 ± 0.07, 58.37 ± 4.94, 91.18 ± 7.26 kg, respectively) when compared with IUTN pigs (1.32 ± 0.07, 68.95 ± 4.94, 106.25 ± 7.26 kg, respectively). Overall, final BW was reduced (P = 0.04) for IUHS (111.08 ± 7.91 kg versus IUTN (128.79 ± 7.91 kg) pigs, and estimated days to a market weight of 125 kg tended to be greater (P = 0.06) for IUHS (219.8 ± 10.8 d) versus IUTN (188.1 ± 10.21 d) barrows. The GMM model predicted that IUHS+TOL and IUTN+TOL barrows had different shaped BW growth curves with decreased age to achieve one-half of their predicted mature BW than IUHS+SEN and IUTN+SEN barrows. In conclusion, IUHS resulted in reduced growth rates overall; however, TOL improved some aspects of growth [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. 22 Feeding the early gestating gilt during heat stress: Implications towards fetal viability, growth, and development
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Byrd, MaryKate, Stewart, Kara R, Pasternak, Jonathan A, and Johnson, Jay S
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Gestational heat stress (GHS) directly impacts litter development and viability and has long term negative postnatal effects on offspring. However, current data on the interactions between GHS, maternal feed energy partitioning, and fetal development measures in pigs are limited. Therefore, the study objective was to gain a greater understanding of how early GHS influences fetal development and viability and whether maternal feed energy partitioning has a role. Gestating gilts (n = 23) were exposed to thermoneutral (TN; n = 11; 18.5 ± 1.2°C) or heat stress (HS; n = 12; cyclic 26 to 38°C) conditions beginning on d 6.0 ± 0.9 of gestation to 33.0 ± 1.7. The HS treatments resulted in greater (P< 0.05) respiration rates and body temperature and HS gilts grew faster (P< 0.05; 0.5 ± 0.1 kg/d) than TN gilts (0.3 ± 0.1 kg/d) as previously reported. Pregnant gilts were individually housed and limit-fed a standard gestating gilt diet (1.82 kg/d; 4.39 Mcal NE intake/d). On gestation d 33 ± 1.7, gilts were harvested and reproductive tract weight, corpus luteum (CL) counts, and fetal weights and counts were recorded. Additionally, fetal images were taken with a digital camera to assess fetal length, width, crown rump length (CRL), and viability using Image J. Fetuses were considered nonviable if CRL was more than 2 standard deviations less than the mean litter CRL or had irregular anatomical traits. All data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX with either pregnant gilt as the experimental unit for litter-based measures or individual fetus as the experimental unit for fetal based measures. Gilt NE intake efficiency [average daily gain (ADG); NE intake) was greater for HS (P= 0.04; 0.11 ± 0.01) when compared with TN gilts (0.07 ± 0.01). No fetal ADG (P= 0.26; 0.12 ± 0.04 g/d) or fetal ADG; gilt NE intake differences (P= 0.26; 0.03 ± 0.01) were detected between treatments. Total fetuses per CL were decreased for HS gilts (P= 0.01; 0.72 ± 0.03 fetuses) when compared with TN gilts (0.85 ± 0.04 fetuses). Viable fetuses per CL were reduced for HS gilts (P= 0.05; 0.69 ± 0.01 fetuses) when compared with TN gilts (0.80 ± 0.04 fetuses). The difference between total CL count and total fetuses per gilt tended to be increased for HS (P= 0.08; 6 ± 1 fetus) versus TN gilts (4 ± 1 fetus). No other fetal differences were observed (P> 0.10). In conclusion, early GHS improved gilt growth performance and NE efficiency, but resulted in decreased fertilization rates and reduced fetal viability and had no impact on fetal growth and development.
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- 2024
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20. 96 Evaluating the impact of macroenvironment temperature on thermoregulatory and milk quality parameters in lactating sows and their litter
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Cecil, Mekenzie R, Neeno, Samantha M, Byrd, MaryKate, field, Tyler C C, Marchant, Jeremy N, Schinckel, Allan P, Richert, Brian T, Ni, Ji-Qin, III, Robert M M Stwalley, and Johnson, Jay S
- Abstract
Farrowing facility macroenvironment temperatures (TMacro) are often maintained at the upper end of the thermoneutral zone (24–25°C) of lactating sows, which may result in heat stress and reduced milk quality and quantity. Therefore, the study objective was to evaluate the impact of TMacroon thermoregulatory and milk quality parameters in lactating sows and their litters. In two repetitions, 37 lactating sows (parity = 3.1 ± 1.7) and their litters (d 1 litter size = 12.0 ± 1.0) were housed within 1 of 3 farrowing rooms set to different TMacro: LOW (n = 12 sows and litters; 15.0 ± 0.4°C), MID (n = 13 sows and litters; 19.3 ± 0.2°C), and HIGH (n = 12 sows and litters; 24.6 ± 0.8°C). Lactating sows and litters were monitored from d 3 of lactation until weaning (19.8 ± 0.9 d of age). All litters were provided with a 0.34 × 1.52 m heating pad. Sow respiration rates (RR, breaths per minute, BPM) were measured daily at 0800, 1200, 1600 and 2000 h by counting the number of flank movements. Vaginal temperature (TV) was measured in all sows at 10-min intervals using implanted data loggers. One sentinel piglet from each litter was implanted with a temperature recording bolus at d 2 of age to monitor core body temperature in 15-min intervals. Milk samples were collected from all sows on d 6, 12, and 18 of lactation and analyzed for true protein %, total solid %, and fat %. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX. The litter was considered the experimental unit for piglet measures, and the sow was considered the experimental unit for sow measures. Respiration rates were greater (P< 0.01) for HIGH (48 ± 2 bpm) sows versus MID (33 ± 2 BPM) and LOW (27 ± 2 bpm) sows, but no differences were detected between MID and LOW sows. A TMacrotreatment by lactation day effect was observed for TV(P= 0.02), where HOT sows had greater TVon lactation d 15 (+0.31°C), 18 (+0.43°C) and 19 (+0.34°C) versus MID and LOW sows. Piglet core body temperature was reduced (P< 0.01) in the HIGH (39.07 ± 0.06 °C) versus the MID (39.31 ± 0.06 °C) and LOW (39.33 ± 0.07 °C) treatment groups, but it was similar for MID and LOW litters. Fat % was reduced for COLD (6.15 ± 0.52%) versus MID (7.35 ± 0.50%) sows on d 12, but no differences were observed when compared with HIGH sows (6.97 ± 0.52%). In conclusion, the HIGH treatment resulted in physiological heat stress for lactating sows and lowered piglet core body temperature, but it had minimal effects on measures of milk quality.
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- 2024
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21. PSIII-12 Influence of early gestational heat stress on biomarkers of mammary gland development in replacement gilts genomically selected for thermotolerance or thermosensitivity
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Musa, Jacob, Byrd, MaryKate, Casey, Theresa M, Brito, Luiz F F, Suarez-Trujillo, Aridany, Schinckel, Allan P, Maltecca, Christian, Tiezzi, Francesco, and Johnson, Jay S
- Abstract
Heat stress (HS) alters physiological and metabolic processes in lactating sows leading to decreased milk production, which is a major factor limiting growth and survivability of piglets. While genomic selection for thermotolerance may be a viable solution to alleviate the negative effects of HS on pig welfare, it may be linked to a reduction in milk production and subsequently, litter growth performance. Therefore, the study objective was to evaluate the effects of genomic selection for thermotolerance and its interaction with early gestational HS on biomarkers of mammary gland development in replacement gilts. We hypothesized that HS exposure as well as genomic selection for thermotolerance would negatively affect mammary epithelial proliferation rate. A total of 36 Landrace (33%) × Large White (67%) crossbred gilts divergently selected for thermotolerance (TOL; n = 18) or thermosensitivity (SEN; n = 18) were balanced by body weight, bred to a single Duroc sire, and then exposed to either thermoneutral (TN; constant 17 to 22°C) or cyclical HS (26 to 36°C) conditions until d 65 of gestation. From d 66 of gestation until farrowing, all pregnant gilts were exposed to TN conditions. Of the 36 total gilts bred, only 28 became pregnant yielding 15 HS gilts (n = 8 SEN and 7 TOL) and 13 TN gilts (n = 7 SEN and 6 TOL). On d 105 of gestation, a mammary biopsy was taken from all gilts, mammary tissue was placed into 10% buffered formalin, and KI67 immunohistochemical staining was performed to identify proliferating mammary epithelial cells (MEC). Proliferating and non-proliferating MEC populations were counted using ImageJ tool. Data were analyzed using PROC GLM in SAS 9.4 with individual gilt as the experimental unit. Overall, early gestational HS decreased (P< 0.01; 16.53 ± 2.12%) the percent of proliferating MEC relative to those kept under TN conditions (26.42 ± 2.39%). However, no effect of genomic line divergence was detected with any comparison (P> 0.05). In conclusion, early gestation HS, but not genomic selection for thermotolerance, had a negative impact on biomarkers of mammary gland development in replacement gilts. These data may suggest that early gestation HS could have a reductive effect on milk production capacity, which may negatively affect litter growth.
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- 2024
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22. Editorial: Circulation of heavy ions and their role in regulating the near-earth plasma dynamics.
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Bashir, M. Fraz, Kronberg, Elena, Lunjin Chen, and Johnson, Jay R.
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HEAVY ions ,PLASMA dynamics ,HELIUM ions ,ION sources ,SOLAR wind ,MAGNETOSPHERIC physics - Abstract
This article is an editorial that discusses the circulation of heavy ions and their role in regulating the dynamics of near-Earth plasma. The research in this field has gained attention in recent years, with studies focusing on the composition of ions, their sources and sinks, and how they affect magnetospheric processes. The editorial synthesizes insights from five recent papers, which cover topics such as ion upflow during aurora events, atmospheric loss cone for energetic particles, magnetospheric mass density, nitrogen ion observations, and the dynamics of ion fluxes in turbulent magnetotail dipolarizations. These studies highlight the complexity and significance of heavy ions in understanding Earth's space environment and have implications in solar, ionospheric, and magnetospheric physics. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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23. Effect of repeated HPA axis stimulation on hair cortisol concentration, growth, and behavior in preweaned dairy cattle
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Kern, Jessica, Jorgensen, Matthew W, Boerman, Jacquelyn P, Erasmus, Marisa, Johnson, Jay S, and Pempek, Jessica A
- Abstract
The study objective was to investigate the effect of repeated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis stimulation using synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)intramuscular injections on hair cortisol concentration, growth, and behavior in preweaned dairy calves. Twenty-seven Holstein calves were assigned to nine triads (based on sex and birth order) and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) control (CON; 2 mL saline weekly); 2) moderate (MOD; alternating Cosyntropin [2 mcg/kg body weight (BW)] and saline weekly); or 3) frequent (FREQ; Cosyntropin [2 mcg/kg BW] weekly). Calves received their first injection on study day 0 (7 ± 1 d of age). Hair was collected from the tail switch between days −5 and −3 (baseline), 21, and 49 and analyzed for cortisol concentration. To verify the endogenous cortisol release by Cosyntropin during the treatment period, saliva was collected on days 0, 14, 28, and 42 before injection and every 15 min for 2 h after injection for analysis of salivary cortisol concentration. Calves were fitted with accelerometers to continuously monitor lying time, number of lying bouts, and lying bout duration throughout the study. Growth measures (BW, hip height, hip width) were recorded weekly. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA (SAS, Version 9.4), and models included the fixed effects of treatment, time (min or study day), and interaction between treatment and time. Temperature humidity index was included as a continuous covariate in all models. We observed a treatment × min interaction (P < 0.0001), whereby salivary cortisol concentration was lower in CON calves compared to MOD and FREQ calves 15 to 120 min postinjection. While hair cortisol concentration was not influenced by treatment, concentration decreased from day 21 (1.28 ± 0.03 ng/mL) to 49 (0.93 ± 0.03 ng/mL). Average BW was similar across treatments (CON [59.4 ± 1.09 kg], MOD [58.6 ± 0.98 kg], and FREQ [57.6 ± 0.96 kg]; P= 0.50). There was no evidence to suggest a difference in average daily lying time (CON [18.5 ± 0.23 h/d], MOD [18.6 ± 0.23 h/d], and FREQ [18.5 ± 0.23 h/d]; P= 0.99). These results suggest that repeated HPA axis stimulation through Cosyntropin administration increased salivary cortisol concentration, but did not influence hair cortisol concentration, growth, or behavior in preweaned dairy calves.Few measures of chronic stress exist for dairy calves. This research study investigated the potential use of hair cortisol as a noninvasive measure of chronic stress in dairy calves.Measures to quantify long-term or chronic stress in livestock are limited. The amount of cortisol (a stress hormone) deposited in the hair has been used as a noninvasive measure of long-term stress in some livestock species; however, few studies have investigated its use in young dairy calves. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of hair cortisol as a less invasive measure of stress in calves. Calves were either injected with saline (control) or Cosyntropin, a hormone that activates the stress response system, at different frequencies during the first two months of life. Cosyntropin injection increased salivary cortisol concentration (an indicator of acute stress) but did not increase hair cortisol concentration. There was no evidence to suggest a significant effect of treatment on calf growth. Calf behavior was similar between treatment groups. These results suggest that the method used to activate the stress response system in this study was sufficient to induce an acute stress response in calves (as indicated by increased salivary cortisol concentration), and more research is needed to investigate measures of chronic stress in young dairy calves.
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- 2024
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24. Diverse Mentoring Connections Across Institutional Boundaries in the Biomedical Sciences: Innovative Graph Database Analysis.
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Syed TA, Thompson EL, Latif Z, Johnson J, Javier D, Stinson K, Saleh G, and Vishwanatha JK
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- Humans, Female, Male, Biomedical Research statistics & numerical data, United States, Minority Groups statistics & numerical data, Databases, Factual, Faculty statistics & numerical data, Mentoring methods, Mentors statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: With an overarching goal of increasing diversity and inclusion in biomedical sciences, the National Research Mentoring Network (NRMN) developed a web-based national mentoring platform (MyNRMN) that seeks to connect mentors and mentees to support the persistence of underrepresented minorities in the biomedical sciences. As of May 15, 2024, the MyNRMN platform, which provides mentoring, networking, and professional development tools, has facilitated more than 12,100 unique mentoring connections between faculty, students, and researchers in the biomedical domain., Objective: This study aimed to examine the large-scale mentoring connections facilitated by our web-based platform between students (mentees) and faculty (mentors) across institutional and geographic boundaries. Using an innovative graph database, we analyzed diverse mentoring connections between mentors and mentees across demographic characteristics in the biomedical sciences., Methods: Through the MyNRMN platform, we observed profile data and analyzed mentoring connections made between students and faculty across institutional boundaries by race, ethnicity, gender, institution type, and educational attainment between July 1, 2016, and May 31, 2021., Results: In total, there were 15,024 connections with 2222 mentees and 1652 mentors across 1625 institutions contributing data. Female mentees participated in the highest number of connections (3996/6108, 65%), whereas female mentors participated in 58% (5206/8916) of the connections. Black mentees made up 38% (2297/6108) of the connections, whereas White mentors participated in 56% (5036/8916) of the connections. Mentees were predominately from institutions classified as Research 1 (R1; doctoral universities-very high research activity) and historically Black colleges and universities (556/2222, 25% and 307/2222, 14%, respectively), whereas 31% (504/1652) of mentors were from R1 institutions., Conclusions: To date, the utility of mentoring connections across institutions throughout the United States and how mentors and mentees are connected is unknown. This study examined these connections and the diversity of these connections using an extensive web-based mentoring network., (©Toufeeq Ahmed Syed, Erika L Thompson, Zainab Latif, Jay Johnson, Damaris Javier, Katie Stinson, Gabrielle Saleh, Jamboor K Vishwanatha. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 17.06.2024.)
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- 2024
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25. Leave-one-out-analysis (LOOA): web-based tool to predict influential proteins and interactions in aggregate-crosslinking proteomic data.
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Mainali N, Balasubramaniam M, Johnson J, Ayyadevara S, and Shmookler Reis RJ
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Many age-progressive diseases are accompanied by (and likely caused by) the presence of protein aggregation in affected tissues. Protein aggregates are conjoined by complex protein-protein interactions, which remain poorly understood. Knowledge of the proteins that comprise aggregates, and their adherent interfaces, can be useful to identify therapeutic targets to treat or prevent pathology, and to discover small molecules for disease interventions. We present web-based software to evaluate and rank influential proteins and protein-protein interactions based on graph modelling of the cross linked aggregate interactome. We have used two network-graph-based techniques: Leave-One-Vertex-Out (LOVO) and Leave-One-Edge-Out (LOEO), each followed by dimension reduction and calculation of influential vertices and edges using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) implemented as an R program. This method enables researchers to quickly and accurately determine influential proteins and protein-protein interactions present in their aggregate interactome data., (© 2024 Biomedical Informatics.)
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- 2024
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26. QuizTime: Innovative Learning Platform to Support Just-In-Time Asynchronous Quizzes to Improve Health Outcomes.
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Ahmed T, Stinson K, Johnson J, and Latif Z
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- Humans, Educational Measurement, Motivation, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Learning, Computer-Assisted Instruction
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QuizTime is an innovative, asynchronous, spaced learning platform that provides just-in-time learning to increase knowledge and retention. QuizTime was created in 2015, and since then, its effectiveness has been tested and studied across multiple healthcare learning interventions. This paper describes the importance of spaced learning in knowledge acquisition and retention, and the motivation behind the creation of the innovative QuizTime platform. We demonstrate the usefulness of this platform, as shown by multiple case studies using QuizTime, to increase and engage medical students, residents, physicians and health care providers with new quizzes and interventions., (©2023 AMIA - All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
27. Intermittent Methionine Restriction Reduces Marrow Fat Accumulation and Preserves More Bone Mass than Continuous Methionine Restriction.
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Plummer JD, Horowitz MC, and Johnson JE
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Continuous methionine restriction (MR) is one of only a few dietary interventions known to dramatically extend mammalian healthspan. For example, continuously methionine-restricted rodents show less age-related pathology and are up to 45% longer-lived than controls. Intriguingly, MR is feasible for humans, andanumberofstudieshavesuggestedthatmethionine-restrictedindividualsmayreceivesimilarhealthspan benefits as rodents. However, long-term adherence to a continuously methionine-restricted diet is likely to be challenging (or even undesirable) for many individuals. To address this, we previously developed an intermittent version of MR (IMR) and demonstrated that it confers nearly identical metabolic health benefits to mice as the continuous intervention, despite having a relatively short interventional period (i.e., only three days per week). We also observed that female mice undergoing IMR show a more pronounced amelioration of diet-induced dysglycemia than continuously methionine-restricted counterparts, while male mice undergoing IMR retain more lean body mass as compared with continuously methionine-restricted controls. Prompted by such findings, we sought to determine other ways in which IMR might compare favorably with continuous MR. While it is known that continuous MR has deleterious effects on bone in mice, including loss of both trabecular and cortical bone, we considered that mice undergoing IMR might retain more bone mass. Here, we report that, as compared with continuous MR, IMR results in a preservation of both trabecular and cortical bone, as well as a dramatic reduction in the accumulation of marrow fat. Consistent with such findings, mechanical testing revealed that the bones of intermittently methionine-restricted mice are significantly stronger than those of mice subjected to the continuous intervention. Finally, static histomorphometric analyses suggest that IMR likely results in more bone mass than that produced by continuous MR, primarily by increasing the number of osteoblasts. Together, our results demonstrate that the more practicable intermittent form of MR not only confers similar metabolic health benefits to the continuous intervention but does so without markedly deleterious effects on either the amount or strength of bone. These data provide further support for the use of IMR in humans., Competing Interests: Declaration of Interests The authors declare no competing conflicts of interest.
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- 2024
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28. 2023 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: Deuterated Drugs; LNP; Tumor/FFPE Biopsy; Targeted Proteomics; Small Molecule Covalent Inhibitors; Chiral Bioanalysis; Remote Regulatory Assessments; Sample Reconciliation/Chain of Custody (PART 1A - Recommendations on Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography, Sample Preparation Latest Developments, Challenges, and Solutions and BMV/Regulated Bioanalysis PART 1B - Regulatory Agencies' Inputs on Regulated Bioanalysis/BMV, Biomarkers/IVD/CDx/BAV, Immunogenicity, Gene & Cell Therapy and Vaccine).
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Baratta M, Jian W, Hengel S, Kaur S, Cunliffe J, Boer J, Hughes N, Kar S, Kellie J, Kim YJ, Lassman M, Mehl J, Morgan L, Palandra J, Sarvaiya H, Zeng J, Zheng N, Wang J, Yuan L, Ji A, Kochansky C, Tao L, Huang Y, Maes E, Barbero L, Contrepois K, Ferrari L, Fu Y, Johnson J, Jones B, Kansal M, Lu Y, Post N, Shen HH, Xue YY, Zhang YC, Biswas G, Cho SJ, Edmison A, Benson K, Abberley L, Azadeh M, Francis J, Garofolo F, Gupta S, Ivanova ID, Ishii-Watabe A, Karnik S, Kassim S, Kavetska O, Keller S, Kossary E, Li W, McCush F, Mendes DN, Abhari MR, Scheibner K, Sikorski T, Staack RF, Tabler E, Tang H, Wan K, Wang YM, Whale E, Yang L, Zimmer J, Bandukwala A, Du X, Kholmanskikh O, Gijsel SK, Wadhwa M, Xu J, Buoninfante A, Cludts I, Diebold S, Maxfield K, Mayer C, Pedras-Vasconcelos J, Abhari MR, Shubow S, Tanaka Y, Tounekti O, Verthelyi D, and Wagner L
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- Humans, Chromatography methods, Genetic Therapy, Mass Spectrometry methods, Biomarkers analysis, Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy, Proteomics methods
- Abstract
The 17
th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (17th WRIB) took place in Orlando, FL, USA on June 19-23, 2023. Over 1000 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 17th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week to allow an exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis of biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines.Moreover, in-depth workshops on "EU IVDR 2017/746 Implementation and impact for the Global Biomarker Community: How to Comply with this NEW Regulation" and on "US FDA/OSIS Remote Regulatory Assessments (RRAs)" were the special features of the 17th edition.As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues.This 2023 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2023 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons.This publication covers the recommendations on Mass Spectrometry Assays, Regulated Bioanalysis/BMV (Part 1A) and Regulatory Inputs (Part 1B). Part 2 (Biomarkers, IVD/CDx, LBA and Cell-Based Assays) and Part 3 (Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity) are published in volume 16 of Bioanalysis, issues 7 and 8 (2024), respectively.- Published
- 2024
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