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This study examines how family values in a firm can impact non‐market strategies. Given that family members on the board tend to pursue non‐economic, especially family related, values, we attempt to specify how the perspectives, values, and tastes of family members serving on the board can be infused into the firm's environmental performance. Since actions addressing environmental issues are less directly related to family values than other types of CSR actions, such as donations and services to the local community, the family‐value‐infused characteristics of boards that represent family firms' pursuit of socio‐emotional wealth, can make firms less committed to environmental issues. Using our comprehensive sample of large U.S. firms consisting of 15,086 firm‐year observations between 1998 and 2016, we find that when family values are treated as a critical factor for non‐market strategies, family dominated firms are less likely to pursue corporate environmental responsibility. We also find that both external and internal factors can positively moderate the family firm's environmental underperformance by diluting the family values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is reversible dementia, that is underdiagnosed. The purpose of this study was to develop an automated diagnostic method for iNPH using artificial intelligence techniques with a T1-weighted MRI scan., Materials and Methods: We quantified iNPH, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and healthy control patients on T1-weighted 3D brain MRI scans using 452 scans for training and 110 scans for testing. Automatic component measurement algorithms were developed for Evans' index, Sylvian fissure enlargement, high-convexity tightness, callosal angle, and normalized lateral ventricle volume. XGBoost models were trained for both automated measurements and manual labels for iNPH prediction., Results: A total of 452 patients (200 men; mean age ± standard deviation, 73.2 ± 6.5 years) were included in the training set. Of the 452 patients, 111 (24.6%) had iNPH. We obtained AUC values of 0.956 for automatically measured high-convexity tightness and 0.830 for Sylvian fissure enlargement. Intra-class correlation values of 0.824 for the callosal angle and 0.924 for Evans' index were measured. Using the decision tree of the XGBoost model, the model trained on manual labels obtained an average cross-validation AUC of 0.988 on the training set and 0.938 on the unseen test set, while the fully automated model obtained a cross-validation AUC of 0.983 and an unseen test AUC of 0.936., Conclusion: We demonstrated a machine-learning algorithm capable of diagnosing iNPH from a 3D T1-weighted MRI scan that is robust to the failure. We propose a method to scan large numbers of 3D T1-weighted MRI scans with minimal human intervention, making possible large-scale iNPH screening., Abbreviations: iNPH = idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus; PD = Parkinson's disease; AD = Alzheimer's disease; HC = healthy control; CSF = cerebrospinal fluid; DESH = disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus; 3D = three-dimensional., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to the content of this article., (© 2024 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)

Recent advancements in Alzheimer's disease treatment have focused on the elimination of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque, a hallmark of the disease. Monoclonal antibodies such as lecanemab and donanemab can alter disease progression by binding to different forms of Aβ aggregates. However, these treatments raise concerns about adverse effects, particularly amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). Careful assessment of safety, especially regarding ARIA, is crucial. ARIA results from treatment-related disruption of vascular integrity and increased vascular permeability, leading to the leakage of proteinaceous fluid (ARIA-E) and heme products (ARIA-H). ARIA-E indicates treatment-induced edema or sulcal effusion, while ARIA-H indicates treatment-induced microhemorrhage or superficial siderosis. The minimum recommended magnetic resonance imaging sequences for ARIA assessment are T2-FLAIR, T2* gradient echo (GRE), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). T2-FLAIR and T2* GRE are necessary to detect ARIA-E and ARIA-H, respectively. DWI plays a role in differentiating ARIA-E from acute to subacute infarcts. Physicians, including radiologists, must be familiar with the imaging features of ARIA, the appropriate imaging protocol for the ARIA workup, and the reporting of findings in clinical practice. This review aims to describe the clinical and imaging features of ARIA and suggest points for the timely detection and monitoring of ARIA in clinical practice., Competing Interests: Chong Hyun Suh, who holds the respective position as Assistant to the Editor of the Korean Journal of Radiology, was not involved in the editorial evaluation or decision to publish this article. The remaining author has declared no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Korean Society of Radiology.)