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Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms involved in glioma conditioned medium for inducing glycolysis and oncogenic mediators in macrophages. Methods Bone marrow derived macrophage (BMDM) induced by hypoxia and mouse glioma cell line GL261 conditioned medium (GCM)(GCM-BMDM) were used as a model. The mRNA level of M1 and M2 oncogenic mediators, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and glycolysis associated genes in GCM-BMDM were detected by qPCR. The extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of GCM-BMDM was detected by Seahorse bioenergy assay method. The protein levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) and their phosphorylated forms p-STAT6 and p-STAT3 were examined by Western blot. Results GCM stimulated mRNA expression of Hif-1α and a variety of M1 and M2 oncogenic mediators in BMDM (P＜0.01). GCM upregulated the mRNA expression of multiple glycolysis associated genes (P＜0.01) and increased glycolysis level in BMDM (P＜0.001). The glycolysis level was reduced by incubation with lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor stiripentol (STP) (P＜0.05). STP down-regulated mRNA levels of Hif-1α and oncogenic mediators Il-1β, Il-6, Ido and Cd163 in GCM-BMDM(P＜0.01). STP decreased the ratio of p-STAT3 /STAT3 and p-STAT6 /STAT6 in GCM-BMDM (P＜0.05). Conclusions GCM increases glycolysis level and induces the pro-tumoral phenotypes in GAMs through promoting transcriptional regulation mediated by HIF-1α, STAT3 and STAT6. STP can effectively reduce glycolysis and transcriptional expression of oncogenic mediators in GAMs.

Objective To study the effect of carboxyamidotriazole-orotate(CTO) on the proliferation and fatty acid anabolism regulation of human pancreatic cancer cells. Methods Human pancreatic cancer cell lines AsPC-1, AsPC-1/GEM(AR), PANC-1 and MiaPaCa-2 were used as the study subjects; cell survival rate was detected by sulfonylrhodamine B(SRB); the mRNA level of key genes for fatty acid synthesis was detected by qPCR; the protein level of the AMPK/ACC pathway was detected by Western blot; intracellular lipid metabolites were examined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS). Results Comparing to control group, CTO significantly decreased the cell viability of AsPC-1, AR, PANC-1, and MiaPaCa-2(P＜0.05). CTO down-regulated the mRNA level of key fatty acid synthesis genes(P＜0.05). CTO significantly reduced the protein expression of AMPK, ACC and c-Myc(P＜0.05), while increasing the protein expression of p-AMPK and p-ACC(P＜0.05). CTO decreased lipid metabolite content in AR cells(P＜0.05). Conclusions CTO attenuates cellular fatty acid anabolism by inhibition of oncogene c-Myc expression and AMPK/ACC pathway, down-regulates the expression of fatty acid synthesis-related genes, and then inhibits proliferation of the human pancreatic cancer cell lines AsPC-1, AR, PANC-1 and MiaPaCa-2.

Objective To cultivate glioblastoma U87 stem-like cells (SLCs) and to detect the level of stemness biomarkers, mitochondrial respiratory capacity and the capacity of in vivo tumorigenesis. Methods B-27, growth factors EGF and bFGF was added into DMEM/F-12 culture in serum-free stem cell culture medium for U87 SLCs. Suspended culture of U87 SLCs was suspended using the neuro-sphere formation assay, while adherent culture of U87 SLCs was achieved by coating Matrigel matrix on the culture surface. The mRNA and protein level of stemness biomarkers in culture were detected using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. The proportion of CD133+ cells in culture was detected by flow cytometry. The changes of cell oxygen consumption rate were detected by Seahorse cell metabolism analysis. Cell tumorigenesis ability was verified by subcutaneous tumor transplantation in animals. Results U87 SLCs in stem cell culture medium would grow into typical sphere morphology within one week, and the spheres would continue to grow as the culture process prolongs. At the appropriate concentration of adhesive, U87 SLCs adhered to and grow well in stem cell culture medium. The mRNA transcription of stemness biomarkers such as CD133, nestin, OLIG2, CD44, CD15, and integrin α6(ITGA6) was significantly increased as found in both culture methods, and the protein levels of CD133 and nestin were also increased under both methods(P＜0.05). U87 SLCs showed higher mitochondrial reserve respiratory capacity (P＜0.05). U87 SLCs could form larger subcutaneous tumors with fewer inoculated cells (P＜0.05), and grew faster in vivo with stronger tumorigenic ability. Conclusions U87 SLCs have typical stemness characteristics and may function as tumor cell model with higher stemness properties.

Copyright of Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecological Applications is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Within‐species genetic diversity is shaped by multiple evolutionary forces within the confines of geography, and has cascading effects on the biodiversity of other taxa and levels. Invasive species are often initially limited in genetic diversity but still respond rapidly to their new range, possibly through 'pre‐adapted' genotypes or multiple sources of genetic diversity, but little is known about how their genetic structure differs from that of native species and how it alters the genetic‐species diversity relationship. Here, we selected a widespread native species Phragmites australis and its co‐occurring invasive competitor Spartina alterniflora as our model plant species. We investigated the genetic structure of P. australis using two chloroplast fragments and ten nuclear microsatellites in 13 populations along the Chinese coastal wetlands. We discovered a distinct geographical differentiation, showing that the northern and southern populations harbored unique genotypes. We also found a significant increase in genetic diversity (allelic richness and expected heterozygosity) from south to north. Combined with previous studies of S. alterniflora, the Mantel tests revealed a significant correlation of genetic distances between P. australis and S. alterniflora even when controlling for geographic distance, suggesting that the invasive species S. alterniflora might exhibit a phylogeographic pattern similar to that of the native species to some extent. Furthermore, our results suggest that the S. alterniflora invasion has altered the relationship between the genetic diversity of the dominant native plant and the associated species richness of soil nematodes. The reason for the alteration of genetic‐species diversity relationship might be that the biological invasion weakens the environmental impact on both levels of biodiversity. Our findings contribute to understanding the latitudinal patterns of intraspecific genetic diversity in widespread species. This work on the genetic diversity analysis of native species also provides significant implications for the invasion stage and ecological consequences of biological invasions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like alien plant invasion, range expansion of native plants may threaten biodiversity and economies, rendering them native invaders. Variation in abiotic and biotic conditions across a large geographic scale greatly affects variation in traits and interactions with herbivores of native plant invaders, which is an interesting yet mostly unexplored issue. We used a common garden experiment to compare defensive/nutritional traits and palatability to generalist herbivores of 20 native (23.64° N–30.18° N) and introduced range (31.58° N–36.87° N) populations of Reynoutria japonica, which is a native invader following range expansion in China. We analyzed the relationships among herbivore pressure, climate, plant chloroplast haplotypes, leaf traits, and herbivore performance. Of the 16 variables tested, we observed range differences in 11 variables and latitudinal clines in nine variables. In general, herbivores performed better on the introduced plants than on the native plants, and better on the high‐latitude plants than on the low‐latitude plants within the introduced populations. Three key traits (leaf thickness, specific leaf area, and carbon‐to‐nitrogen [C:N] ratio) determined palatability to herbivores and were significantly associated with temperature and/or precipitation of plant provenance as well as with plant haplotypes but not with herbivore pressure. Our results revealed a causal sequence from plant‐range‐based environmental forces and genetic context to plant quality and palatability to herbivores in R. japonica. These findings suggest a post‐introduction evolution of R. japonica, which may partly explain the colonization success of this important native, but invasive plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of flow cytometric minimal residual disease (MRD) detection at different time points during AML chemotherapy on prognosis., Methods: 130 adult primary AML patients diagnosed and standardized with chemotherapy from March 2018 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, MRD was detected by flow cytometry, Kaplan-Meier curves was used for survival analysis and log-rank test was used for variance analysis, and univariate and multifactor influencing patient survival with COX proportional risk regression model analysis. Cumulative incidence rate (CIR) analysis with competing risk model and variance analysis using Fine-Gray., Results: There were 81 CR1, 26 CR2, 14 PR, and 9 NR patients in 130 patients. OS of the CR1 group was higher than that in the CR2, PR,and NR groups. OS of the CR2 group was higher than that in the PR group, but there was no statistically difference compared to the NR group. There was no statistically difference in OS between the PR and NR groups. 107 patients in CR1 and CR2 were grouped according to MRD detected by flow cytometry, and after the first induction chemotherapy, for patients in the MRD - and MRD + groups, the 4-year expected RFS rates were 65.3% and 27.9% respectively, the 4-year expected OS rates were 58.7% and 41.4% respectively, and the 4-year expected CIR were 34.7% and 69.7% respectively, with statistically significant differences between 2 groups (χ 2 =6.639, P =0.010; χ 2 =6.131, P =0.013 and χ 2 =6.637， P =0.010). After the second chemotherapy, for patients in the MRD - and MRD + groups, the 4-year expected RFS rates were 50.8% and 37.9% respectively, the 4-year expected OS rates were 49.2% and 44.5% respectively, and the 4-year expected CIR were 49.2% and 59.5% respectively, with no statistically significant differences between 2 groups (χ 2 =1.475, P =0.225; χ 2 =2.432, P =0.119 and χ 2 =1.416， P =0.234). During consolidation therapy, for patients in the MRD - and MRD + groups, the 4-year expected RFS rates were 51.9% and 29.6% respectively, the 4-year expected OS rates were 67.5% and 24.6% respectively, and the 4-year expected CIR were 48.1% and 70.4% respectively, with statistically significant differences between 2 groups (χ 2 =20.982, P < 0.001; χ 2 =17.794, P < 0.001 and χ 2 =19.879， P < 0.001). For patients with MRD - at all three time points and positive at either time point, the 4-year expected RFS rates were 69.9% and 33.3% respectively, the 4-year expected OS rates were 59.1% and 44.7% respectively, and the 4-year expected CIR were 30.1% and 65.1% respectively, with statistically significant differences between 2 groups (χ 2 =7.367, P =0.007; χ 2 =6.042, P =0.014 and χ 2 =7.662， P =0.006). Univariate analysis showed that karyotype at high risk of chromosome was an unfavorable factor affecting patients' RFS and OS, while 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy achieved CR, MRD - after the first induction chemotherapy and MRD - after the second induction chemotherapy was a protective factor affecting patients' RFS and OS. MRD - during consolidation therapy and MRD - at all three time points were all protective factors affecting patients' RFS, OS and CIR. Multivariate analysis showed that induction chemotherapy for 2 cycles achieved CR was a protective factor affecting patients' RFS and CIR, and MRD - during consolidation therapy was a protective factor affecting patients' RFS, OS and CIR., Conclusion: Early achievement of CR and MRD - in adult AML patients, especially MRD - during consolidation therapy, is a marker of good prognosis, and flow cytometry is the most commonly used method for MRD detection in AML patients.