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We investigated how the positional arrangement of electron-donating (amino) and electron-withdrawing (ester) groups in single benzene-based fluorophores influences their emission properties. By synthesizing 26 regioisomeric fluorophores, we achieved wavelength modulation from 322 to 539 nm, revealing key correlations between functional group positioning and photophysical behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing two electron-donating groups and two electron-withdrawing groups together in symmetrical positions on the benzene ring is a fundamental way to synthesize and prepare single-benzene-based fluorophores (SBBFs). Their photophysical properties are adjusted through the electronic and structural properties of the functional groups. Reported herein is the functionalization of diaminobenzene derivatives with various amine protecting groups, including amides, urea, carbamates, and sulfonamides. Both absorption and emission properties of the obtained SBBF molecules were carefully investigated. Sequential and unsymmetric diamine protections were also explored with diaminobenzene derivatives for fine-tuning of the molecular properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this report, a tumor exhibited EWSR1 :: RORß gene fusion, to our knowledge, is the first such reported case. The Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 gene (EWSR1) is known to be associated with several soft tissue tumors although its specific role remains unclear. Its fusion with a member of the ETS family, including FLI1 and ERG , results in Ewing sarcoma, and its fusion with other genes unrelated to the ETS family, including NFATC2 and PATZ1 , results in round cell sarcoma with EWSR1-non-ETS fusions, previously referred to as Ewing-like sarcoma. RORß encodes retinoic acid-related orphan receptor ß, a nuclear receptor (NR), and is involved in circadian rhythm modulation and cancer regulation. The specific role of ROR ß in tumorigenesis remains unclear; however, this case report suggests that it may form part of a new tumorigenic entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single‐ion conducting (SIC) polymers, wherein anions are covalently bonded to the polymer chain, selectively facilitate the movement of lithium ions, making them promising polymer electrolytes for lithium‐ion batteries because only lithium ion acts as a charge carrier. Carboxylate‐type SIC polymers offer cost advantages and are facilely prepared compared to conventional types like sulfonylamide‐type SIC polymers. However, they are known to suffer from inefficient dissociation of lithium ions due to their high basicity. In this study, enhancement of lithium‐ion dissociation in carboxylate‐type SIC polymers is investigated by complexing them with ionic liquid (IL). Incorporation of IL with the SIC polymer significantly improves electrochemical properties, achieving a high ionic conductivity close to 2 mS cm−1 and a critical current density of 2.1 mA cm−2 in a Li symmetric cell at 25 °C. The interaction between the SIC polymer and IL is confirmed through infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical tests of the Li/LiFePO4 cell exhibit a high reversible capacity of 128.6 mAh g−1 with a cycle retention of 89.9 % after 100 cycles at 1 C (1 C=170 mA g−1) and an excellent recuperation even after rate tests at 6 C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems have been widely adopted for full autonomy in various fields due to their convenience. However, changes in the air gap between the Tx and Rx coils significantly affect efficiency. To overcome this challenge, this paper introduces the determination of a compensation capacitor for a distance-variable WPT system that is robust in varying air gap conditions. The proposed method was verified using theoretical analysis, simulation, and experimental measurement. The electrical circuit was modeled using a T-equivalent model in a series–series (SS) topology to calculate power transfer efficiency (PTE). Specifically, compensation capacitors were analyzed at distances of 10, 30, and 50 mm, considering different self-inductance values. These results are compared against varying load resistances to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Additionally, the PTE drop ratio was defined to facilitate comparison. The results show that the PTE drop ratio for the compensation capacitor at the farthest distance was consistently smaller than that for the capacitor at the nearest distance under varying air gaps and load resistances. In this research, the difference in the PTE drop ratio between 10 and 50 mm was measured, demonstrating that determining the capacitor at the farthest distance reduces the PTE drop ratio across a range of operational conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Zika virus has been shown to infect glioblastoma stem cells via the membrane receptor α v β 5 , which is activated by the stem-specific transcription factor SOX2. Since the expression level of SOX2 is an important predictive marker for successful virotherapy, it is important to understand the fundamental mechanisms of the role of SOX2 in the dynamics of cancer stem cells and Zika viruses. In this paper, we develop a mathematical ODE model to investigate the effects of SOX2 expression levels on Zika virotherapy against glioblastoma stem cells. Our study aimed to identify the conditions under which SOX2 expression level, viral infection, and replication can reduce or eradicate the glioblastoma stem cells. Analytic work on the existence and stability conditions of equilibrium points with respect to the basic reproduction number are provided. Numerical results were in good agreement with analytic solutions. Our results show that critical threshold levels of both SOX2 and viral replication, which change the stability of equilibrium points through population dynamics such as transcritical and Hopf bifurcations, were observed. These critical thresholds provide the optimal conditions for SOX2 expression levels and viral bursting sizes to enhance therapeutic efficacy of Zika virotherapy against glioblastoma stem cells. This study provides critical insights into optimizing Zika virus-based treatment for glioblastoma by highlighting the essential role of SOX2 in viral infection and replication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drone operation, a new driving force for logistics innovation, is struggling to overcome practical challenges. One of the concerns for drone utilization is limited flight ranges, and different concepts of facilities are continually developed to support drone delivery. These new facilities prompt the need to integrate decision‐making across different phases. In particular, the deployment of facilities that complement the physical limitations of drones and the scheduling of drones to perform delivery tasks are closely related. Therefore, we developed a scheduling‐location problem with drones, a new methodology for integrating operational and strategic planning decisions. The integrated decision‐making determines the location of the drone facilities by not only considering the critical distance of facilities but also by taking into account whether the delivery schedule is implemented. In our model, additional drone facilities are sometimes opened considering available drones due to the feasibility of the delivery schedule. An extended formulation and a restricted master heuristic are proposed to solve problems time‐efficiently. Computational results show that the restricted master heuristic outperforms the mathematical model in finding solutions for large‐scale instances. The developed model and heuristic algorithm provide drone delivery services even in areas that are not easily reachable by drones due to being located far from the warehouse and can be effectively applied to humanitarian logistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We herein report a fundamental mechanistic investigation into photochemical metal‐nitrenoid generation and inner‐sphere transposition reactivity using organometallic photoprecursors. By designing Cp*Ir(hydroxamate)(Ar) complexes, we induced photo‐initiated ligand activation, allowing us to explore the amidative σ(Ir–aryl) migration reactivity. A combination of experimental mechanistic studies, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer enables the σ(N−O) cleavage, followed by Ir‐acylnitrenoid generation. The final inner‐sphere σ(Ir–aryl) group migration results in a net amidative group transposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strategic approach to develop efficient ultra‐broadband terahertz (THz) crystals involves the incorporation of different electron donating groups (EDGs) into cationic chromophores. In contrast to the widely utilized non‐cyclic 4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl (DA) EDG, cyclic 5‐membered 4‐(2‐(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine‐1‐yl)phenyl (PB) and cyclic 6‐membered 4‐(3‐(hydroxymethyl)piperidin‐1‐yl)phenyl (PN) EDGs exhibit an asymmetrical shape with a strongly interacting hydroxymethyl group at the chiral center. Notably, the PB EDG shows narrower intrinsic vibrational states with lower conformational flexibility and smaller ring flips compared to the PN EDG. In the crystalline state, introducing the PB EDG leads to the formation of a new class of nonlinear optical assembly, the so‐called stair‐type cation‐anion assembly. This assembly demonstrates optimal chromophore alignment with state‐of‐the‐art effective first hyperpolarizability (209 × 10−30 esu). Furthermore, the PB EDG‐based crystals exhibit significantly lower THz absorption compared to previously reported benchmark crystals. In THz wave generation experiments, PB EDG‐based crystals demonstrate state‐of‐the‐art efficiency and ultrabroad spectral bandwidth, featuring a cut‐off frequency of up to 16 THz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The symmetry reduction of molecular shape of cationic chromophores as a design strategy to develop organic terahertz (THz) generators is used. Electron donating group (EDG) with an asymmetric shape is introduced into two types of cationic styryl‐quinolinium chromophores, leading to the development of several novel non‐centrosymmetric crystals with high macroscopic optical nonlinearity. In contrast, when an EDG with a symmetric shape is introduced, centrosymmetric crystal structure is obtained in all investigated crystals. For THz wave generation, crystals based on asymmetrically shaped EDG exhibit several optimal crystal characteristics, including a plate‐shape morphology, a large size, and an in‐plane polar axis. Furthermore, over the entire range of molecular phonon vibrations, 0.5–4 THz, the steric hindrance group in the asymmetrically shaped EDG has a strong influence on the suppression of THz phonon vibrations, leading to a low THz absorption coefficient. The crystals based on asymmetrically shaped EDG generate an ≈40 times stronger THz electric field than the inorganic ZnTe crystal and very broad THz spectra, extending up to 16 THz. Thus, the symmetry reduction of the molecular shape of cationic chromophores through the introduction of an asymmetrically shaped EDG is an effective design approach for the development of novel organic THz crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]