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Pressure injuries pose significant health risks, especially for the elderly, immobile individuals, and those with sensory impairments. These injuries can rapidly become chronic, making initial diagnosis important. Due to the difficulty of transporting patients from local health facilities to higher-level general hospitals for treatment, it is essential to utilize telemedicine tools, such as chatbots, to ensure rapid initial diagnosis. Recent advances in artificial intelligence have demonstrated potential for medical imaging and disease classification. Ongoing research in the field of dermatological diseases focuses on disease classification. However, the assessment accuracy of artificial intelligence is often limited by unequal class distributions and insufficient dataset quantities. In this study, we aim to enhance the accuracy of artificial intelligence models by generating synthetic datasets. Specifically, we focused on training models for Pressure Injury assessment using both real and synthetic datasets. We used PI data at a domestic medical university. As part of our supplementary research, we established a chatbot system to facilitate the assessment of pressure injuries. Using both constructed and synthetic data, we achieved a top-1 accuracy of 92.03%. The experimental results demonstrate that combining real and synthetic data significantly improves model accuracy. These findings suggest that synthetic datasets can be effectively utilized to address the limitations of small-scale datasets in medical applications. Future research should explore the use of diverse synthetic data generation methods and validate model performance on a variety of datasets to enhance the generalization and robustness of AI models for Pressure Injury assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, HfO2‐based ferroelectric thin films have attracted widespread interest in developing next‐generation nonvolatile memories. To form a metastable ferroelectric orthorhombic phase in HfO2, a post‐annealing process is typically necessary. However, the microscopic mechanism underlying the effect of annealing temperature on ferroelectric domain nucleation and growth is still obscure, despite its importance in optimizing the operation speed of HfO2‐based devices. In this study, the ferroelectric properties and polarization switching of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films annealed at different temperatures (550–700 °C) are systematically investigated. Evidently, the crystal structure, remnant polarization, and dielectric constant monotonically change with annealing temperature. However, microscopic piezoresponse force microscopy images as well as macroscopic switching current measurements reveal non‐monotonic changes in the polarization switching speed with annealing temperature. This intriguing behavior is ascribed to the difference in the ferroelectric‐domain nucleation process induced by the amount of oxygen vacancies in the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films annealed at different temperatures. This work demonstrates that controlling the defect concentration of ferroelectric HfO2 by tuning the post‐annealing process is critical for optimizing device performance, particularly polarization switching speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An excessive amount of differential settlement was observed during the construction of taxiways at Changi Airport in Singapore. The pavement exhibited severe settlement (up to 200 mm). The first cracks appeared in April 2018, 11 months after the pavement construction was completed. The cracks stayed in the asphalt concrete layer, but 15 months after the emergence of the first cracks, they extended downward and propagated beyond a subgrade layer. From the analyses performed on the pavement structure using the finite element method, it was found that tensile strain occurred at the surface of the pavement. The amount of tensile strain was higher at the joint between the main pavement and the shoulder pavement than in any other location on the pavement. Fracture analyses were conducted and indicated that cracks would propagate from the top of the pavement due to the tensile strain and move to its bottom. To identify an indication of settlement, heavy weight deflect (HWD) tests were conducted over three pavements experiencing three levels of settlement—severe, moderate, and no settlement. Backcalculation analysis was done for the three pavements using backcalculation programs BAKFAA and BAKSIMPLEX, and the closed-form solution. It was observed that the backcalcuated asphalt modulus was highly affected by root mean square (RMS) %. It is hence less reliable when the asphalt concrete modulus was determined at a higher RMS %, whereas the correlation became stronger when it was determined at an RMS % lower than four. Meanwhile, subgrade modulus backcalculated even at higher RMS % values was less affected by the error because most errors occurred and accumulated near the loading area of HWD. From the statistical analysis (t-test) performed on subgrade moduli backcalculated, it was concluded that the means of subgrade moduli obtained from the three different pavements differed from the hypothetical means of interest at a 95% level of confidence. This indicates that if a pavement undergoes settlement, the indication of settlement could be captured from HWD tests and the backcalculation of subgrade moduli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greater access to flexible work arrangements is considered a solution to many working parents' challenges balancing the demands of work and family, yet it remains unclear whether such arrangements are associated with parents' time in the active caregiving activities linked to children's development and parents' notions of quality time. We examine this question using data from the American Time Use Survey and Leave and Job Flexibilities Module (2017–2018) (n = 1,874 mothers, n = 1,756 fathers) and linear regression and inverse probability weighting techniques. Results indicate that access to flextime is associated with more active caregiving time for mothers but not fathers. They also provide suggestive evidence that flexplace is associated with more active caregiving time for mothers and fathers and strong evidence that it is associated with more passive caregiving time for both parents. The findings highlight the importance of expanding parents' access to flexible work options, and the limits of doing so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the integration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) into InP-based quantum dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (LEDs). By 5 wt% of PEG 400 blended into the QD emission layer (EML), we achieved an enhancement in both current efficiency (100 %) and external quantum efficiency (91 %). X-ray reflectivity revealed significant morphological changes in the QD EML upon PEG incorporation, primarily manifesting as increased thickness in the dense surface region without affecting the total thickness. This adjustment influenced electron density distribution, impacting hole and electron flow. Overall, the addition of PEG not only improved the electrical properties of QD LEDs but also reshaped the internal morphology of the QD EML. Notably, the efficiency improvements observed rival those achieved by integrating traditional hole transport materials into QD EMLs. • Efficiency enhancement of quantum dot-LED by adding plasticizer material. • The quantum dot layer density distribution changes with the addition of PEG. • Excessive PEG induces the insulating property of quantum dot-LED. • The PEG additive reduces a carrier leakage of imperfect charge injection into quantum dot layers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]