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Background/objectives: Ghana, a major travel hub in West Africa, faces a high risk of infectious disease transmission due to frequent travel and cross-border movement. The 2019 coronavirus pandemic, like the 1918 influenza pandemic, highlighted gaps in infectious disease surveillance and outbreak response systems. This study aimed to assess how Ghana can better monitor and respond to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (ERIDs) by evaluating its existing surveillance infrastructure. Method: Focusing on Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) - key targets for pandemic surveillance - the study analysed the diffusion patterns of the 1918 influenza and 2019 coronavirus in Ghana. Existing surveillance sites were reviewed to identify potential new sites for optimal sentinel surveillance. Results: The first month of the 1918 influenza and 2019 coronavirus outbreaks in Ghana covered 31.8 % and 22.2 % of districts, with full-country spread taking 15 and 13 weeks respectively. The analysis further revealed that towns, villages, and socio-economic routes, particularly in the middle belt and Accra, were high-risk areas. Based on the findings, an additional 369 primary, 610 secondary, and 3176 tertiary surveillance sites were proposed to supplement the current 31 ILI and SARI sites. Conclusion: Expanding the current surveillance system to include ERIDs will enhance Ghana's capacity to efficiently monitor and respond to future outbreaks, improving health security in resource-limited settings.

The study investigated the determinants of adopting E-commerce among maize traders, focusing on the Savings Grains App. E-commerce implications on marketing effectiveness and the value co-creation opportunities were also analyzed. Primary data was sourced from 130 maize traders. Descriptive statistics, probit regression, and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) were applied to analyze the data. Perceived usefulness, perceived cost, perceived ease of use, perceived innovativeness, perceived complexity, and household size were identified as factors that significantly influence traders’ adoption of E-commerce. These findings reinforce and expand existing theories on adoption intentions within agripreneurship. Moreover, traders using the e-commerce platform reported an increase of 4702 kg in sales volume and GH¢ 239.1 (US$ 26.8) in sales revenue compared to non-adopters. The study further highlighted value co-creation as a catalyst for enhanced sales volume, revenue, and user satisfaction, underscoring its potential as a sustainable strategy within e-commerce frameworks. The insights gained contribute to understanding the transformative role of sustainable technology in boosting growth and resilience in agricultural trade.